Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Mở rộng đô thị và sự chuyển đổi địa điểm sử dụng đất địa phương đều góp phần đáng kể vào sự nóng lên đô thị, nhưng tầm quan trọng tương đối của chúng thay đổi theo thời gian
Tóm tắt
Đảo nhiệt đô thị (UHI) ảnh hưởng đến cả chu kỳ sinh địa hóa và xã hội con người. Các nghiên cứu trước đây về UHI chỉ ra rằng sự mở rộng đô thị và sự thay đổi bề mặt đất địa phương có thể dẫn đến nhiệt độ cao hơn ở các thành phố so với vùng nông thôn lân cận. Rất ít nghiên cứu đã xem xét tác động kết hợp của các yếu tố quy mô thành phố và quy mô địa phương đến sự nóng lên đô thị, cũng như tầm quan trọng tương đối của chúng. Chúng tôi đã kiểm tra tác động tổng thể của đô thị hóa đối với sự nóng lên đô thị từ năm 1983 đến 2011 tại Bắc Kinh, điều tra cách kích thước thành phố và tỷ lệ đất phát triển địa phương cùng nhau ảnh hưởng đến nhiệt độ không khí, và định lượng tầm quan trọng tương đối của chúng theo thời gian. Chúng tôi đã so sánh xu hướng nhiệt độ giữa các trạm đô thị và các trạm tham chiếu, và thực hiện hồi quy tuyến tính để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố quy mô thành phố và địa phương, dựa trên dữ liệu khí tượng và dữ liệu viễn thám. Đô thị hóa đã ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến các xu hướng nhiệt độ không khí, đặc biệt là vào mùa hè. Xu hướng nhiệt độ trung bình do đô thị hóa gây ra là 0.3–0.4 °C thập kỷ−1 hàng năm và 0.4–0.6 °C thập kỷ−1 vào mùa hè. Sự gia tăng kích thước thành phố và tỷ lệ đất phát triển địa phương đều góp phần vào sự nóng lên đô thị, nhưng tầm quan trọng tương đối của chúng đã thay đổi theo thời gian và khác nhau theo mùa. Yếu tố quy mô địa phương đóng vai trò quan trọng trong nhiệt độ không khí khi kích thước thành phố còn tương đối nhỏ, và quan trọng hơn vào mùa hè khi có nhiều không gian xanh ở quy mô địa phương. Tuy nhiên, yếu tố quy mô thành phố có thể gây ra căng thẳng nhiệt mạnh hơn vào mùa hè, nếu có ít không gian xanh ở địa phương. Khi kích thước thành phố rất lớn, yếu tố quy mô thành phố trở thành yếu tố quan trọng duy nhất ảnh hưởng đến nhiệt độ không khí. Khi thành phố còn tương đối nhỏ, tối ưu hóa thành phần hoặc cấu hình của bề mặt đất địa phương có thể giảm thiểu hiệu ứng UHI một cách hiệu quả. Tuy nhiên, khi thành phố đã lớn, một cách hiệu quả hơn là kiểm soát sự mở rộng thêm.
Từ khóa
#đảo nhiệt đô thị #đô thị hóa #nhiệt độ không khí #kích thước thành phố #đất phát triển địa phươngTài liệu tham khảo
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