Update on peripheral regional analgesia

Jin, 2001, Multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain control, J Clin Anesth, 13, 524, 10.1016/S0952-8180(01)00320-8 Katz, 1996, Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain, Clin J Pain, 12, 50, 10.1097/00002508-199603000-00009 Williams, 2002, Making an ambulatory surgery centre suitable for regional anaesthesia, Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 16, 175, 10.1053/bean.2002.0232 Urmey, 1991, One hundred percent incidence of hemi diaphragmatic paresis associated with interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia as diagnosed by ultrasonography, Anesth Analg, 72, 498, 10.1213/00000539-199104000-00014 Urmey, 1993, Pulmonary function changes during interscalene brachial plexus block: Effects of decreasing local anesthetic injection volume, Reg Anesth, 18, 244 Bennani, 1998, An attempt to prevent spread of local anaesthetic to the phrenic nerve by compression above the injection site during the interscalene brachial plexus block, Eur J Anaesthesiol, 15, 453, 10.1097/00003643-199807000-00011 Boezaart, 1999, A new technique of continuous interscalene nerve block, Can J Anaesth, 46, 275, 10.1007/BF03012610 Ritchie, 1997, Suprascapular nerve block for postoperative pain relief in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: A new modality?, Anesth Analg, 84, 1306, 10.1213/00000539-199706000-00024 Neal, 2003, Suprascapular nerve block prolongs analgesia after nonarthroscopic shoulder surgery but does not improve outcomes, Anesth Analg, 96, 982, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000052380.69541.D4 Moorthy, 1991, A supraclavicular lateral paravascular approach for brachial plexus regional anesthesia, Anesth Analg, 72, 241, 10.1213/00000539-199102000-00018 Pham-Dang, 1997, A novel supraclavicular approach to brachial plexus block, Anesth Analg, 85, 111 Petitfaux, 2000, Diaphragmatic excursion after inter-sternocleidomastoid block depending on the site of the injection, Annales Francaises d Anesthesie et de Reanimation, 19, 517, 10.1016/S0750-7658(00)00246-X Singelyn, 1997, Continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block: An original technique to provide postoperative analgesia after foot surgery, Anesth Analg, 84, 383, 10.1213/00000539-199702000-00027 Singelyn, 2002, Single-injection applications for foot and ankle surgery, Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 16, 247, 10.1053/bean.2002.0236 Zetlaoui, 1998, Lateral approach to the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa, Anesth Analg, 87, 79, 10.1213/00000539-199807000-00017 Hadzic, 1998, A comparison of the posterior versus lateral approaches to the block of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa, Anesthesiology, 88, 1480, 10.1097/00000542-199806000-00010 di Benedetto, 2002, Postoperative analgesia with continuous sciatic nerve block after foot surgery: A prospective, randomized comparison between the popliteal and subgluteal approaches, Anesth Analg, 94, 996, 10.1097/00000539-200204000-00041 Naux E, Pham-Dang C, Petitfaux F, et alSciatic nerve blockA new lateral mediofemoral approachThe value of its combination with a “3 in 1” block for invasive surgery of the knee. 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Mansour, 1993, Sub-sartorial saphenous nerve block with the aid of nerve stimulator, Reg Anesth, 18, 266 Williams, 2003, Femoral sciatic blocks for complex outpatient knee surgery are associated with less postoperative pain before same day discharge, Anesthesiology, 98, 1206, 10.1097/00000542-200305000-00024 McNamee, 2002, Postoperative analgesia following total knee replacement: An evaluation of the addition of obturator nerve block to combined femoral and sciatic nerve block, Acta Anesthesiol Scand, 46, 1, 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2002.460117.x Auroy, 2002, Major complications of regional anesthesia in France: The SOS Regional Anesthesia Hotline Service, Anesthesiology, 97, 1274, 10.1097/00000542-200211000-00034 Aida, 1996, Renal subcapsular hematoma after lumbar plexus block, Anesthesiology, 84, 452, 10.1097/00000542-199602000-00027 Capdevila, 2002, Continuous psoas compartment block for postoperative analgesia after total hip arthroplasty: New landmarks, technical guidelines, and clinical evaluation, Anesth Analg, 94, 1606, 10.1213/00000539-200206000-00045 Klein, 1997, Enoxaparin associated with psoas hematoma and lumbar plexopathy after lumbar plexus block, Anesthesiology, 87, 1576, 10.1097/00000542-199712000-00040 Weller, 2003, Extensive retroperitoneal hematoma without neurological deficit in two patients who underwent lumbar plexus block and were later anticoagulated, Anesthesiology, 98, 581, 10.1097/00000542-200302000-00044 Cuvillon, 2001, The continuous femoral nerve block catheter for postoperative analgesia: Bacterial colonization, infectious rate and adverse events, Anesth Analg, 93, 1045, 10.1097/00000539-200110000-00050 Bouaziz, 2000, Sufentanil does not prolong the duration of analgesia in a mepivacaine brachial plexus block: A dose response study, Anesth Analg, 90, 383, 10.1213/00000539-200002000-00027 Murphy, 2000, Novel analgesic adjuncts for brachila plexus blocks: A systematic review, Anesth Analg, 90, 1122, 10.1097/00000539-200005000-00023 Ishander, 2001, The enhancement of sensory blockade by clonidine selectively added to mepivacaine after midhumeral block, Anesth Analg, 93, 771, 10.1097/00000539-200109000-00043 Casati, 2000, Small dose clonidine prolongs postoperative analgesia after sciatic-femoral nerve block with 0.75% ropivacaine for foot surgery, Anesth Analg, 91, 388 Reuben, 1999, Intravenous regional anesthesia using lidocaine and clonidine, Anesthesiology, 91, 654, 10.1097/00000542-199909000-00015 Culebras, 2001, Clonidine combined with long acting local anesthetic does not prolong postoperative analgesia after brachial plexus block but does induce hemodynamic changes, Anesth Analg, 92, 199, 10.1097/00000539-200101000-00038 Reinhart, 1996, Postoperative analgesia after peripheral nerve block for podiatric surgery: Clinical efficacy and chemical stability of lidocaine alone versus lidocaine plus clonidine, Anesth Analg, 83, 760, 10.1213/00000539-199610000-00018 McCartney, 2003, Small dose ketamine 0.5 mg/Kg produces a peripheral preventive analgesic effect when added to interscalene block for major shoulder surgery, ASRA, A4 Klein, 2002, Regional Anesthesia in ambulatory surgical patients, Best Pract Res Clin Anesthesiol, 16, 2 Chung, 1997, Postoperative pain in ambulatory surgery, Anesth Analg, 85, 808, 10.1213/00000539-199710000-00017 Beauregard, 1998, Severity and impact of pain after day surgery, Can J Anaesth, 45, 304, 10.1007/BF03012019 Klein, 2002, Ambulatory discharge after long acting peripheral nerve blockade: 2382 blocks with bupivacaine, Anesth Analg, 94, 65, 10.1213/00000539-200201000-00012 Grant, 2001, Continuous peripheral nerve block for ambulatory surgery, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 26, 209, 10.1097/00115550-200105000-00003 Ganapathy, 2000, Elastomeric pumps for ambulatory patient controlled regional analgesia, Can J Anesth, 47, 897, 10.1007/BF03019672 Ilfeld, 2003, Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block for postoperative pain control at home: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, Anesth Analg, 96, 1089, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000049824.51036.EF Ilfeld, 2002, Continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block for postoperative pain control at home: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, Anesthesiology, 97, 959, 10.1097/00000542-200210000-00031 Enneking, 2002, Major surgery in the ambulatory environment: Continuous catheters and home infusions, Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 16, 285, 10.1053/bean.2002.0243 Ilfeld, 2002, The delivery rate accuracy of portable infusion pumps used for continuous regional analgesia, Anesth Analg, 95, 1331, 10.1097/00000539-200211000-00043 Capdevila, 2003, Patient-controlled perineural analgesia after ambulatory orthopedic surgery: A comparison of electronic versus elastomeric pumps, Anesth Analg, 96, 414, 10.1213/00000539-200302000-00022 Singelyn, 2001, Extended femoral nerve sheath block after total hip arthroplasty: Continuous versus patient-controlled techniques, Anesth Analg, 92, 455, 10.1213/00000539-200102000-00033 Borgeat, 2001, Patient controlled interscalene analgesia with ropivacaine 0.2% versus Bupivacaine 0.15% after major open shoulder surgery: The effects on hand motor function, Anesth Analg, 92, 218, 10.1097/00000539-200101000-00042 Fanelli, 1999, Nerve stimulator and multiple injection technique for upper and lower limb blockade: Failure rate, patient acceptance, and neurologic complications, Anesth Analg, 88, 847, 10.1213/00000539-199904000-00031 Casati, 2001, The effects of single or multiple injections on the volume of 0.5% ropivacaine required for femoral nerve blockade, Anesth Analg, 93, 183, 10.1097/00000539-200107000-00036 Pham-Dang, 2003, Continuous peripheral nerve blocks with stimulating catheters, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 28, 82, 10.1097/00115550-200303000-00002 Salinas, 2003, Location, location, location: Continuous peripheral nerve blocks and stimulating catheters, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 28, 79 Klein, 2003, 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue for the fixation of continuous peripheral nerve catheters, Anesthesiology, 98, 590, 10.1097/00000542-200302000-00049 Sandhu, 2002, Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block, Br J Anaesth, 89, 254, 10.1093/bja/aef186 De Andres, 2002, Ultrasound in the practice of brachial plexus anesthesia, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 27, 77, 10.1097/00115550-200201000-00014 Ootaki, 2000, Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block: An alternative technique to anatomical landmark-guided approaches, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 25, 600 Marhofer, 1997, Ultrasonographic guidance improves sensory block and onset time of three-in-one blocks, Anesth Analg, 85, 854, 10.1213/00000539-199710000-00026 Marhofer, 1998, Ultrasonographic guidance reduces the amount of local anesthetic for 3-in-1 blocks, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 23, 584 Nielsen, 2002, Outcome after regional anesthesia in the ambulatory setting-Is it really worth it?, Best Pract Res Clin Anesthesiol, 16, 145, 10.1053/bean.2002.0244 Grant, 2002, Holy Grail: Long-acting local anesthetics and liposomes, Best Pract Res Clin Anesthesiol, 16, 345, 10.1053/bean.2002.0242 McCarthy, 2002, The antinociceptive and histologic effect of sciatic nerve blocks with 5% butamben suspension in rats, Anesth Analg, 95, 711, 10.1097/00000539-200203000-00043 Galvez-Mugica, 2001, Ulnar nerve block induced by the new local anesthetic IQB-9302 in health volunteers: A comparison with bupivacaine, Anesth Analg, 93, 1316, 10.1097/00000539-200111000-00058