American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(5th ed.). Author. doi: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
Anderson, 2017, Internet use and Problematic Internet Use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood, International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22, 430, 10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716
Andreassen, 2015, The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale, reliability and validity of a brief screening test, Frontiers in Psychology, 6
Andreassen, 2016, The relationship between technological addictions and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30, 252, 10.1037/adb0000160
Andreassen, 2018, The Development and Validation of the Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction with a Large National Sample, Frontiers in Psychology, 9
Beck Lichtenstein, 2016, Exercise addiction in CrossFit: Prevalence and psychometric properties of the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Addictive Behaviors Reports, 3, 33, 10.1016/j.abrep.2016.02.002
Beck Lichtenstein, 2017, Is exercise addiction in fitness centers a socially accepted behavior?, Addictive Behaviors Reports, 6, 102, 10.1016/j.abrep.2017.09.002
Borsboom, 2013, Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology, Annual review of clinical psychology, 9, 91, 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608
Brand, 2016, Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033
Brand, 2019, The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032
Brown, 2021, Problematic internet use: The effect of comorbid psychopathology on treatment outcomes, Psychiatry Research, 298, 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113789
Burleigh, 2019, A Systematic Review of the Co-occurrence of Gaming Disorder and Other Potentially Addictive Behaviors, Current Addiction Reports, 6, 383, 10.1007/s40429-019-00279-7
Carnes, 1983, Out of the Shadows: Understanding Sexual Addiction, CompCare.
Christensen, 2020, A Psychometric Network Perspective on the Validity and Validation of Personality Trait Questionnaires, European Journal of Personality, 34, 1095, 10.1002/per.2265
Cocco, 1998, Psychometric Properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test in Psychiatric Outpatients, Psychological Assessment, 10, 408, 10.1037/1040-3590.10.4.408
Delfabbro, 2020, Gaming-gambling convergence: Evaluating evidence for the ‘gateway’ hypothesis, International Gambling Studies, 20, 380, 10.1080/14459795.2020.1768430
Demetrovics, 2012, Behavioral addictions: Past, present and future, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 1, 1, 10.1556/JBA.1.2012.1.0
Epskamp, 2018, Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper, Behavior Research Methods, 50, 195, 10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1
Estévez, 2017, Attachment and emotion regulation in substance addictions and behavioral addictions, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6, 534, 10.1556/2006.6.2017.086
Etter, 2003, A Self-Administered Questionnaire to Measure Dependence on Cigarettes: The Cigarette Dependence Scale, Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 359, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300030
Farré, 2015, Sex addiction and gambling disorder: similarities and differences, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 56, 59, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.002
Fleming, 1991, The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in a College Sample, The International Journal of the Addictions, 26, 1173, 10.3109/10826089109062153
Forbes, 2021, Quantifying the Reliability and Replicability of Psychopathology Networks Characteristics, Multivariate Behavioral Research, 56, 224, 10.1080/00273171.2019.1616526
Ford, 2020, Problem gambling, associations with comorbid health conditions, substance use, and behavioural addictions: Opportunities for pathways to treatment, PLoS ONE, 15, 10.1371/journal.pone.0227644
Fried, 2017, Mental disorders as networks of problems: A review of recent insights, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52, 1, 10.1007/s00127-016-1319-z
Fuss, 2019, Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8, 242, 10.1556/2006.8.2019.23
Golino, 2021, EGAnet: Exploratory Graph Analysis – A framework for estimating the number of dimensions in multivariate data using network psychometrics, R package.
Golino, 2020, Entropy fit indices: New fit measures for assessing the structure and dimensionality of multiple latent variables, Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1–29
González-Cabrera, 2020, Design and Measurement Properties of the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) in Spanish Adolescents. Journal of, Clinical Medicine, 9
Griffiths, 1995
Griffiths, 1996, Behavioural addiction: An issue for everybody?, Employee Councelling Today, 8, 19, 10.1108/13665629610116872
Griffiths, 2005, A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework, Journal of Substance Use, 10, 191, 10.1080/14659890500114359
Griffiths, 2017, Behavioural addiction and substance addiction should be defined by their similarities not their dissimilarities, Addiction, 112, 1716, 10.1111/add.13828
Haylett, 2004, Covariation in addictive behaviours: A study of addictive orientations using the Shroter PROMIS Questionnaire, Addictive Behaviors, 29, 61, 10.1016/S0306-4603(03)00083-2
Hevey, 2018, Network analysis: A brief overview and tutorial, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 6, 301, 10.1080/21642850.2018.1521283
JASP Team. (2020). JASP (Version 0.14.1) Computer Software. https://jastp-stats.org.
Kardefelt-Winther, 2017, How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours?, Addiction, 112, 1709, 10.1111/add.13763
Kendler, 2020, A topography of 21 phobic fears: Network analysis in an epidemiological sample of adult twins, Psychological Medicine, 1–8
Kim, 2021, A systematic review of addiction substitution in recovery: Clinical lore or empirically-based? Clinical Psychology Review, Epub ahead of print, PMID, 34536796
Kircaburun, 2020, A brief psychological overview of disordered gaming, Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 38, 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.004
Krueger, 2016, Diagnosis of hypersexual or compulsive sexual behavior can be made using ICD-10 and DSM-5 despite rejection of this diagnosis by the American Psychiatric Association, Addiction, 111, 2107, 10.1111/add.13366
Lee, 2018, Smoking, ADHD, and problematic video game use: A structural modelling approach, Cyberpshychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 00, 281, 10.1089/cyber.2017.0429
Lorains, 2011, Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem and pathological gambling: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys, Addiction, 106, 490, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x
Martin, 2013, Disordered gambling and co-morbidity of psychiatric disorders among college students: An examination of problem drinking, anxiety and depression, Journal of Gambling Studies, 30, 321, 10.1007/s10899-013-9367-8
Martin, 2013, Psychometric properties of the functions and addictive features scales of the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory: A preliminary investigation using a university sample, Psychological assessment, 25, 10.1037/a0032575
Mérelle, 2017, Which health-related problems are associated with problematic video-gaming or social media use in adolescents? A large-scale cross-sectional study, Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14, 9
Montag, 2015, Is it meaningful to distinguish between generalized and specific Internet addiction? Evidence from a cross-cultural study from Germany, Sweden, Taiwan and China. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 7, 20, 10.1111/appy.12122
Montag, 2021, How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of Internet use disorders and what to do with “smartphone addiction”?, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 15, 908, 10.1556/2006.8.2019.59
Montiel, 2021, Problematic online gambling among adolescents: A systematic review about prevalence and related measurement issues, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10, 566, 10.1556/2006.2021.00055
Müller, 2015, Risk for exercise, dependence, eating disorder pathology, alcohol use disorder and addictive behaviors among clients of fitness centres, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4, 273, 10.1556/2006.4.2015.044
Müller, 2017, The 2D: 4D marker and different forms of internet use disorder, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 213, 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00213
Müller, 2017, The Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Alcohol Consumption is Influenced by the Smoking Status in Male Online Video Gamers, Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14, 34
Müller, 2021, Proposed diagnostic criteria for compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A Delphi expert consensus study, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10, 208, 10.1556/2006.2021.00013
Nkansah-Amankra, 2020, Revisiting the Association Between “Gateway Hypothesis of Early Drug Use and Drug Use Progression: A Cohort Analysis of Peer Influences on Drug Use Progression Among a Population Cohort, Substance Use & Misuse, 55, 998, 10.1080/10826084.2020.1720245
Ostovar, 2021, Internet addiction and maladaptive schemas: The potential role of disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy/performance, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 1–16
Pastor-Satorras, 2001, Epidemic spreading in scale-free networks, Physical Review Letters, 86, 3200, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3200
Petry, 2018, Behavioral Addictions as Mental Disorders: To Be or Not to Be?, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 14, 399, 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045120
Pontes, 2016, The development and psychometric properties of the Internet Disorder Scale – Short Form (IDS9-SF), Addicta: the Turkish Journal of Addictions, 3
Pontes, 2018, Beyond “Facebook Addiction”: The Role of Cognitive-Related Factors and Psychiatric Distress in Social Networking Site Addiction, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21, 240, 10.1089/cyber.2017.0609
Pontes, 2021, Measurement and conceptualizatio of Gaming Disorder according to the World Health Organization framework: The development of the Gaming Disorder Test, International Journal of Mental Health and Additction, 19, 508, 10.1007/s11469-019-00088-z
Robinaugh, 2016, Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 747, 10.1037/abn0000181
Rodrigues, 2019, Network Centrality: An Introduction, 177
Rozgonjuk, 2020, Associations between symptoms of problematic smartphone, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram use: An item-level exploratory graph analysis perspective, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9, 686, 10.1556/2006.2020.00036
Rozgonjuk, 2021, Problematic Online Behaviors Among Gamers: The Links Between Problematic Gaming, Gambling, Shopping, Pornography Use, and Social Networking, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1
Schivinski, 2020, Exploring the Role of Social Media Use Motives, Psychological Well-Being, Self-Esteem, and Affect in Problematic Social Media Use, Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 617140, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617140
Sixto-Costoya, 2021, Global scientific production regarding behavioral addictions: An analysis of the literature from 1995 to 2019, Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100371
Skinner, 1982, The Drug Abuse Screening Test, Addictive Behaviors, 7, 363, 10.1016/0306-4603(82)90005-3
Stavropoulos, V., Alexandraki, K., Motti-Stefanidi, F. (2013). Recognizing internet addiction: Prevalence and relationship to academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in urban and rural Greek high schools. Journal of Adolescence, 2013, 36(3), 565-576. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.03.008.
Stavropoulos, 2017, The longitudinal association between anxiety and Internet addiction in adolescence: The moderating effect of classroom extraversion, Journal of Behavioural Addictions, 6, 237, 10.1556/2006.6.2017.026
Stavropoulos, 2019, Internet Gaming Disorder: A Pathway Towards Assessment Consensus, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1822, 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01822
Szabo, 2018, Drug, nicotine, and alcohol use among exercisers: Does substance addiction co-occur with exercise addiction?, Addictive Behaviors Reports, 7, 26, 10.1016/j.abrep.2017.12.001
Tang, 2020, Gambling disorder and comorbid behavioral addictions: Demographic, clinical, and personality correlates, Psychiatry Research, 284, 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112763
Terry, 2004, The Exercise Addiction Inventory: A New Brief Screening Tool, Addiction Research & Theory, 12, 489, 10.1080/16066350310001637363
Trot, 2020, A comparative meta-analysis of the prevalence of exercise addiction in adults with and without indicated eating disorders. Eating and Weight Disorders – Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 26, 37
Van Borkulo, 2015, JAMA Psychiatry, 72, 1219, 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2079
Van Buuren, 2011, mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R, Journal of Statistical Software, 45, 1
Van Rooij, 2017, Internet Gaming Disorder as a formative construct: Implications for conceptualization and measurement, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 71, 445, 10.1111/pcn.12404
Vanzhula, 2021, Perfectionism and Difficulty Controlling Thoughts Bridge Eating Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms: A Network Analysis, Journal of Affective Disorders, 283, 302, 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.083
West, 2013
Wong, 2012, Behavioral Addictions: Where to Draw the Lines?, Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 35, 279, 10.1016/j.psc.2012.03.001
World Health Organization (2021). ICD-11 International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. Retrieved on 22/12/2021 by https://icd.who.int/en#:∼:text=ICD%2D11,Diseases%2011th%20Revision.
Xu, 2020, The Nucleus Accumbens: A Common Target in the Comorbidity of Depression and Addiction, Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 14, 10.3389/fncir.2020.00037
Yang, 2016, A Comparative Analysis of Community Detection Algorithms on Artificial Networks, Scientific Reports, 6