Unraveling galectin-1 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer

Barondes, 1994, Galectins. Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 20807, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31891-4

Cooper, 2002, Galectinomics: finding themes in complexity, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1572, 209, 10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00310-0

Liu, 2005, Galectins as modulators of tumor progression, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 5, 29, 10.1038/nrc1527

Hirabayashi, 2002, Oligosaccharide specificity of galectins: a search by frontal affinity chromatography, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1572, 232, 10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00311-2

Stowell, 2008, Galectin-1, -2, and -3 exhibit differential recognition of sialylated glycans and blood group antigens, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 10109, 10.1074/jbc.M709545200

Ideo, 2011, Galectin-8-N-domain recognition mechanism for sialylated and sulfated glycans, J. Biol. Chem., 286, 11346, 10.1074/jbc.M110.195925

Rabinovich, 2009, Turning ‘sweet’ on immunity: galectin-glycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 9, 338, 10.1038/nri2536

Ils, 1991, Identification of an autocrine negative growth factor: mouse b-galactoside-binding protein is a cytostatic factor and cell growth regulator, Cell, 64, 91, 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90211-G

Adams, 1996, Biphasic modulation of cell growth by recombinant human galectin-1, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1312, 137, 10.1016/0167-4889(96)00031-6

Yang, 1996, Expression of galectin-3 modulates T cell growth and apoptosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 6737, 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6737

Poirier, 1992, Expression of the L14 lectin during mouse embryogenesis suggests multiple roles during pre and post-implantation development, Development, 115, 143, 10.1242/dev.115.1.143

Colnot, 1998, Embryonic implantation in galectin-1/galectin-3 double mutant mice, Dev. Dyn., 211, 306, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(199804)211:4<306::AID-AJA2>3.0.CO;2-L

Matarrese, 2005, Galectin-1 sensitizes resting human T lymphocytes to Fas (CD95)-mediated cell death via mitochondrial hyperpolarization, budding, and fission, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 6969, 10.1074/jbc.M409752200

Thijssen, 2006, Galectin-1 is essential in tumor angiogenesis and is a target for antiangiogenesis therapy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 15975, 10.1073/pnas.0603883103

Masoura, 2012, Biomarkers in pre-eclampsia: a novel approach to early detection of the disease, J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 32, 609, 10.3109/01443615.2012.709290

de la Fuente, 2012, Immunoregulatory molecules are master regulators of inflammation during the immune response, FEBS Lett., 586, 2897, 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.032

Wada, 2001, Galectins, galactoside-binding mammalian lectins: clinical application of multi-functional proteins, Acta Med. Okayama, 55, 11

Cooper, 1990, Evidence for export of a muscle lectin from cytosol to extracellular matrix and for a novel secretory mechanism, J. Cell Biol., 110, 1681, 10.1083/jcb.110.5.1681

Liu, 2002, Intracellular functions of galectins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1572, 263, 10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00313-6

van den Brûle, 2004, Expression of galectins in cancer: a critical review, Glycoconj. J., 19, 537, 10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014083.48508.6a

Camby, 2006, Galectin-1: a small protein with major functions, Glycobiology, 16, 137R, 10.1093/glycob/cwl025

Chiariotti, 2004, Galectin genes: regulation of expression, Glycoconj. J., 19, 441, 10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014073.23096.3a

Benvenuto, 1996, Cell-specific transcriptional regulation and reactivation of galectin-1 gene expression are controlled by DNA methylation of the promoter region, Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 2736, 10.1128/MCB.16.6.2736

Zhao, 2010, Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates expression of galectin-1: the potential role in migration/invasion of colorectal cancer cells, Carcinogenesis, 31, 1367, 10.1093/carcin/bgq116

Toscano, 2011, Nuclear factor (NF)-κB controls expression of the immunoregulatory glycan-binding protein galectin-1, Mol. Immunol., 48, 1940, 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.05.021

Croci, 2012, Disrupting galectin-1 interactions with N-glycans suppresses hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in Kaposi’s sarcoma, J. Exp. Med., 209, 1985, 10.1084/jem.20111665

Juszczynski, 2007, The AP1-dependent secretion of galectin-1 by Reed Sternberg cells fosters immune privilege in classical Hodgkin lymphoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 13134, 10.1073/pnas.0706017104

Zhao, 2011, Synergistic induction of galectin-1 by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and its role in differentiation of acute myeloid leukemic cells, J. Biol. Chem., 286, 36808, 10.1074/jbc.M111.247262

Leffler, 2004, Introduction to galectins, Glycoconj. J., 19, 433, 10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014072.34840.04

Yang, 2008, Galectins: structure, function and therapeutic potential, Expert Rev. Mol. Med., 10, e17, 10.1017/S1462399408000719

Paz, 2001, Galectin-1 binds oncogenic H-Ras to mediate Ras membrane anchorage and cell transformation, Oncogene, 20, 7486, 10.1038/sj.onc.1204950

Van den Brüle, 2003, Galectin-1 accumulation in the ovary carcinoma peritumoral stroma is induced by ovary carcinoma cells and affects both cancer cell proliferation and adhesion to laminin-1 and fibronectin, Lab. Invest., 83, 377, 10.1097/01.LAB.0000059949.01480.40

Thijssen, 2010, Tumor cells secrete galectin-1 to enhance endothelial cell activity, Cancer Res., 70, 6216, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-4150

Jung, 2008, Role of galectin-1 in migration and invasion of human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines, J. Neurosurg., 109, 273, 10.3171/JNS/2008/109/8/0273

Hsieh, 2008, Galectin-1, a novel ligand of neuropilin-1, activates VEGFR-2 signaling and modulates the migration of vascular endothelial cells, Oncogene, 27, 3746, 10.1038/sj.onc.1211029

Wu, 2009, Galectin-1-mediated tumor invasion and metastasis, up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase expression, and reorganized actin cytoskeletons, Mol. Cancer Res., 7, 311, 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0297

Camby, 2002, Galectin-1 modulates human glioblastoma cell migration into the brain through modifications to the actin cytoskeleton and levels of expression of small GTPases, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 61, 585, 10.1093/jnen/61.7.585

Dalotto-Moreno, 2013, Targeting galectin-1 overcomes breast cancer associated immunosuppression and prevents metastatic disease, Cancer Res., 73, 1107, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2418

Salatino, 2008, Galectin-1 as a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune disorders and cancer, Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 8, 45, 10.1517/14712598.8.1.45

Cho, 1995, Galectin-1, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin in Chinese hamster ovary cells. I. Physical and chemical characterization, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 5198, 10.1074/jbc.270.10.5198

Hirabayashi, 1991, Effect of amino acid substitution by sited-directed mutagenesis on the carbohydrate recognition and stability of human 14-kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 23648, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54333-7

Inagaki, 2000, Oxidized galectin-1 promotes axonal regeneration in peripheral nerves but does not possess lectin properties, Eur. J. Biochem., 267, 2955, 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2000.01311.x

Horie, 2004, Galectin-1 plays essential roles in adult mammalian nervous tissues. Roles of oxidized galectin-1, Glycoconj. J., 19, 479, 10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014077.84016.52

Kadoya, 2005, Structural and functional studies of galectin-1: a novel axonal regeneration-promoting activity for oxidized galectin-1, Curr. Drug Targets, 6, 375, 10.2174/1389450054022007

Pande, 2003, Oxidation of goat hepatic galectin-1 induces change in secondary structure, Protein Pept. Lett., 10, 265, 10.2174/0929866033478960

Stowell, 2009, Ligand reduces galectin-1 sensitivity to oxidative inactivation by enhancing dimer formation, J. Biol. Chem., 284, 4989, 10.1074/jbc.M808925200

Clerch, 1988, Sequence of a full-length cDNA for rat lung beta-galactoside-binding protein: primary and secondary structure of the lectin, Biochemistry, 27, 692, 10.1021/bi00402a030

Hughes, 1999, Secretion of the galectin family of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1473, 172, 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00177-4

Satelli, 2008, Varied expression and localization of multiple galectins in different cancer cell lines, Oncol. Rep., 19, 587

Seelenmeyer, 2005, Cell surface counter receptors are essential components of the unconventional export machinery of galectin-1, J. Cell Biol., 171, 373, 10.1083/jcb.200506026

Cho, 1995, Galectin-1, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin in Chinese hamster ovary cells. II. Localization and biosynthesis, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 5207, 10.1074/jbc.270.10.5207

Moutsatsos, 1987, Endogenous lectins from cultured cells: nuclear localization of carbohydrate-binding protein 35 in proliferating 3T3 fibroblasts, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 6452, 10.1073/pnas.84.18.6452

Thijssen, 2008, The galectin profile of the endothelium: altered expression and localization in activated and tumor endothelial cells, Am. J. Pathol., 172, 545, 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070938

Roda, 2009, Galectin-1 is a novel functional receptor for tissue plasminogen activator in pancreatic cancer, Gastroenterology, 136, 1379, 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.039

Elola, 2007, Galectins: matricellular glycan-binding proteins linking cell adhesion, migration, and survival, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 64, 1679, 10.1007/s00018-007-7044-8

Koopmans, 2012, The involvement of Galectins in the modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway in myeloproliferative neoplasia, Am. J. Blood Res., 2, 119

Kim, 2013, Galectin 1 expression is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in stage IB to IIA cervical cancer, Hum. Pathol., 44, 62, 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.04.010

Sanjuán, 1997, Differential expression of galectin 3 and galectin 1 in colorectal cancer progression, Gastroenterology, 113, 1906, 10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70010-6

Moiseeva, 2000, Galectin 1 is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, Cardiovasc. Res., 45, 493, 10.1016/S0008-6363(99)00276-X

Moiseeva, 1999, Galectin-1 modulates attachment, spreading and migration of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells via interactions with cellular receptors and components of extracellular matrix, J. Vasc. Res., 36, 47, 10.1159/000025625

van den Brûle, 1995, Galectin-1 modulates human melanoma cell adhesion to laminin, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 209, 760, 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1564

Martinez, 2004, Galectin-1, a cell adhesion modulator, induces apoptosis of rat Leydig cells in vitro, Glycobiology, 14, 127, 10.1093/glycob/cwh025

Tinari, 2001, Glycoprotein 90K/MAC-2BP interacts with galectin-1 and mediates galectin-1-induced cell aggregation, Int. J. Cancer, 91, 167, 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1022>3.3.CO;2-Q

Glinsky, 2000, Effects of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen-specific peptide P-30 on beta-galactoside-mediated homotypic aggregation and adhesion to the endothelium of MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells, Cancer Res., 60, 2584

Ito, 2012, Inhibiting galectin-1 reduces murine lung metastasis with increased CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and reduced cancer cell adherence, Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 29, 561, 10.1007/s10585-012-9471-7

Klingbeil, 2009, CD44 variant isoforms promote metastasis formation by a tumor cell-matrix cross-talk that supports adhesion and apoptosis resistance, Mol. Cancer Res., 7, 168, 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0207

Baeuerle, 2007, EpCAM (CD326) finding its role in cancer, Br. J. Cancer, 96, 417, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603494

Moiseeva, 2003, Galectin-1 interacts with beta-1 subunit of integrin, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 310, 1010, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.112

Gu, 1994, Selective modulation of the interaction of alpha 7 beta 1 integrin with fibronectin and laminin by L-14 lectin during skeletal muscle differentiation, J. Cell Sci., 107, 175, 10.1242/jcs.107.1.175

Kopitz, 1998, Galectin-1 is a major receptor for ganglioside GM1, a product of the growth-controlling activity of a cell surface ganglioside sialidase, on human neuroblastoma cells in culture, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 11205, 10.1074/jbc.273.18.11205

Kopitz, 2001, Negative regulation of neuroblastoma cell growth by carbohydrate-dependent surface binding of galectin-1 and functional divergence from galectin-3, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 35917, 10.1074/jbc.M105135200

Jouve, 2013, The Involvement of CD146 and its novel ligand galectin-1 in apoptotic regulation of endothelial cells, J. Biol. Chem., 288, 2571, 10.1074/jbc.M112.418848

Fischer, 2005, Galectin-1 interacts with the α5β1 fibronectin receptor to restrict carcinoma cell growth via induction of p21 and p27, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 37266, 10.1074/jbc.M411580200

Sanchez-Ruderisch, 2011, Galectin-1 sensitizes carcinoma cells to anoikis via the fibronectin receptor α5β1-integrin, Cell Death Differ., 18, 806, 10.1038/cdd.2010.148

Ellis, 2006, The role of neuropilins in cancer, Mol. Cancer Ther., 5, 1099, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0538

Guttmann-Raviv, 2006, The neuropilins and their role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, Cancer Lett., 231, 1, 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.12.047

Ose, 2012, Galectin-1 and galectin-3 mediate protocadherin-24-dependent membrane localization of β-catenin in colon cancer cell line HCT116, Curr. Chem. Genomics, 6, 18, 10.2174/1875397301206010018

Park, 2001, Association of galectin-1 and galectin-3 with Gemin4 in complexes containing the SMN protein, Nucleic Acids Res., 29, 3595, 10.1093/nar/29.17.3595

Prior, 2003, Direct visualization of Ras proteins in spatially distinct cell surface microdomains, J. Cell. Biol., 160, 165, 10.1083/jcb.200209091

Patterson, 2004, Understanding the biochemical activities of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in the nucleus, Glycoconj. J., 19, 499, 10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014079.87862.c7

Vyakarnam, 1997, Evidence for a role for galectin-1 in pre-mRNA splicing, Mol. Cell. Biol., 17, 4730, 10.1128/MCB.17.8.4730

Barrow, 2011, The role of galectins in colorectal cancer progression, Int. J. Cancer, 129, 1, 10.1002/ijc.25945

Szoke, 2005, Prognostic significance of endogenous adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins in lung cancer, Oncology, 69, 167, 10.1159/000087841

Saussez, 2007, Galectins as modulators of tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, Head Neck, 29, 874, 10.1002/hed.20559

Chow, 2010, Analysis of protein profiles in human epithelial ovarian cancer tissues by proteomic technology, Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol., 31, 55

Laderach, 2013, A unique galectin signature in human prostate cancer progression suggests galectin-1 as a key target for treatment of advanced disease, Cancer Res., 73, 86, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1260

Rorive, 2001, Galectin-1 is highly expressed in human gliomas with relevance for modulation of invasion of tumor astrocytes into the brain parenchyma, Glia, 33, 241, 10.1002/1098-1136(200103)33:3<241::AID-GLIA1023>3.0.CO;2-1

D’Haene, 2005, The differential expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in normal lymphoid tissue and non-Hodgkins and Hodgkins lymphomas, Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol., 18, 431, 10.1177/039463200501800304

Demydenko, 2009, Expression of galectin-1 in malignant tumors, Exp. Oncol., 31, 74

Watanabe, 2011, Clinical significance of circulating galectins as colorectal cancer markers, Oncology Reports, 25, 1217

Saussez, 2008, The determination of the levels of circulating galectin-1 and -3 in HNSCC patients could be used to monitor tumor progression and/or responses to therapy, Oral Oncology, 44, 86, 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.12.014

Nagy, 2003, Refined prognostic evaluation in colon carcinoma using immunohistochemical galectin fingerprinting, Cancer, 97, 1849, 10.1002/cncr.11268

Chung, 2008, Proteomic analysis to identify biomarker proteins in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ANZ J. Surg., 78, 245, 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2008.04429.x

Langbein, 2007, Gene-expression signature of adhesion/growth-regulatory tissue lectins (galectins) in transitional cell cancer and its prognostic relevance, Histopathology, 51, 681, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02852.x

Chen, 2013, Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of galectin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in gastric cancer, World J. Gastroenterol., 19, 2073, 10.3748/wjg.v19.i13.2073

Puchades, 2007, Proteomic investigation of glioblastoma cell lines treated with wild-type p53 and cytotoxic chemotherapy demonstrates an association between galectin-1 and p53 expression, J. Proteome Res., 6, 869, 10.1021/pr060302l

Jung, 2007, Galectin-1 expression in cancer-associated stromal cells correlates tumor invasiveness and tumor progression in breast cancer, Int. J. Cancer, 120, 2331, 10.1002/ijc.22434

Downward, 2003, Signalling pathways in cancer therapy, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 3, 11, 10.1038/nrc969

Rotblat, 2004, Galectin-1(L11A) predicted from a computed galectin-1 farnesyl-binding pocket selectively inhibits Ras-GTP, Cancer Res., 64, 3112, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0026

Elad-Sfadia, 2002, Galectin-1 augments Ras activation and diverts Ras signals to Raf-1 at the expense of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 37169, 10.1074/jbc.M205698200

Huang, 2012, A novel radioresistant mechanism of galectin-1 mediated by H-Ras-dependent pathways in cervical cancer cells, Cell Death Dis., 3, e251, 10.1038/cddis.2011.120

Rotblat, 2010, H-Ras nanocluster stability regulates the magnitude of MAPK signal output, PLoS One, 5, e11991, 10.1371/journal.pone.0011991

Wells, 1999, Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by β galactoside binding protein (βGBP) in human mammary cancer cells. A potential new approach to cancer control, Eur. J. Cancer, 35, 978, 10.1016/S0959-8049(99)00020-9

Jeschke, 2006, Binding of galectin-1 (gal-1) to the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen on trophoblast cells and inhibition of proliferation of trophoblast tumor cells in vitro by gal-1 or an anti-TF antibody, Histochem. Cell Biol., 126, 437, 10.1007/s00418-006-0178-1

Banh, 2011, Tumor galectin-1 mediates tumor growth and metastasis through regulation of T-cell apoptosis, Cancer Res., 71, 4423, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4157

Kim, 2012, High galectin-1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and is involved in epithelial ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion, Eur. J. Cancer, 48, 1914, 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.02.005

Xue, 2011, Galectin-1 secreted by activated stellate cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma stroma promotes proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells: an in vitro study on the microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Pancreas, 40, 832, 10.1097/MPA.0b013e318217945e

Yamaoka, 2000, Expression of galectin-1 mRNA correlates with the malignant potential of human gliomas and expression of antisense galectin-1 inhibits the growth of 9 glioma cells, J. Neurosci. Res., 59, 722, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000315)59:6<722::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-H

Chung, 2012, Galectin-1 promotes lung cancer progression and chemoresistance by upregulating p38 MAPK, ERK, and cyclooxygenase-2, Clin. Cancer Res., 18, 4037, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-3348

Wu, 2011, Targeting galectin-1 in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by downregulating MCP-1/CCL2 expression, Clin. Cancer Res., 17, 1306, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1824

Li, 2010, Effect of ex vivo-expanded γδ-T cells combined with galectin-1 antibody on the growth of human cervical cancer xenografts in SCID mice, Clin. Invest. Med., 33, E280, 10.25011/cim.v33i5.14353

Rubinstein, 2004, Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gene expression in tumor cells results in heightened T cell-mediated rejection; a potential mechanism of tumor-immune privilege, Cancer Cell, 5, 241, 10.1016/S1535-6108(04)00024-8

Ito, 2011, Thiodigalactoside inhibits murine cancers by concurrently blocking effects of galectin-1 on immune dysregulation, angiogenesis and protection against oxidative stress, Angiogenesis, 14, 293, 10.1007/s10456-011-9213-5

Spano, 2010, Galectin-1 and its involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness, Mol. Med., 16, 102, 10.2119/molmed.2009.00119

Al-Mehdi, 2000, Intravascular origin of metastasis from the proliferation of endothelium-attached tumor cells: a new model for metastasis, Nat. Med., 6, 100, 10.1038/71429

Ellerhorst, 1999, Differential expression of endogenous galectin-1 and galectin-3 in human prostate cancer cell lines and effects of overexpressing galectin-1 on cell phenotype, Int. J. Oncol., 14, 217

Clausse, 1999, Galectin-1 expression in prostate tumor-associated capillary endothelial cells is increased by prostate carcinoma cells and modulates heterotypic cell-cell adhesion, Angiogenesis, 3, 317, 10.1023/A:1026584523789

Camby, 2001, Galectins are differentially expressed in supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas, astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, and significantly modulate tumor astrocyte migration, Brain Pathol., 11, 12, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2001.tb00377.x

Toussaint, 2012, Galectin-1, a gene preferentially expressed at the tumor margin, promotes glioblastoma cell invasion, Mol. Cancer, 11, 32, 10.1186/1476-4598-11-32

Chiang, 2008, Overexpression of galectin-1 at the tumor invasion front is associated with poor prognosis in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma, Oral Oncol., 44, 325, 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.03.004

Fortin, 2010, Galectin-1 is implicated in the protein kinase C epsilon/vimentin-controlled trafficking of integrin-beta1 in glioblastoma cells, Brain Pathol., 20, 39, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00227.x

Hsu, 2013, Galectin-1 promotes lung cancer tumor metastasis by potentiating integrin α6β4 and Notch1/Jagged2 signaling pathway, Carcinogenesis, Mar 8

Thiery, 2006, Complex networks orchestrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 7, 131, 10.1038/nrm1835

Griffioen, 2000, Angiogenesis: potentials for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation, Pharmacol. Rev., 52, 237

Le Mercier, 2008, Knocking down galectin 1 in human hs683 glioblastoma cells impairs both angiogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 67, 456, 10.1097/NEN.0b013e318170f892

Mathieu, 2012, Galectin-1 in melanoma biology and related neo-angiogenesis processes, J. Invest. Dermatol., 132, 2245, 10.1038/jid.2012.142

Semenza, 2007, Hypoxia and cancer, Cancer Metastasis Rev., 26, 223, 10.1007/s10555-007-9058-y

Le, 2005, Galectin-1: a link between tumor hypoxia and tumor immune privilege, J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 8932, 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.0206

Rabinovich, 2006, Synthetic lactulose amines: novel class of anticancer agents that induce tumor-cell apoptosis and inhibit galectin-mediated homotypic cell aggregation and endothelial cell morphogenesis, Glycobiology, 16, 210, 10.1093/glycob/cwj056

Iurisci, 2009, Synthetic inhibitors of galectin-1 and -3 selectively modulate homotypic cell aggregation and tumor cell apoptosis, Anticancer Res., 29, 403

Miller, 2009, Using pulse field gradient NMR diffusion measurements to define molecular size distributions in glycan preparations, Carbohydr. Res., 344, 1205, 10.1016/j.carres.2009.04.010

Miller, 2009, The alpha-galactomannan Davanat binds galectin-1 at a site different from the conventional galectin carbohydrate binding domain, Glycobiology, 19, 1034, 10.1093/glycob/cwp084

Miller, 2012, Structural features for α-galactomannan binding to galectin-1, Glycobiology, 22, 543, 10.1093/glycob/cwr173

A. Klyosov, E. Zomer, D. Platt. DAVANAT® (GM-CT-01) and colon cancer: preclinical and clinical (Phase I and II) studies, Glycobiol. Drug Design (2012) 89–130 (Chapter 4).

Delaine, 2008, Galectin-inhibitory thiodigalactoside ester derivatives have antimigratory effects in cultured lung and prostate cancer cells, J. Med. Chem., 51, 8109, 10.1021/jm801077j

Cumpstey, 2005, C2-symmetrical thiodigalactoside bis-benzamido derivatives as high affinity inhibitors of galectin-3: efficient lectin inhibition through double arginine-arene interactions, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 44, 5110, 10.1002/anie.200500627

Cumpstey, 2007, Studies of arginine-arene interactions through synthesis and evaluation of a series of galectin-binding aromatic lactose esters, Chembiochem, 8, 1389, 10.1002/cbic.200700040

Mayo, 1996, A recipe for designing water-soluble, beta-sheet-forming peptides, Protein Sci., 5, 1301, 10.1002/pro.5560050709

Griffioen, 2001, Anginex, a designed peptide that inhibits angiogenesis, Biochem. J., 354, 233, 10.1042/0264-6021:3540233

Van der Schaft, 2002, The designer anti-angiogenic peptide anginex targets tumor endothelial cells and inhibits tumor growth in animal models, FASEB J., 16, 1991, 10.1096/fj.02-0509fje

Brandwijk, 2006, Anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activity of recombinant anginex, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 349, 1073, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.154

Dings, 2005, Anginex synergizes with radiation therapy to inhibit tumor growth by radiosensitizing endothelial cells, Int. J. Cancer, 115, 312, 10.1002/ijc.20850

Dings, 2007, Scheduling of radiation with angiogenesis inhibitors anginex and avastin improves therapeutic outcome via vessel normalization, Clin. Cancer Res., 13, 3395, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2441

Griffin, 2012, Microbeam radiation therapy alters vascular architecture and tumor oxygenation and is enhanced by a galectin-1 targeted anti-angiogenic peptide, Radiat. Res., 177, 804, 10.1667/RR2784.1

Amano, 2007, Antiangiogenesis therapy using a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, anginex, following radiation causes tumor growth delay, Int. J. Clin. Oncol., 12, 42, 10.1007/s10147-006-0625-y

Dings, 2003, The designed angiostatic peptide anginex synergistically improves chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis therapy with angiostatin, Cancer Res., 63, 382

Dings, 2008, Ovarian tumor growth regression using a combination of vascular targeting agents anginex or topomimetic 0118 and the chemotherapeutic irofulven, Cancer Lett., 265, 270, 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.048

Dings, 2003, Beta-sheet is the bioactive conformation of the anti-angiogenic anginex peptide, Biochem. J., 373, 281, 10.1042/bj20030295

Dings, 2013, Structure-based optimization of angiostatic agent 6DBF7, an allosteric antagonist of galectin-1, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 344, 589, 10.1124/jpet.112.199646

Mayo, 2003, Design of a partial peptide mimetic of anginex with antiangiogenic and anticancer activity, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 45746, 10.1074/jbc.M308608200

Dings, 2012, Antitumor agent calixarene 0118 targets human galectin-1 as an allosteric inhibitor of carbohydrate binding, J. Med. Chem., 55, 5121, 10.1021/jm300014q

Dings, 2006, Design of nonpeptidic topomimetics of antiangiogenic proteins with antitumor activities, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 98, 932, 10.1093/jnci/djj247

R.P. Dings, J.I. Levine, S.G. Brown, et al. Polycationic calixarene PTX013, a potent cytotoxic agent against tumors and drug resistant cancer, Invest. New Drugs (2013) Epub ahead of print.

D. Richard, R.D. Cummings, Fu-Tong Liu. Chapter 33 Galectins. Essentials of Glycobiology. second ed., A. Varki, R.D. Cummings, J.D. Esko, et al., editors. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009.

Tribulatti, 2012, Redundant and antagonistic functions of galectin-1, -3, and -8 in the elicitation of T cell responses, J. Immunol., 188, 2991, 10.4049/jimmunol.1102182