Uniting niche differentiation and dispersal limitation predicts tropical forest succession

Muller-Landau, 2005, Seed dispersal of woody plants in tropical forests: concepts, examples and future directions, 267 Howe, 1982, Ecology of seed dispersal, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 13, 201, 10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001221 Arroyo-Rodríguez, 2017, Multiple successional pathways in human-modified tropical landscapes: new insights from forest succession, forest fragmentation and landscape ecology research, Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc., 92, 326, 10.1111/brv.12231 Clements, 1916 Tilman, 1990, Constraints and tradeoffs: toward a predictive theory of competition and succession, Oikos, 58, 3, 10.2307/3565355 Bazzaz, 1980, Physiological ecology of tropical succession: a comparative review, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 11, 287, 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.001443 Coomes, 2003, Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed-size variation within functional groups, Trends Ecol. Evol., 18, 283, 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00072-7 Rüger, 2020, Demographic trade-offs predict tropical forest dynamics, Science, 368, 165, 10.1126/science.aaz4797 Vellend, 2016 Food and Agriculture Organization. of the United Nations (FAO), 2015 Parry, 2007, Large-vertebrate assemblages of primary and secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon, J. Trop. Ecol., 23, 653, 10.1017/S0266467407004506 Palma, 2021, Dispersal and recruitment limitations in secondary forests, J. Veg. Sci., 32, 10.1111/jvs.12975 Chazdon, 2014 Werden, 2020, Effects of dispersal- and niche-based factors on tree recruitment in tropical wet forest restoration, Ecol. Appl., 30, 10.1002/eap.2139 Dent, 2013, Secondary forests of central Panama increase in similarity to old-growth forest over time in shade tolerance but not species composition, J. Veg. Sci., 24, 530, 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01482.x Schupp, 2019, Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal are diverse and pervasive, AoB Plants, 11, 10.1093/aobpla/plz067 Rogers, 2019, The total dispersal kernel: a review and future directions, AoB Plants, 11, 10.1093/aobpla/plz042 Zwolak, 2018, How intraspecific variation in seed-dispersing animals matters for plants, Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc., 93, 897, 10.1111/brv.12377 Clark, 2007, Are plant populations seed limited? A critique and meta-analysis of seed addition experiments, Am. Nat., 170, 128, 10.1086/518565 Zomer, 2016, Global tree cover and biomass carbon on agricultural land: the contribution of agroforestry to global and national carbon budgets, Sci. Rep., 6, 29987, 10.1038/srep29987 Mendenhall, 2016, Quantifying and sustaining biodiversity in tropical agricultural landscapes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 113, 14544, 10.1073/pnas.1604981113 Ghazoul, 2005, Pollen and seed dispersal among dispersed plants, Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc., 80, 413, 10.1017/S1464793105006731 Zambrano, 2014, Forest fragmentation alters the population dynamics of a late-successional tropical tree, Biotropica, 46, 556, 10.1111/btp.12144 Ingle, 2003, Seed dispersal by wind, birds, and bats between Philippine montane rainforest and successional vegetation, Oecologia, 134, 251, 10.1007/s00442-002-1081-7 Cubiña, 2001, The effect of distance from forest edge on seed rain and soil seed bank in a tropical pasture, Biotropica, 33, 260, 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00177.x Crouzeilles, 2016, Which landscape size best predicts the influence of forest cover on restoration success? A global meta-analysis on the scale of effect, J. Appl. Ecol., 53, 440, 10.1111/1365-2664.12590 Tarbox, 2018, Divergent rates of change between tree cover types in a tropical pastoral region, Landsc. Ecol., 33, 2153, 10.1007/s10980-018-0730-0 Blackham, 2013, Seed rain into a degraded tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, Biol. Conserv., 167, 215, 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.08.015 Holl, 1999, Factors limiting tropical rain forest regeneration in abandoned pasture: seed rain, seed germination, microclimate, and soil, Biotropica, 31, 229, 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1999.tb00135.x Piotto, 2019, Successional, spatial, and seasonal changes in seed rain in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil, PLoS One, 14, 10.1371/journal.pone.0226474 Martínez-Garza, 2009, Seed rain in a tropical agricultural landscape, J. Trop. Ecol., 25, 541, 10.1017/S0266467409990113 Reid, 2015, Seed dispersal limitations shift over time in tropical forest restoration, Ecol. Appl., 25, 1072, 10.1890/14-1399.1 Howe, 2010, Early seed fall and seedling emergence: precursors to tropical restoration, Oecologia, 164, 731, 10.1007/s00442-010-1669-2 Norden, 2009, Resilience of tropical rain forests: tree community reassembly in secondary forests, Ecol. Lett., 12, 385, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01292.x Martínez-Garza, 2013, Are functional traits good predictors of species performance in restoration plantings in tropical abandoned pastures?, For. Ecol. Manag., 303, 35, 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.046 Wright, 2005, Reproductive size thresholds in tropical trees: variation among individuals, species and forests, J. Trop. Ecol., 21, 307, 10.1017/S0266467405002294 Muscarella, 2007, The role of frugivorous bats in tropical forest succession, Biol. Rev., 82, 573, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00026.x Galindo-González, 2000, Bat- and bird-generated seed rains at isolated trees in pastures in a tropical rainforest, Conserv. Biol., 14, 1693 Caughlin, 2019, Demographic costs and benefits of natural regeneration during tropical forest restoration, Ecol. Lett., 22, 34, 10.1111/ele.13165 Zambrano, 2014, Effects of forest fragmentation on the recruitment success of the tropical tree Poulsenia armata at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico, J. Trop. Ecol., 30, 209, 10.1017/S0266467414000108 Corlett, 2017, Frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrates in tropical and subtropical Asia: an update, Glob. Ecol. Conserv., 11, 1, 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.04.007 Beltrán, 2020, The frailty of tropical restoration plantings, Restor. Ecol., 28, 16, 10.1111/rec.13066 Rehm, 2019, Animal movement drives variation in seed dispersal distance in a plant-animal network, Proc. Biol. Sci., 286, 20182007 Velho, 2012, Shifts in community structure of tropical trees and avian frugivores in forests recovering from past logging, Biol. Conserv., 153, 32, 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.04.028 Abedi-Lartey, 2016, Long-distance seed dispersal by straw-coloured fruit bats varies by season and landscape, Glob. Ecol. Conserv., 7, 12, 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.005 van Toor, 2019, Linking colony size with quantitative estimates of ecosystem services of African fruit bats, Curr. Biol., 29, R237, 10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.033 Carlo, 2016, Generalist birds promote tropical forest regeneration and increase plant diversity via rare-biased seed dispersal, Ecology, 97, 1819, 10.1890/15-2147.1 González-Castro, 2019, How does avian seed dispersal shape the structure of early successional tropical forests?, Funct. Ecol., 33, 229, 10.1111/1365-2435.13250 Gopal, 2020, Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India, Biotropica, 52, 871, 10.1111/btp.12810 Galetti, 2013, Functional extinction of birds drives rapid evolutionary changes in seed size, Science, 340, 1086, 10.1126/science.1233774 Dent, 2009, The future of tropical species in secondary forests: a quantitative review, Biol. Conserv., 142, 2833, 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.05.035 de la Peña-Domene, 2014, Roles of birds and bats in early tropical-forest restoration, PLoS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0104656 Gorchov, 1993, The role of seed dispersal in the natural regeneration of rain forest after strip-cutting in the Peruvian Amazon, Vegetatio, 107, 339, 10.1007/BF00052233 Estrada-Villegas, 2007, Seed dispersal by bats in a mountain forest edge, Ecotropicos, 20, 1 Baldwin, 2020, Defensive fruit metabolites obstruct seed dispersal by altering bat behavior and physiology at multiple temporal scales, Ecology, 101, 10.1002/ecy.2937 Ripperger, 2015, Frugivorous bats maintain functional habitat connectivity in agricultural landscapes but rely strongly on natural forest fragments, PLoS One, 10, 10.1371/journal.pone.0120535 Gardner, 2019, Quantifying the impacts of defaunation on natural forest regeneration in a global meta-analysis, Nat. Commun., 10, 4590, 10.1038/s41467-019-12539-1 McConkey, 2016, Loss of seed dispersal before the loss of seed dispersers, Biol. Conserv., 201, 38, 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.06.024 Caves, 2013, Natural experiment demonstrates that bird loss leads to cessation of dispersal of native seeds from intact to degraded forests, PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0065618 Rogers, 2017, Effects of an invasive predator cascade to plants via mutualism disruption, Nat. Commun., 8, 14557, 10.1038/ncomms14557 Wandrag, 2017, Seed dispersal increases local species richness and reduces spatial turnover of tropical tree seedlings, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 114, 10689, 10.1073/pnas.1709584114 McConkey, 2018, Different megafauna vary in their seed dispersal effectiveness of the megafaunal fruit Platymitra macrocarpa (Annonaceae), PLoS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0198960 Caughlin, 2016, When does seed limitation matter for scaling up reforestation from patches to landscapes?, Ecol. Appl., 26, 2439, 10.1002/eap.1410 Reid, 2013, Arrival ≠ survival, Restor. Ecol., 21, 153, 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00922.x Freeman, 2021, Enhancing bird-mediated seed dispersal to increase rainforest regeneration in disused pasture – a restoration experiment, For. Ecol. Manag., 479, 118536, 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118536 Lefcheck, 2016, piecewiseSEM: Piecewise structural equation modelling in R for ecology, evolution, and systematics, Methods Ecol. Evol., 7, 573, 10.1111/2041-210X.12512 Lohbeck, 2013, Successional changes in functional composition contrast for dry and wet tropical forest, Ecology, 94, 1211, 10.1890/12-1850.1 Reich, 2014, The world-wide ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto, J. Ecol., 102, 275, 10.1111/1365-2745.12211 Quesada, 2009, Succession and management of tropical dry forests in the Americas: review and new perspectives, For. Ecol. Manag., 258, 1014, 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.023 Rozendaal, 2019, Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests, Sci. Adv., 5, 10.1126/sciadv.aau3114 Poonswad, 1994, Ranges of males of the Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Brown Hornbill Ptilolaemus tickelli and Wreathed Hornbill Rhyticeros undulatus in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, Ibis, 136, 79, 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb08133.x Wikelski, 2010, Large-range movements of neotropical orchid bees observed via radio telemetry, PLoS One, 5, 10.1371/journal.pone.0010738 Cárdenas, 2020, Movement patterns and habitat preference of Oilbirds (Steatornis caripensis) in the southern Andes of Colombia, Avian Conserv. Ecol., 15, 5, 10.5751/ACE-01564-150205 Godoy, 2001, Seed dispersal by animals: exact identification of source trees with endocarp DNA microsatellites, Mol. Ecol., 10, 2275, 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01342.x Ashley, 2010, Plant parentage, pollination, and dispersal: how DNA microsatellites have altered the landscape, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 29, 148, 10.1080/07352689.2010.481167 Sezen, 2009, Proximity is not a proxy for parentage in an animal-dispersed Neotropical canopy palm, Proc. Biol. Sci., 276, 2037 Browne, 2018, Habitat loss and fragmentation reduce effective gene flow by disrupting seed dispersal in a neotropical palm, Mol. Ecol., 27, 3055, 10.1111/mec.14765 Aziz, 2017, Elucidating the diet of the island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) in Peninsular Malaysia through Illumina next-generation sequencing, PeerJ, 5, 10.7717/peerj.3176 González-Varo, 2014, Who dispersed the seeds? The use of DNA barcoding in frugivory and seed dispersal studies, Methods Ecol. Evol., 5, 806, 10.1111/2041-210X.12212