Undrained cyclic responses of granulated rubber-sand mixtures

ASTM, 2013. Standard test methods for load controlled cyclic triaxial strength of soil. ASTM D5311-13, West Conshohocken, PA. Banerjee, 2009 Banerjee, 2020, Assessment of a hyperbolic model for undrained-cyclic shearing of remolded clay, J. Eng. Mech., 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001780 Boominathan, 2002, Liquefaction strength of fly ash reinforced with randomly distributed fibers, Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 22, 1027, 10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00127-6 Bosscher, 1992, Construction and performance of a shredded waste tire test embankment, Transp. Res. Rec., 1345, 44 Bosscher, 1997, Design of highway embankments using tire chips, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123, 295, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:4(295) Edinçliler, 2004, Determination of static and dynamic behavior of recycled materials for highways, Resour., Conserv. Recycling, 42, 223, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.003 Feng, 2000, Dynamic properties of granulated rubber/sand mixtures, Geotech Test. J., 23, 338, 10.1520/GTJ11055J Fu, 2017, Influence of particle type on the mechanics of sand-rubber mixtures, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001680 Garga, 2000, Tire-reinforced earth fill. Part 1: Construction of a test fill, performance, and retaining wall design, Can. Geotech. J., 37, 75, 10.1139/t99-084 Ghazavi, 2005, Influence of optimized tire shreds on shear strength parameters of sand, Int. J. Geomech., 5, 58, 10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2005)5:1(58) Hazarika, H., Hyodo, M., Yasuhara, K., 2010. Investigation of tire chips-sand mixtures as preventive measure against liquefaction. In: ASCE GSP, Geo Shanghai International Conference, https://doi.org/10.1061/41108(381)44. Hazarika, 2020, Tire-chip reinforced foundation as liquefaction countermeasure for residential buildings, Soils Found., 60, 315, 10.1016/j.sandf.2019.12.013 Hoppe, 1998, Field study of shredded-tire embankment, Transp. Res. Rec., 1619, 47, 10.3141/1619-06 Hoppe, 2004 Hyodo, M., Yamada, S., Orense, R.P., Okamoto, M., Hazarika, H., 208). Undrained cyclic shear properties of tire chip-sand mixtures. In: Proc., Int. Workshop IW-TDGM2007. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 187–196. Indraratna, 2017, Behaviour of sub ballast reinforced with used tyre and potential application in rail tracks, Transp. Geotech., 12, 26, 10.1016/j.trgeo.2017.08.006 Kaneda, 2018, Examination of earth pressure reduction mechanism using tire-chip inclusion in sandy backfill via numerical simulation, Soils Found., 58, 1272, 10.1016/j.sandf.2018.06.002 Kaneko, 2013, Seismic response characteristics of saturated sand deposits mixed with tire chips, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 139, 633, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000752 Kim, 2008, Sand–rubber mixtures (large rubber chips), Can. Geotech. J., 45, 1457, 10.1139/T08-070 Kramer, 1996 Ladd, 1978, Specimen preparation using undercompaction, Geotechnical testing Journal, 1, 16, 10.1520/GTJ10364J Lee, 1999, Shredded tires and rubber-sand as lightweight backfill, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 125, 132, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:2(132) Li, 2016, Dynamic behavior and liquefaction analysis of recycled-rubber sand mixtures, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001629 Lopera Perez, 2018, Effect of rubber content on the unstable behaviour of sand–rubber mixtures under static loading: a micro-mechanical study, Géotechnique, 68, 561 Lopera Perez, 2017, Micromechanical analyses of the effect of rubber size and content on sand-rubber mixtures at the critical state, Geotextiles Geomembr., 45, 81, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2016.11.005 Maher, 1990, Dynamic response of sand reinforced with randomly distributed fibers, J. Geotech. Eng., 116, 1116, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1990)116:7(1116) Mashiri, 2014 Mashiri, M.S., Vinod, J.S., Sheikh, M.N., 2015a. Liquefaction potential and dynamic properties of sand-tyre chip (STCh) mixtures. Geotech. Test. J. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20150031. Mashiri, M.S., Vinod, J.S., Sheikh, M.N., 2015b. Constitutive model for sand-tire chip mixture. Int. J. Geomech. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000472. Mashiri, 2015, Shear strength and dilatancy behaviour of sand–tyre chip mixtures, Soils Found., 55, 517, 10.1016/j.sandf.2015.04.004 Matasovic, 1995, Generalized cyclic-degradation-pore pressure generation model for clays, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:1(33) Meguid, 2018, Experimental investigation of the earth pressure distribution on buried pipes backfilled with tire-derived aggregate, Transp. Geotech., 14, 117, 10.1016/j.trgeo.2017.11.007 Noorzad, 2014, Liquefaction resistance of Babolsar sand reinforced with randomly distributed fibers under cyclic loading, Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 66, 281, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.07.011 Otsubo, 2016, Shaking table tests on liquefaction mitigation of embedded lifelines by backfilling with recycled materials, Soils Found., 56, 365, 10.1016/j.sandf.2016.04.004 Pasha, S.M.K., Hazarika, H., Yoshimoto, N., 2018. Dynamic properties and liquefaction resistance of gravel-tire chips mixture (GTCM). In: Proc.,16th European Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece. Qi, 2018, Effect of rubber crumbs on the cyclic behavior of steel furnace slag and coal wash mixtures, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001827 Reddy, 2017, Tyre chips as compressible inclusions in earth-retaining walls, Ground Improvement, 170, 137, 10.1680/jgrim.16.00034 Rouholamin, M., Bhattacharya, S., Orense, R.P., 2017. Effect of initial relative density on the post-liquefaction behaviour of sand. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.02.007. Senetakis, 2012, Dynamic behaviour of sand/rubber mixtures, Part II: Effect of rubber content on G/Go-γ-DT curves and volumetric threshold strain, J. ASTM Int., 9, JAI103711, 10.1520/JAI103711 Senetakis, 2012, Dynamic properties of dry sand/rubber (SRM) and gravel/rubber (GRM) mixtures in a wide range of shearing strain amplitudes, Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 33, 38, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.10.003 Seed, 1975, Representation of irregular stress time histories by equivalent Senetakis, 2015, Effects of state of test sample, specimen geometry and sample preparation on dynamic properties of rubber–sand mixtures, Geosynthetics Int., 22, 301, 10.1680/gein.15.00013 Senthen Amuthan, M., Boominathan, A., Banerjee, S., 2017. Undrained shear strength of particulate rubber sand mixture (PRSM) mixed with fly ash. In: Taiebat, M. et al. (Eds.), The Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Performance-Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, PBD-III Vancouver, Canada, ISSMGE Technical Committee TC203, Paper No. 333. Senthen Amuthan, 2018, Density and shear strength of particulate rubber mixed with sand and fly ash, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002322 Senthen Amuthan, M., Boominathan, A., Banerjee, S., 2018b. Sand and concrete interface behaviour of particulate rubber-sand-fly ash mixture. Int. J.Geotech. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2018.1499269. Sheikh, 2013, Shear and compressibility behaviours of sand-tyre crumb mixtures, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 25, 1366, 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000696 Sitharam, 2009, Post-liquefaction undrained monotonic behaviour of sands: experiments and DEM simulations, Géotechnique, 59, 739, 10.1680/geot.7.00040 Thomas, J., 1992. Static, cyclic and post liquefaction undrained behaviour of Fraser River sand. Doctoral dissertation. University of British Columbia. Umashankar, B., 2009. Experimental study of the use of mixtures of sand and tire shreds as a geotechnical material. Ph. D thesis, Purdue University, IN. Subramaniam, 2013, Shear modulus degradation model for cohesive soils, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 53, 210, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.07.003 Varghese, 2019, Cyclic and postcyclic behaviour of silts and silty sands from the Indo Gangetic Plain, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 125, 105750, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105750 Yoon, 2006, Construction of a test embankment using a sand-tire shred mixture as fill material, Waste Manage., 26, 1033, 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.10.009 Youwai, 2003, Strength and deformation characteristics of shredded rubber tire-sand mixtures, Can. Geotech. J., 40, 254, 10.1139/t02-104 Zhang, L., Liu, H., 2017. Seismic response of clay-pile-raft-superstructure systems subjected to far-field ground motions. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.08.004. Seed, B. and Lee, K.L., 1966. Liquefaction of saturated sands during cyclic loading. Journal of Soil Mechanics & Foundations Div, 92(ASCE# 4972 Proceeding). Idriss, I.M., Dobry, R.U. and Sing, R.D., 1978. Nonlinear behavior of soft clays during cyclic loading. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 104(ASCE 14265). Pyke, R.M., 1979. Nonlinear soil models for irregular cyclic loadings. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 105(ASCE 14642 Proceeding).