Underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal

Journal of Mountain Science - Tập 9 Số 5 - Trang 589-600 - 2012
Ripu M. Kunwar1, Laxmi Mahat2, Lila Nath Sharma1, Keshab Shrestha3, Hiroo Kominee4, Rainer W. Bussmann5
1Centre for Biological Conservation
2Kathmandu, Nepal
3Tribhuvan University
4KYG Iryoukai Medical Association
5Missouri Botanical Garden

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Acharya KP, Acharya R (2010) Eating from the Wild: Indigenous Knowledge on Wild Edible Plants in Rupandehi District, Nepal. International Journal of Social Forestry 3(1): 24–48.

Acharya BK and HP Anderson. 2009. Cultivation and Use of Ricebean. A Case Study of Dang District, Nepal. Masters’ thesis in Resources and Human Adaptation. Institute for Geography, University of Bergen, Norway.

Akhtar F (2001) Uncultivated Food in Context of Poor People’s Livelihood: A Nayakrishi Experience. In: Johnston MM (ed.), The Proceedings of Regional Workshop on Uncultivated Foods and Biodiversity, 24–26 September 2001, USC Canada-Nepal, Kathmandu, pp. 8–17.

Albuquerque UP, Lucena RFP, Monteiro JM, et al. (2006) Evaluating Two Quantitative Ethnobotanical Techniques. Journal of Ethnobotany Research & Applications 4: 51–60.

Anonymous (2008) District profile. Mega Research Center and Publication, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Aryal KP, Berg A, Ogle B (2009) Uncultivated Plants and Livelihood Support: A Case Study from Chepang People of Nepal. Journal of Ethnobotany Research & Applications 7: 409–422.

Asfaw Z, Tadesse M (2001) Prospects for Sustainable Use and Development of Wild Food Plants in Ethiopia. Economic Botany 55(1): 47–62.

Bastakoti R, Sharma LN (2008) Chepang: Food Culture and Agro Biodiversity. UNDP/GEF, RIMS Nepal and Nepal Chepang Union, p 84.

Bennett BC, Prance GT (2000) Introduced Plants in the Indigenous Pharmacopeia of Northern South América. Economic Botany 54: 90–102.

Bhattarai S, Chaudhary RP, Taylor RSL (2009) Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by People of Nawalparasi District, Central Nepal. Our Nature 7: 82–99.

Bhattarai S, Chaudhary RP (2009) Wild Edible Plants Used by the People of Manang District, Central Nepal. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 48: 1–20.

Bhattarai S, Pant B, Upadhyaya CP (2011) Dependency of Tharu Communities on Wild Plants: A Case Study of Shankarpur, Kanchanpur District, Nepal. Banko Janakari 21: 35–40.

Burlakoti C, Kunwar RM (2008) Folk Herbal Remedies of Mahakali Watershed Area, Nepal. In: Jha PK, Karmacharya SB, Chettri MK, et al. (eds.), Medicinal Plants in Nepal: An Anthology of Contemporary Research. Ecological Society of Nepal, Kathmandu, pp 187–193.

CBD (1992) Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro. Available online: http://www.biodiv.org . (Accessed on 19 January 2012)

CGIAR (2004) Innovation in Agricultural Research. Annual Report, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Secretariat, Washington DC, United Nations.

Chaudhary RP (1998) Biodiversity in Nepal: Status and Conservation. Tecpress Books, Bangkok, Thailand.

Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, et al. (1958) Indigenous Drugs of India. UN Dhar and Sons Publishing, Calcutta, India, pp 436–443.

Cunningham AB (2001) Applied Ethnobotany, People, Wild Plant Use and Conservation. Earthscan Publishing Limited, London, p 300.

Darwish FMM (2002) Phytochemical study of Ficus benghalensis L. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy 40(2): 249–258.

Devkota R, Karmacharya SB (2003) Documentation in Indigenous Knowledge of Medicinal Plants in Gwallek VDC, Baitadi, Nepal. Botanica Orientalis 3: 135–143.

Dhar U, Rawal RS, Upreti J (2000) Setting Priorities for Conservation of Medicinal Plants: A Case Study in Indian Himalaya. Biological Conservation 95: 57–65.

Quisumbing E (1951) Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Printing, Manila.

Etkin NL, Ross PJ (1982) Food as Medicine and Medicine as Food: An Adaptive Framework for the Interpretation of Plant Utilization among the Hausa of Northern Nigeria. Social Science and Medicine 16: 1559–1573.

Etkin NL (2002) Local Knowledge of Biotic Diversity and its Conservation in Rural Hausaland, Northern Nigeria. Economic Botany 56(1): 73–88.

Evans J (1992) Plantation Forestry in the Tropics, 2nd ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Eze SC, Asiegbu JE, Mbah BN, et al. (2006) Biocontrol of storage insect and use as fungicide. Agro-Science 5(1): 8–12.

FAO (1996a) Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Rome, Italy, p 511.

FAO (1996b) Global Plan of Action for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Section 12. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy.

Fowler J, Cohen L, Jarvis P (1998) Practical Statistics for Field Biologists. John Willey and Sons, New York, USA

Gadgil M, Birkes F, Folkes C (1993) Indigenous Knowledge of Biodiversity Conservation. Ambio 22: 151–160.

Geetha BS, Mathew BC, Augusti KT (1994) Hypoglycemic Effects of Leucodelphinidin Derivative Isolated from Ficus benghalensis Linn. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 38: 220–222.

Gessler M, Hodel U, Eyzaguirre PB (1998) Home Gardens and Agro biodiversity: Current State of Knowledge with Reference to Relevant Literature. IPGRI Home Gardens Project Document, Rome, Italy.

Ghannam N, Kingston M, Al-Meshaal IA, et al. (1986) The Antidiabetic Activity of Aloes: Preliminary Clinical and Experimental Observations. Hormone Research 24: 288–294.

Giuliani A (2007) Developing Markets for Agro biodiversity: Securing Livelihoods in Dry land Areas. Earthscan Publications, London, UK.

GoN (1992) Wild Edible Plants of Nepal. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal, p 285.

GoN (2007) Medicinal Plants of Nepal. Bulletin of the Department of Plant Resources No. 28. Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal, p 402.

Govaerts R (2001) How many species of seed plants are there? Taxon 50(4): 1085–1090.

Gruere G, Giuliani A, Smale M (2006) Marketing Underutilized Plant Species for Benefit of Poor. EPT discussion paper, International Food Policy Research Institute. CGIAR.

Gurung LJ, Rajbhandary S, Ranjitkar S (2008) Indigenous Knowledge on Medicinal Plants in Midhills of Nepal: A Case Study of Sikles of Kaski District, Nepal. In: Jha PK, Karmacharya SB, Chettri MK, et al. (eds.), Medicinal Plants in Nepal: An Anthology of Contemporary Research. Ecological Society of Nepal, Kathmandu, p 152–163.

Hamilton AC (2004) Medicinal Plants, Conservation and Livelihoods. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 1477–1517.

Hoft M, Barik SK, Lykke AM (1999) Quantitative Ethnobotany: Applications of Multivariate and Statistical Analyses in Ethnobotany. People and Plants Paper 6, UNESCO, Paris.

Holland SM (2006) Cluster Analysis. Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens.

IPGRI (2002) Neglected and Underutilized Plant Species: Strategic Action Plan of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy, p. 27.

Jaenicke H, Hoschle-Zeledon I (eds.) (2006) Strategic Framework for Underutilized Plant Species Research and Development: With Reference to Asia and the Pacific and Sub-Saharan Africa. International Center for Underutilized Crops, Sri lanka and Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Plants, Rome, Italy, p. 33.

Jain A, Katewa SS, Choudhary BL, et al. (2004) Folk Herbal Medicines Used in Birth Control and Sexual Diseases by Tribals of Southern Rajasthan, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90: 171–177.

Jha PK, Shrestha KK, Upadhyay MP, et al. (1996) Plant Genetic Resources of Nepal: A Guide for Plant Breeders of Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry Crops. Euphytica 87(3): 189–210.

Johns T, Eyzaguirre PB (2002) Nutrition and the Environment. In Nutrition: A foundation for Development. Geneva: ACC/SCN 20: 269–285.

Joshi AR, Joshi K (2000) Indigenous Knowledge and Uses of Medicinal Plants by Local Communities of Kaligandaki Watershed Area, Nepal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 73: 175–183.

Joshi N, Kehlenbeck K, Maass BL (2007) Traditional, Neglected Vegetables of Nepal: Their Sustainable Utilization for Meeting Human Needs. Conference on International Agriculture Research for Development, 9–11 October 2007, University of Gottingen, Germany.

Joshi N (2008) Ethnomedicinal Uses of Plants in Western Terai of Nepal: A Case Study from Dekhatbhuli of Kanchanpur, Nepal. In: Jha PK, Karmacharya SB, Chettri MK, et al. (eds.), Medicinal Plants in Nepal: An Anthology of Contemporary Research. Ecological Society of Nepal, Kathmandu, pp 164–176.

Kala CP, Farooquee M, Dhar U (2004) Prioritization of Medicinal Plants on Basis of Available Knowledge, Existing Practice and Use Value Status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 453–469.

Katewa SS, Jain A (2003) Aromatic and Medicinal Grasses of Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan. In: Singh VK, Govil JN, Hashmi S, et al. (eds.), Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants Series, Volume 7: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II., Sci Tech Publishing, Herndon, Virginia, USA. pp 57–68.

Khadka BB (2000) Coarse Grain and Pulses in Nepal: Roles and Prospects. No. 6, UN/ESCAP CGPRT Centre and FAO.

Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1981) Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. I, International Book Distributors, India, p. 838.

Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1987) Ficus hispida Linn, In: Blatter E, Caius JF, Mhaskar KS, (eds.), Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol 3. International Book Distributors. India.

Kunwar RM (2002) Some Threatened Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Status, Trade and Management Practice in Dolpa, Midwestern, Nepal. Journal of Natural History Museum 21: 173–186.

Kunwar RM, Adhikari N (2005) Ethnomedicine of Dolpa District, Nepal: The Plants, Their Vernacular Names and Uses. Lyonia 8(1): 43–49.

Kunwar RM, Bussmann RW (2006) Ficus (Fig) species in Nepal: A Review of Diversity and Indigenous Uses. Lyonia 11(1): 85–97.

Kunwar RM, Bussmann RW (2008) Ethnobotany in the Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4: 24.

Kunwar RM, Uprety Y, Burlakoti C, et al. (2009) Indigenous Use and Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants in Far West Nepal. Journal of Ethnobotany Research & Applications 7: 5–28.

Kunwar RM, Shrestha KP, Bussmann RW (2010a) Traditional Herbal Medicine in Far West Nepal: A Pharmacological Appraisal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 6: 35.

Kunwar RM, Burlakoti C, Chowdhary CL, et al. (2010b) Medicinal Plants in West Nepal: Indigenous Uses and Pharmacological Validity. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, Global Science Books, Ltd., Isleworth, UK. pp4, 28–42.

Lasisi AO, Ajuwon AJ (2002) Beliefs and perceptions of Ear, Nose and throat-related conditions among residents of a traditional community in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Medical Sciences 31(1): 45–48.

Lust J (1986) The Herb Book. 16th edition, Bantam Publishing. ISBN 0-553-17273-5. London.

Maikhuri RK, Nautiyal S, Rao KS, et al. (2000) Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and wild edibles among three tribal sub-communities of the Central Himalayas, India. Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor 8(2): 7–13.

Malla L (1993) The Natural Dyes of Nepal. Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, p. 142.

Manandhar NP (1989) Useful Wild Plants of Nepal. Nepal Research Center Publication 14, Stuttgart, Germany.

Manandhar NP (1995a) Ethnobotanical Notes on Unexploited Wild Food Plants of Nepal. Ethnobotany 7: 95–101.

Manandhar NP (1995b) A Survey of Medicinal Plants of Jajarkot District, Nepal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 48:1–6.

Marr KL, Xia YM, Bhattarai NK (2007) Allozymic, morphological, phonological, linguistic, plant use and nutritional data of Benincapsa hispida (Cucurbitaceae). Economic Botany 61(1): 44–59.

Martin GJ (2004) Ethnobotany: A Method Manual. Earthscan Publications, London.

Moundipa PF, Flore KGM, Bilong CFB, (2005) In vitro amoebicidal activity of some medicinal plants of Bamun region (Cameroon). African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 2(2): 113–121.

Nadkarni KM (1996) Ficus hispida and Ficus daemona, In: Nadkarni KM, Nadkarni AK (eds.), Indian Materia Medica, 2nd ed., Vol 1. Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, India.

Obuekwe IF, Obuekwe IC (2002) Indigenous methods used for management of Diarrhea in an urban community in Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research 1(1): 44–45.

Osifo NG (1992) A System of Traditional Health Care. Vol. 2, Neras Publishers Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria.

Padulosi S, Hodgkin T, Williams JT, et al. (2002) Under-Utilized Crops: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st century. In: Engels JMM (ed.), Managing Plant Genetic Resources, London and Rome: CABI-IPGRI.

Padulosi S, Hoeschle-Zeledon I (2004) Underutilized Plant Species, What Are They? Leisa Magazine 20(1):5–6.

Pant SR, Panta IR (2004) Indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants in Bhagawati VDC, Darchula, Nepal. Botanica Orientalis 4: 79–81.

Pastor S, Fuentealba B, Ruiz M (2006) Analysis of National and International Policies that Enable or Inhibit the Wider Use of Underutilized Plant Species for Food and Agriculture in Peru. Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species, Italy.

Phillips OL (1996) Some Quantitative Methods for Analyzing Ethnobotanical Knowledge. In: Alexiades M, Sheldon JW (eds.), Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A field Manual, New York Botanical Garden Press, pp 171–197.

Pokharel RK (1998) Indigenous Technical Knowledge of People on Fodder Tree Management. Banko Janakari 8(2): 10–13.

Potterton D (ed.) (1983) Culpeppers’ Color Herbal. W. Foulsham & Co. Limited. UK. ISBN 0-572-01152-0.

Poudel KC (2003) Domesticating Lapsi, Choerospondias axillaris for Fruit Production in the Middle Mountain Agroforestry Systems in Nepal. Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1: 55–58.

Prescott-Allen R, Prescott-Allen C (1990) How many plants feed the world? Conservation Biology 4: 365–374.

Quinlan MB, Quinlan RJ, Nolan JM (2002) Ethnophysiology and herbal treatments of intestinal worms in Dominica, West Indies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 80: 75–83.

R Development Core Team (2010) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, http://www.R-project.org .

Regmi PP (1994) Wild and Unutilized Food Plants in Nepal. A paper presented on National Workshop on Plant Genetic Resources Conservation, Use and Management. Kathmandu, Nepal.

Regmi PP (2006) Analysis of Existing Policies and Legislation that Enable or Inhibit the Wider Use of Underutilized Species for Food and Agriculture in Nepal. ABTRACO Nepal and Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Plants, Italy.

Rehm S, Espig G (1991) The Cultivated Plants of the Tropics. Verlag Josesf Margraf and CTA. Weikersheim, Germany, p 522.

Reyes-García V, Huanca T, Vadez V, et al. (2006) Cultural, practical, and economic value of wild plants: a quantitative study in the Bolivian Amazon. Economic Botany 60: 62–74.

Rokaya MB, Munzbergova Z, Timsina B (2010) Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants from humla district of Western Nepal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 130: 485–504.

Salick J, Byg A, Amend A, et al. (2006) Tibetan medicine plurality. Economic Botany 60: 227–253.

Santayana Pardo-de M, Tardio J, Morales RN (2005) The gathering and consumption of wild edible plants in the Capoo (Cantabria, Spain). International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 56: 529–542.

Sattaur O (1989) The shrinking gene pool. New Scientist 1675: 37–41.

Shrestha B (1995) Nepalese dye yielding plants for vegetable dyeing. Green Energy 1(1): 24–31.

Shrestha GL, Bhandari R, Shrestha B (1995) Oil Yielding Plants of Nepal. Green Energy Mission Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, p 102.

Shrestha K (1987) Report on Edible Wild Plants from Pokhara and Northern Region of Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Natural History Museum 11: 85–98.

Shrestha PM, Dhillion SS (2003) Medicinal plant diversity and use in the highlands of Dolakha District, Nepal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 86: 81–96.

Simpson BB, Ogorzaly MC (1995) Economic Botany: Plants in Our Worlds. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.

Sofowora LA (1993) Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa, Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, pp 55–71.

Stainton A, Polunin O (1984) Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India, p 580.

Stainton A (1988) Flowers of the Himalaya, A Supplement. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India, p 86.

Stallknecht GF, Schulz-Schaeffer JR (1993) Amaranth Rediscovered. In: Janick J, Simon JE (eds.), New Crops, Wiley, New York, pp 211–218.

Sthapit B, Subedi A, Rijal D, et al. (2003) Strengthening Community-based On-farm Conservation of Agricultural Biodiversity Experiences from Nepal. In: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agricultural Biodiversity: A Sourcebook. CIP-UPWARD, GTZ GmbH, IDRC, IPGRI and SEARICE.

Subedi BP (2006) Linking Plant Based Enterprises to Conservation in Nepal. Himalaya, Adroit Publisher, Ansari Road, New Delhi, India.

Sundriyal M, Sundriyal RC (2001) Wild edible plants of the Sikkim Himalaya: nutritive values. Economic Botany 55(3): 313–334.

Sundriyal M, Sundriyal RC (2003) Wild edible plants in the Sikkim Himalaya: nutritive values of selected species. Economic Botany 58(2): 286–299.

UNWFP (2006) Food Security Bulletin, 15 October 2006. UNWFP, Lalitpur, Nepal.

Walters M, Hamilton A (1993) The Vital Wealth of Plants. Gland, Switzerland: WWF-World Wide Fund for Nature.

Watanabe T, Rajbhandari KR, Malla KJ, et al. (2005) A Hand Book of Medicinal Plants of Nepal. Ayur Seed Life Environmental Institute (Ayurseed L.E.I.), Japan, p. 262.

Wilkes HG (1981) New or Potential Crop or What to Anticipate for the Future. Paper presented at annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, January 1981, Toronto, Canada.

Wilson EO (1992) The Diversity of Life. Penguin, London, UK, p 432.

Yongchaiyudha S, Rungpitarangsi V, Bunyapraphatsara N, et al. (1996) Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera L. juice. I. Clinical trial in new cases of diabetes mellitus. Phytomedicine 3(3): 241–243.