Undertreatment of Osteoporosis in Residents of Nursing Homes: Population-Based Study with Use of the Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use Via Epidemiology (Sage) Database

Rungby, 1995, Epidemiology of osteoporosis: implications for drug therapy, Drugs Aging., 6, 470, 10.2165/00002512-199506060-00007 Ray, 1997, Medical expenditures for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures in the United States in 1995: report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation, J Bone Miner Res., 12, 24, 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.1.24 Magaziner, 1989, Survival experience of aged hip fracture patients, Am J Public Health., 79, 274, 10.2105/AJPH.79.3.274 Katelaris, 1996, Health status before and mortality after hip fracture, Am J Public Health., 86, 557, 10.2105/AJPH.86.4.557 Marottoli, 1992, Decline in physical function following hip fracture, J Am Geriatr Soc., 40, 861, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01980.x Lyles, 1999, Management of patients with vertebral compression fractures, Pharmacotherapy., 19, 21S, 10.1592/phco.19.2.21S.30908 Eastell, 1998, Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, N Engl J Med., 338, 736, 10.1056/NEJM199803123381107 Dawson-Hughes, 1997, Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older, N Engl J Med., 337, 670, 10.1056/NEJM199709043371003 Chapuy, 1992, Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women, N Engl J Med., 327, 1637, 10.1056/NEJM199212033272305 Lufkin, 1992, Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen, Ann Intern Med., 117, 1, 10.7326/0003-4819-117-1-1 Cauley, 1995, Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women: study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group, Ann Intern Med., 122, 9, 10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00002 Ettinger, 1999, (Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation [MORE] Investigators). Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial, JAMA., 282, 637, 10.1001/jama.282.7.637 Black, 1996, Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures, Lancet, 348, 1535, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07088-2 Harris, 1999, Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 282, 1344, 10.1001/jama.282.14.1344 Chesnut, 2000, (PROOF Study Group). A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: the Prevent Recurrence of Osteoporotic Fractures Study, Am J Med., 109, 267, 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00490-3 Overgaard, 1992, Effect of salcatonin given intranasally on bone mass and fracture rates in established osteoporosis: a dose-response study, BMJ., 305, 556, 10.1136/bmj.305.6853.556 Schneider, 1997, Timing of postmenopausal estrogen for optimal bone mineral density: the Rancho Bernardo Study, JAMA., 277, 543, 10.1001/jama.1997.03540310041032 National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2000 NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy, 2001, Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, JAMA, 285, 785, 10.1001/jama.285.6.785 Zimmerman, 1999, The prevalence of osteoporosis in nursing home residents, Osteoporos Int., 9, 151, 10.1007/s001980050129 Bernabei, 1999, (SAGE [Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology] Study Group). Characteristics of the SAGE database: a new resource for research on outcomes in long-term care, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci., 54, M25, 10.1093/gerona/54.1.M25 Morris, 1999, Scaling ADLs within the MDS, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci., 54, M546, 10.1093/gerona/54.11.M546 Morris, 1994, MDS cognitive performance scale, J Gerontol., 49, M174, 10.1093/geronj/49.4.M174 Morris, 1990, Designing the national resident assessment instrument for nursing homes, Gerontologist., 30, 293, 10.1093/geront/30.3.293 Hartmaier, 1995, Validation of the Minimum Data Set Cognitive Performance Scale: agreement with the Mini-Mental State Examination, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci., 50, M128, 10.1093/gerona/50A.2.M128 Gambassi, 1998, (SAGE [Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology] Study Group). Validity of diagnostic and drug data in standardized nursing home resident assessments: potential for geriatric pharmacoepidemiology, Med Care., 36, 167, 10.1097/00005650-199802000-00006 Cauley, 1990, Prevalence and determinants of estrogen replacement therapy in elderly women, Am J Obstet Gynecol., 163, 1438, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90602-4 Handa, 1996, Do older women use estrogen replacement? Data from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE), J Am Geriatr Soc., 44, 1, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb05630.x Keating, 1999, Use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women in the United States, Ann Intern Med., 130, 545, 10.7326/0003-4819-130-7-199904060-00002 Martin, 1998, Awareness of osteoporosis in the nursing home [abstract], Gerontologist, 38, 175 Goldis, 1998, Assessing the prevalence and treatment of osteoporosis in the nursing home population [abstract], J Am Geriatr Soc, 46, S111 Chiang, 2000, Dually incontinent nursing home residents: clinical characteristics and treatment differences, J Am Geriatr Soc., 48, 673, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04727.x Gurwitz, 1997, Atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention with warfarin in the long-term care setting, Arch Intern Med., 157, 978, 10.1001/archinte.1997.00440300080006 Aronow, 1996, Prevalence of use of beta blockers and of calcium channel blockers in older residents with prior myocardial infarction at the time of admission to a nursing home, J Am Geriatr Soc., 44, 1075, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb02941.x Aronow, 1998, Underutilization of aspirin in older patients with prior myocardial infarction at the time of admission to a nursing home, J Am Geriatr Soc., 46, 615, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01079.x Heston, 1992, Inadequate treatment of depressed nursing home elderly, J Am Geriatr Soc., 40, 1117, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01800.x Won, 1999, Lipsitz LA (SAGE [Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology] Study Group). Correlates and management of nonmalignant pain in the nursing home, J Am Geriatr Soc., 47, 936, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01287.x Gambassi, 1998, (SAGE [Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology] Study Group). Prevalence, clinical correlates, and treatment of hypertension in elderly nursing home residents, Arch Intern Med., 158, 2377, 10.1001/archinte.158.21.2377 Bernabei, 1998, (SAGE [Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology] Study Group). Management of pain in elderly patients with cancer [erratum in JAMA. 1999;281:136], JAMA., 279, 1877, 10.1001/jama.279.23.1877 Gloth, 1995, Vitamin D deficiency in older people, J Am Geriatr Soc., 43, 822, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07059.x Liu, 1997, Seasonal prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in institutionalized older adults, J Am Geriatr Soc., 45, 598, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb03094.x Felson, 1993, The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone mineral density in elderly women, N Engl J Med., 329, 1141, 10.1056/NEJM199310143291601 Grady, 1992, Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women, Ann Intern Med., 117, 1016, 10.7326/0003-4819-117-12-1016 Lomas, 1989, Do practice guidelines guide practice? The effect of a consensus statement on the practice of physicians, N Engl J Med., 321, 1306, 10.1056/NEJM198911093211906 Stafford, 1996, National patterns of warfarin use in atrial fibrillation, Arch Intern Med., 156, 2537, 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440210043004 Smith, 1999, Temporal trends in the use of anticoagulants among older adults with atrial fibrillation, Arch Intern Med., 159, 1574, 10.1001/archinte.159.14.1574