Understanding the influence of melt dripping on UL94 test response in a PA11 system

2013 Turski Silva Diniz, 2020, Dripping and decomposition under fire: melamine cyanurate vs. glass fibres in polyamide 6, Polym, Degrad. Stab., 171, 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109048 Levchik, 1997, Effect of melamine and its salts on combustion and thermal decomposition of polyamide 6, Fire, Mater, 21, 75 McKenna, 2019, Fire behaviour of modern façade materials–Understanding the Grenfell Tower fire, J. Hazard Mater., 268, 115, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.077 Byrnes, 2019, Review of techniques for identifying the chemical composition of Aluminium Composite Cladding cores, Electron. J. Struct. Eng., 19, 14, 10.56748/ejse.19231 Torero, 2018 Sherratt, 2001 Matzen, 2015, Influence of flame retardants on the melt dripping behaviour of thermoplastic polymers, Mater, 8, 5621, 10.3390/ma8095267 J. Zhang, M. Lewin, E. Pearce, M. Zammarano, and J. W. Gilman, Flame retarding polyamide 6 with melamine cyanurate and layered silicates, Polym. Adv. Technol. 19 (20008) 928-936. Kandola, 2013, Development of a novel experimental technique for quantitative study of melt dripping of themoplastic polymers, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 98, 52, 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.10.028 Wang, 2012, Dripping behavior of burning polymers under UL94 vertical test conditions, J. Fire Sci., 30, 477, 10.1177/0734904112446125 Joseph, 2015, Melt-flow behaviours of thermoplastic materials under fire conditions: recent experimental studies and some theoretical approaches, Mater, 8, 8793, 10.3390/ma8125492 Zhang, 1997, Effect of melting behaviour on upward flame spread of thermoplastics, Fire Mater., 21, 1, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199701)21:1<1::AID-FAM583>3.0.CO;2-P Hu, 2018, In-situ investigation of temperature evolution of drippings via an optimized UL-94 instrumentation: application to flame retarded polybutylene succinate, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 155, 145, 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.015 Dupretz, 2015, Instrumentation of UL‐94 test: understanding of mechanisms involved in fire retardancy of polymers, Polym. Adv. Technol., 26, 865, 10.1002/pat.3507 Kempel, 2015, Modelling the vertical UL 94 test: competition and collaboration between melt dripping, gasification and combustion, Fire Mater., 39, 570, 10.1002/fam.2257 Spieß, 2021, Mechanistic evaulation of flame retardants during UL94 standard testing, via IR-camera, Polym. Test., 103, 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107320 Wang, 2010, Burning and dripping behaviors of polymers under the UL94 vertical burning test conditions, Fire Mater., 34, 203, 10.1002/fam.1021 Tao, 2018, Melamine cyanurate tailored by base and its multi effects on flame retardancy of polyamide 6, Appl. Surf. Sci., 456, 751, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.215 Casu, 1997, Fire-retardant mechanistic aspects of melamine cyanurate in polyamide copolymer, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 58, 297, 10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00061-X Costa, 1988, Thermal behaviour of melamine, J. Therm. Anal., 34, 423, 10.1007/BF01913181 Isbasar, 2012, Investigation of thermal degradation characteristics of polyamide-6 containing melamine or melamine cyanurate via direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 98, 221, 10.1016/j.jaap.2012.09.002 Li, 2018, Preparation and characterization of flame-retarded polyamide 66 with melamine cyanurate by in situ polymerization, Macromol. Res., 25, 779, 10.1007/s13233-017-5081-1 Nagasawa, 1995, Fast thermolysis/FT-IR studies of fire-retardant melamine-cyanurate and melamine-cyanurate containing polymer, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 33, 253, 10.1016/0165-2370(94)00849-V Lyon, 2004, Pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 71, 27, 10.1016/S0165-2370(03)00096-2 Levchik, 1999, Thermal decomposition of aliphatic nylons, Polym. Int., 48, 532, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0126(199907)48:7<532::AID-PI214>3.0.CO;2-R Walters, 2003, Molar group contributions to polymer flammability, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87, 548, 10.1002/app.11466 Tewarson, 2002, Generation of heat and chemical compounds in fires, 3 Schartel, 2007, Pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter: a tool to assess flame retarded PC/ABS materials?, Thermochim. Acta, 462, 1, 10.1016/j.tca.2007.05.021 Cayla, 2019, Influence of ammonium polyphosphate/lignin ratio on thermal and fire behavior of biobased thermoplastic: the case of polyamide 11, Mater, 12, 1146, 10.3390/ma12071146