Understanding the implications of engineered nanoparticle induced autophagy in human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro

Akhtar, 2012, Zinc oxide nanoparticles selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells through reactive oxygen species, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 7, 845 Baeuerle, 1994, Function and activation of NF-kappa B in the immune system, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 12, 141, 10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041 Bai, 2017, Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 12, 6521, 10.2147/IJN.S140071 Barnes, 1997, NF-kB: a pivotal role in asthma and a new target for therapy, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 18, 46, 10.1016/S0165-6147(97)89796-9 DeLoid, 2014, Estimating the effective density of engineered nanomaterials for in vitro dosimetry, Nat. Commun., 5, 3514, 10.1038/ncomms4514 Demir, 2017, Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles are not mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma assay but modulate the mutagenic effect of UV-C-light post-treatment, Fresen Environment Bulletin, 26, 1001 Ding, 2014, Autophagy regulates TGF-beta expression and suppresses kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN, 25, 2835, 10.1681/ASN.2013101068 Fader, 2009, Autophagy and multivesicular bodies: two closely related partners, Cell Death Differ., 16, 70, 10.1038/cdd.2008.168 Filon, 2015, Nanoparticles skin absorption: new aspects for a safety profile evaluation, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 72, 310, 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.005 Gatoo MA, Naseem S, Arfat MY, Mahmood Dar A, Qasim K, Zubair S (2014) Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials: implication in associated toxic manifestations. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014. George, 2015, The multi-facets of sustainable nanotechnology–lessons from a nanosafety symposium, Nanotoxicology, 9, 404, 10.3109/17435390.2015.1027315 Ghosh, 2013, Cytotoxic, genotoxic and the hemolytic effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on human erythrocyte and lymphocyte cells in vitro, J. Appl. Toxicol., 33, 1097, 10.1002/jat.2863 Gordon, 1988, Prelysosomal convergence of autophagic and endocytic pathways, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 151, 40, 10.1016/0006-291X(88)90556-6 Gulson, 2010, Small amounts of zinc from zinc oxide particles in sunscreens applied outdoors are absorbed through human skin, Toxicol. Sci., 118, 140, 10.1093/toxsci/kfq243 Heng, 2011, Evaluation of the cytotoxic and inflammatory potential of differentially shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles, Arch. Toxicol., 85, 1517, 10.1007/s00204-011-0722-1 Hinderliter, 2010, ISDD: a computational model of particle sedimentation, diffusion and target cell dosimetry for in vitro toxicity studies, Particle and fibre toxicology, 7, 36, 10.1186/1743-8977-7-36 Huang, 2009, Disturbed mitotic progression and genome segregation are involved in cell transformation mediated by nano-TiO2 long-term exposure, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 241, 182, 10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.013 Iavicoli, 2011, Toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of in vitro mammalian studies, Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 15, 481 Ilves, 2014, Topically applied ZnO nanoparticles suppress allergen induced skin inflammation but induce vigorous IgE production in the atopic dermatitis mouse model, Particle and fibre toxicology, 11, 38, 10.1186/s12989-014-0038-4 Ishii, 1997, Low micromolar levels of hydrogen peroxide and proteasome inhibitors induce the 60-kDa A170 stress protein in murine peritoneal macrophages, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 232, 33, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6221 Ishii, 2000, Transcription factor Nrf2 coordinately regulates a group of oxidative stress-inducible genes in macrophages, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 16023, 10.1074/jbc.275.21.16023 Jeong, 2013, ZnO nanoparticles induce TNF-α expression via ROS-ERK-Egr-1 pathway in human keratinocytes, J. Dermatol. Sci., 72, 263, 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.08.002 Karin, 2000, Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-[kappa]B activity, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 18, 621, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.621 Kathawala, 2015, TiO2 nanoparticles alleviate toxicity by reducing free Zn2+ ion in human primary epidermal keratinocytes exposed to ZnO nanoparticles, J. Nanopart. Res., 17, 263, 10.1007/s11051-015-3068-4 Kathawala, 2015, TiO2-nanoparticles shield HPEKs against ZnO-induced genotoxicity, Mater. Des., 88, 41, 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.108 Kocbek, 2010, Toxicological aspects of long-term treatment of keratinocytes with ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles, Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 6, 1908, 10.1002/smll.201000032 Kuusisto, 2001, Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 expression is induced during apoptosis and proteasomal inhibition in neuronal cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 280, 223, 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4107 Lautenschlager, 2007, Photoprotection, Lancet, 370, 528, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60638-2 Lorenz, 2011, Potential exposure of German consumers to engineered nanoparticles in cosmetics and personal care products, Nanotoxicology, 5, 12, 10.3109/17435390.2010.484554 Lu, 2014, TRAF6 upregulation in spinal astrocytes maintains neuropathic pain by integrating TNF-alpha and IL-1beta signaling, Pain, 155, 2618, 10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.027 Ma, 2009, The acute liver injury in mice caused by nano-anatase TiO2, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 4, 1275, 10.1007/s11671-009-9393-8 Manke A, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y (2013) Mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. Biomed. Res. Int. 2013. Miquel-Jeanjean, 2012, Penetration study of formulated nanosized titanium dioxide in models of damaged and sun-irradiated skins, Photochem. Photobiol., 88, 1513, 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01181.x Moscat, 2009, p62 at the crossroads of autophagy, apoptosis, and cancer, Cell, 137, 1001, 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.023 Nel, 2006, Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel, Science, 311, 622, 10.1126/science.1114397 Ng, 2011, The role of the tumor suppressor p53 pathway in the cellular DNA damage response to zinc oxide nanoparticles, Biomaterials, 32, 8218, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.036 Ng KW, Zhao Y, Kathawala MH, Xiong S, Cheok CF, Loo SCJ (2014) Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of nanomaterials handbook of safety assessment of nanomaterials. Pan Stanford series on biomedical nanotechnology. Pan Stanford, p 341-387. Osmond-McLeod MJ, Oytam Y, Kirby JK, Gomez-Fernandez L, Baxter B, McCall MJ (2014) Dermal absorption and short-term biological impact in hairless mice from sunscreens containing zinc oxide nano-or larger particles. Nanotoxicology 8(sup1):72-84. Qing, 2006, Hsp90 inhibition results in autophagy-mediated proteasome-independent degradation of IkappaB kinase (IKK), Cell Res., 16, 895, 10.1038/sj.cr.7310109 Roursgaard, 2011, Acute and subchronic airway inflammation after intratracheal instillation of quartz and titanium dioxide agglomerates in mice, Sci. World J., 11, 801, 10.1100/tsw.2011.67 Roy, 2014, Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis by enhancement of autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition, Toxicol. Lett., 227, 29, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.024 Ryu, 2014, ZnO nanoparticle induces apoptosis by ROS triggered mitochondrial pathway in human keratinocytes, Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 10, 387, 10.1007/s13273-014-0043-6 Setyawati, 2013, Cytotoxic and genotoxic characterization of titanium dioxide, gadolinium oxide, and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in human fibroblasts, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 101, 633, 10.1002/jbm.a.34363 Sharma, 2009, DNA damaging potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles in human epidermal cells, Toxicol. Lett., 185, 211, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.008 Shi CS, Kehrl JH (2010) TRAF6 and A20 regulate lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of Beclin-1 to control TLR4-induced autophagy. Science Signaling 3(123):ra42 doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2000751. Shukla, 2011, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in human keratinocyte cells, J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 7, 100, 10.1166/jbn.2011.1221 Sun, 2011, Cytotoxicity, permeability, and inflammation of metal oxide nanoparticles in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, Cell Biol. Toxicol., 27, 333, 10.1007/s10565-011-9191-9 Tak, 2001, NF-kappaB: a key role in inflammatory diseases, J. Clin. Invest., 107, 7, 10.1172/JCI11830 Thompson, 2003, p62 overexpression in breast tumors and regulation by prostate-derived Ets factor in breast cancer cells, Oncogene, 22, 2322, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206325 Trocoli, 2011, The complex interplay between autophagy and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in cancer cells, Am. J. Cancer Res., 1, 629 Tsou, 2010, Zinc oxide particles induce inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells via NF-kappaB signaling, J. Hazard. Mater., 183, 182, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.010 Viatour, 2005, Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and IkappaB proteins: implications in cancer and inflammation, Trends Biochem. Sci., 30, 43, 10.1016/j.tibs.2004.11.009 Wang, 2018, A comparative study of toxicity of TiO2, ZnO, and Ag nanoparticles to human aortic smooth-muscle cells, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 13, 8037, 10.2147/IJN.S188175 White, 2013, TiO 2 deposition on AZ31 magnesium alloy using plasma electrolytic oxidation, J. Nanomater., 2013, 11, 10.1155/2013/319437 Wu, 2009, Toxicity and penetration of TiO 2 nanoparticles in hairless mice and porcine skin after subchronic dermal exposure, Toxicol. Lett., 191, 1, 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.020 Xia, 2006, Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm, Nano Lett., 6, 1794, 10.1021/nl061025k Xiong, 2013, Size of TiO 2 nanoparticles influences their phototoxicity: an in vitro investigation, Arch. Toxicol., 87, 99, 10.1007/s00204-012-0912-5 Yan, 2007, Targeting autophagic regulation of NFkappaB in HTLV-I transformed cells by geldanamycin: implications for therapeutic interventions, Autophagy, 3, 600, 10.4161/auto.4761 Yang, 2008, TRAF6 specifically contributes to FcϵRI-mediated cytokine production but not mast cell degranulation, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 32110, 10.1074/jbc.M802610200 Yang, 2017, NF-kappaB signaling activation induced by chloroquine requires autophagosome, p62 protein, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and promotes tumor cell resistance, J. Biol. Chem., 292, 3379, 10.1074/jbc.M116.756536 Yang, 2018, Aggregation state of metal-based nanomaterials at the pulmonary surfactant film determines biophysical inhibition, Environmental Science & Technology, 52, 8920, 10.1021/acs.est.8b02976 Zhang, 2017, Zinc oxide nanoparticles harness autophagy to induce cell death in lung epithelial cells, Cell Death Dis., 8, 10.1038/cddis.2017.337 Zhao, 2014, Nanotoxicology in the skin: how deep is the issue?, Nano LIFE, 4, 1440004, 10.1142/S1793984414400042 Zhao, 2013, Exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles induces autophagy in primary human keratinocytes, Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 9, 387, 10.1002/smll.201201363