Understanding leverage points of rural activities on hillsides in Taiwan

Sustainability Science - Tập 18 - Trang 1705-1719 - 2023
Li-Pei Peng1
1Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Tóm tắt

Interventions to connect humans with nature at system leverage points are crucial for sustainability transformations. Identifying hotspots of deep leverage points can help provide guidance and managerial suggestions. Contemporary research on sustainability encourages public participation amongst stakeholders and the production and use of scientific knowledge. This study argues that hillside rural activities connect humans with nature but alters the natural landscape. Therefore, to determine hillside rural activity hotspots is to identify leverage points for interventions to promote human–nature reconnection. To elucidate the status of hillside rural activities in rural areas as leverage points in sustainability transformations, this study used a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) to inventory and verify the complex and diverse relationships between hillside rural activity and land use. Using the Zhuoshui River Basin as a case study, this study hosted PPGIS workshops to collect data on stakeholders’ perceptions of hillside rural activities and their spatial locations. The analysis revealed that the respondents mostly identified shallow leverage points involving facility maintenance and agricultural production, and sales. Agricultural land use and water conservancy were closely associated with deep leverage points, indicating the necessity to maintain a foundation of continuous agricultural production. Entropic land use was also associated with deep leverage points. This study found that interventions at deep leverage points can highlight the need for proper land use management and the multitude of services it provides. Land use management interventions may facilitate sustainability transformations.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abson DJ, Fischer J, Leventon J, Newig J, Schomerus T, Vilsmaier U, Hv W, Abernethy P, Ives CD, Jager NW, Lang DJ (2017) Leverage points for sustainability transformation. Ambio 46:30–39 Bäckstrand K (2003) Civic science for sustainability: reframing the role of experts, policy-makers and citizens in environmental governance. Glob Environ Politics 3(4):24–41 Banson KE, Nguyen NC, Bosch OJ, Nguye TV (2015) A systems thinking approach to address the complexity of agribusiness for sustainable development in Africa: a case study in Ghana. Syst Res Behav Sci 32:672–688 Biddoccu M, Opsi F, Cavallo E (2014) Relationship between runoff and soil losses with rainfall characteristics and long-term soil management practices in a hilly vineyard (Piedmont, NW Italy). Soil Sci Plant Nutr 60(1):92–99 Boys KA, White KD, Groover G (2017) Fostering rural and agricultural tourism: exploring the potential of geocaching. J Sustain Tour 25(10):1474–1493 Bradley JC, Waliczek TM, Zajicek JM (1999) Relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental attitude of high school students. J Environ Educ 30(3):17–21 Brown G (2017) A review of sampling effects and response bias in internet participatory mapping (PPGIS/PGIS/VGI). Trans GIS 21(1):39–56 Brown G, Kyttä M (2014) Key issues and research priorities for public participation GIS (PPGIS): a synthesis based on empirical research. Appl Geogr 46:122–136 Buta N, Holland SM, Kaplanidou K (2014) Local communities and protected areas: the mediating role of place attachment for pro-environmental civic engagement. J Outdoor Recreat Tour 5:1–10 Chen JF, Wei SQ, Chang KT, Tsai BW (2007) A comparative case study of cultivated land changes in Fujian and Taiwan. Land Use Policy 24(2):386–395 Chen W, He B, Nover D, Lu H, Liu J, Sun W, Chen W (2019) Farm ponds in southern China: Challenges and solutions for conserving a neglected wetland ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 659:1322–1334 Cheng JCH, Monroe MC (2012) Connection to nature: children’s affective attitude toward nature. Environ Behav 44(1):31–49 Chung MK, Lu DJ, Tsai BW, Chou KT (2019) Assessing effectiveness of PPGIS on protected areas by governance quality: a case study of community-based monitoring in Wu-Wei-Kang wildlife refuge, Taiwan. Sustainability 11(15):4154 Cloke P (1997) Country backwater to virtual village? Rural studies and the ‘The cultural turn.’ J Rural Stud 13(4):367–375 Cruz MG, Hernandez EA, Uddameri V (2020) Climatic influences on agricultural drought risks using semiparametric kernel density estimation. Water 12(10):2813 Engen S, Runge C, Brown G, Fauchald P, Nilsen L, Hausner V (2018) Assessing local acceptance of protected area management using public participation GIS (PPGIS). J Nat Conserv 43:27–34 Fischer J, Dyball R, Fazey I, Gross C, Dovers S, Ehrlich PR, Brulle RJ, Christensen C, Borden RJ (2012) Human behavior and sustainability. Front Ecol Environ 10(3):153–160 Foley JA, Defries R, Asner GP, Barford C, Bonan G, Carpenter SR, Chapin FS, Coe MT, Daily GC, Gibbs HK, Helkowski JH, Holloway T, Howard EA, Kucharik CJ, Monfreda C, Patz JA, Prentice IC, Ramankutty N, Snyder PK (2005) Global consequences of land use. Science 309:570–574 Frantz CM, Mayer FS (2014) The importance of connection to nature in assessing environmental education programs. Stud Educ Eval 41:85–89 Gosling E, Williams KJ (2010) Connectedness to nature, place attachment and conservation behaviour: testing connectedness theory among farmers. J Environ Psychol 30(3):298–304 Horlings LG (2015) The inner dimension of sustainability: personal and cultural values. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 14:163–169 Illukpitiya P, Yanagida JF (2008) Role of income diversification in protecting natural forests: evidence from rural households in forest margins of Sri Lanka. Agrofor Syst 74(1):51–62 Ives CD, Giusti M, Fischer J, Abson DJ, Klaniecki K, Dorninger C, Laudan J, Barthel S, Abernethy P, Martín-López B, Raymond CM, Kendal D, Hv W (2017a) Human–nature connection: a multidisciplinary review. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 26:106–113 Ives CD, Oke C, Hehir A, Gordon A, Wang Y, Bekessy SA (2017b) Capturing residents’ values for urban green space: Mapping, analysis and guidance for practice. Landsc Urban Plan 161:32–43 Ives CD, Abson DJ, Hv W, Dorninger C, Klaniecki K, Fischer J (2018) Reconnecting with nature for sustainability. Sustain Sci 13:1389–1397 Jump AS, Huang TJ, Chou CH (2012) Rapid altitudinal migration of mountain plants in Taiwan and its implications for high altitude biodiversity. Ecography 35(3):204–210 Kealiikanakaoleohaililani K, Giardina CP (2016) Embracing the sacred: an indigenous framework for tomorrow’s sustainability science. Sustain Sci 11:57–67 Knapp RG (1976) Chinese frontier settlement in Taiwan. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 66(1):43–51 Kobori H, Primack RB (2003) Participatory conservation approaches for Satoyama, the traditional forest and agricultural landscape of Japan. Ambio 32(4):307–311 Li Y, Westlund H, Liu Y (2019) Why some rural areas decline while some others not: an overview of rural evolution in the world. J Rural Stud 68:135–143 Liefländer AK, Fröhlich G, Bogner FX, Schultz PW (2013) Promoting connectedness with nature through environmental education. Environ Educ Res 19(3):370–384 Lin CC, Lockwood M (2014) Forms and sources of place attachment: evidence from two protected areas. Geoforum 53:74–81 Lin M, Li FY, Ji Z (2020) How to innovate the service design of leisure farms: the innovation of sustainable business models. J Open Innov Technol Market Complexity 6(3):45 Liu J, Mooney H, Hull V, Davis SJ, Gaskell J, Hertel T, Lubchenco J, Seto KC, Gleick P, Kremen C, Li S (2015) Systems integration for global sustainability. Science 347:1258832 Meadows D (1999) Leverage points: places to intervene in a system. The Sustainability Institute, Hartland Meagher BR (2020) Ecologizing social psychology: the physical environment as a necessary constituent of social processes. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 24(1):3–23 Mesfin S, Taye G, Desta Y, Sibhatu B, Muruts H, Mohammedbrhan M (2018) Short-term effects of bench terraces on selected soil physical and chemical properties: landscape improvement for hillside farming in semi-arid areas of northern Ethiopia. Environ Earth Sci 77(11):1–14 Miller JR (2005) Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. Trends Ecol Evol 20(8):430–434 Monjarás-Vega NA, Briones-Herrera CI, Vega-Nieva DJ, Calleros-Flores E, Corral-Rivas JJ, López-Serrano PM, Pompa-García M, Rodríguez-Trejo DA, Carrillo-Parra A, González-Cabán A, Alvarado-Celestino E, Jolly WM (2020) Predicting forest fire kernel density at multiple scales with geographically weighted regression in Mexico. Sci Total Environ 718:137313 Narjes ME, Lippert C (2019) The optimal supply of crop pollination and honey from wild and managed bees: an analytical framework for diverse socio-economic and ecological settings. Ecol Econ 157:278–290 Nature Editorial (2020) Ending hunger: science must stop neglecting smallholder farmers. Nature 586(7829):336 NLSC (2015) National land surveying and mapping spatial database. Retrieved October 22, 2021. https://whgis.nlsc.gov.tw/English/0-1Introduction.aspx Øian H (2013) Wilderness tourism and the moralities of commitment: Hunting and angling as modes of engaging with the natures and animals of rural landscapes in Norway. J Rural Stud 32:177–185 Peng LP (2020) Understanding human–nature connections through landscape socialization. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:7593 Pickles J (1995) Ground truth: the social implications of geographic information system. The Guilford Press, New York Pyle RM (2011) The thunder tree: lessons from an urban wildland. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR Restall B, Conrad E (2015) A literature review of connectedness to nature and its potential for environmental management. J Environ Manage 159:264–278 Rosenberg MN (2022) What matters? The role of values in transformations toward sustainability: a case study of coffee production in Burundi. Sustain Sci 17:507–518 Silverman BW (1986) Density estimation for statistics and data analysis, 1st edn. Chapman & Hall, New York Soga M, Gaston KJ (2016) Extinction of experience: the loss of human–nature interactions. Front Ecol Environ 14(2):94–101 Tam KP (2013) Concepts and measures related to connection to nature: similarities and differences. J Environ Psychol 34:64–78 Tapsuwan S, Leviston Z, Tucker D (2011) Community values and attitudes towards land use on the Gnangara Groundwater System: a sense of place study in Perth, Western Australia. Landsc Urban Plan 100(1–2):24–34 Triantafillidou A, Siomkos G (2013) Summer camping: an extraordinary, nostalgic, and interpersonal experience. J Vacat Mark 19(3):197–208 United Nations Environment Programme (2011) Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth—factsheet. https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/31439 Wynveen CJ, Woosnam KM, Keith SJ, Barr J (2021) Support for wilderness preservation: an investigation of the roles of place attachment and environmental worldview. J Outdoor Recreat Tour 35:100417 Zylstra MJ, Knight AT, Esler KJ, LeGrange LL (2014) Connectedness as a core conservation concern: an interdisciplinary review of theory and a call for practice. Springer Sci Rev 2:119–143