Uncertain climate: An investigation into public scepticism about anthropogenic climate change

Global Environmental Change - Tập 21 - Trang 1015-1024 - 2011
Wouter Poortinga1,2, Alexa Spence3, Lorraine Whitmarsh2, Stuart Capstick2, Nick F. Pidgeon2
1Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Bute Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, Wales, UK
2School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
3Horizon Digital Economy Research, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Sir Colin Campbell Building, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, England, UK

Tài liệu tham khảo

American Psychological Association, 2010 Anderegg, 2009 Anderegg, 2010, Expert credibility in climate change, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 12107, 10.1073/pnas.1003187107 Anderegg, 2010, Reply to O’Neill and Boykoff: objective classification of climate experts, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, E152, 10.1073/pnas.1010824107 Antilla, 2005, Climate of scepticism: U.S. newspaper coverage of the science of climate change, Global Environmental Change, Part A: Human and Policy Dimensions, 15, 338, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.08.003 Berkhout, 2010, Reconstructing boundaries and reason in the climate debate, Global Environmental Change, 20, 565, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.07.006 Bibbings, 2004 Boholm, 2004 Bord, 1997, The gender gap in environmental attitudes: the case of perceived vulnerability to risk, Social Science Quarterly, 78, 830 Bord, 2000, In what sense does the public need to understand global climate change?, Public Understanding of Science, 9, 205, 10.1088/0963-6625/9/3/301 Boykoff, 2004, Balance as bias: global warming and the US prestige press, Global Environmental Change, 14, 125, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.001 Breckler, 1994, A comparison of numerical indices for measuring attitude ambivalence, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 350, 10.1177/0013164494054002009 Burgess, 1998, Environmental communication and the cultural politics of environmental citizenship, Environment and Planning A, 30, 1445, 10.1068/a301445 Capstick, S., 2010. Scepticism within public perspectives on climate change. British Psychological Society Seminar Series, Seminar 1, Psychological Distance & Sustainability, 22 September 2010. School of Psychology, Cardiff. Available from: http://blogs.cf.ac.uk/whitmarsh/resource/Capstick.pdf (accessed: 22.03.11). Carolan, 2010, Sociological ambivalence and climate change, Local Environment, 15, 309, 10.1080/13549831003677662 Cohen, 1988 COI, 2008 Corner, A., 2010. Do climate change sceptics give scepticism a bad name? The Guardian. Available from: www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2010/feb/22/climate-change-sceptics (accessed 17.02.11). Defra, 2002 Defra, 2007 Defra, 2008 De Groot, 2008, Value orientations to explain environmental attitudes and beliefs: how to measure egoistic, altruistic and biospheric value orientations, Environment and Behavior, 40, 330, 10.1177/0013916506297831 Devine-Wright, 2005, Beyond NIMBYism: towards an integrated framework for understanding public perceptions of wind energy, Wind Energy, 8, 125, 10.1002/we.124 Department for Transport, 2010 Doran, 2009, Examining the scientific consensus on climate change, EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 90, 22, 10.1029/2009EO030002 Downing, 2007 DTI, 2003 Dunlap, 2008, A widening gap: republican and democratic views on climate change, Environment, 50, 26, 10.3200/ENVT.50.5.26-35 Dunlap, 2010, Climate change denial: sources actors and strategies Eurobarometer, 2009 Finucane, 2000, Gender, race, and perceived risk: the “white male” effect, Health Risk and Society, 2, 159, 10.1080/713670162 Flynn, 1994, Gender, race, and perception of environmental health risks, Risk Analysis, 14, 1101, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00082.x Hargreaves, 2003 Inglehart, 1990 Jacques, 2008, The organization of denial: conservative think tanks and environmental skepticism, Environmental Politics, 17, 349, 10.1080/09644010802055576 Joireman, 2010, Effect of outdoor temperature, heat primes and anchoring on belief in global warming, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 358, 10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.03.004 Jonas, 2000, Attitudinal ambivalence, European Review of Social Psychology, 11, 35, 10.1080/14792779943000125 Kerr, 2009, Climate change: amid worrisome signs of warming ‘climate fatigue’ sets in, Science, 326, 926, 10.1126/science.326.5955.926 Kollmuss, 2002, Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?, Environmental Education Research, 8, 239, 10.1080/13504620220145401 Lavine, 1998, On the primacy of affect in the determination of attitudes and behavior: the moderating role of affective-cognitive ambivalence, Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 34, 398, 10.1006/jesp.1998.1357 Leiserowitz, 2005, American risk perceptions: is climate change dangerous?, Risk Analysis, 25, 1433, 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00690.x Leiserowitz, 2010 Leiserowitz, 2010 Lindeman, 2005, Measuring values with the short Schwartz's values survey, Journal of Personality Assessment, 85, 170, 10.1207/s15327752jpa8502_09 Lorenzoni, 2006, Cross-national comparisons of image associations with ‘global warming’ and ‘climate change’ among laypeople in the United States of America and Great Britain, Journal of Risk Research, 9, 265, 10.1080/13669870600613658 Lorenzoni, 2007, Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications, Global Environmental Change, 17, 445, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.01.004 Lowe, 2006, Does tomorrow ever come? Disaster narrative and public perceptions of climate change, Public Understanding of Science, 15, 435, 10.1177/0963662506063796 McCright, 2007, Dealing with climate change contrarian, 200 Michaels, 2005, Manufacturing uncertainty: contested science and the protection of the public's health and environment, Public Health Matters, 95, s39 Nature editorial, 2010, Climate of fear, Nature, 464, 141, 10.1038/464141a Norton, 2004 O’Neill, 2010, Climate denier, skeptic, or contrarian?, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, E151, 10.1073/pnas.1010507107 Oreskes, 2010 Patt, 2005, Communicating uncertainty: lessons learned and suggestions for climate change assessment, Geoscience, 337, 425, 10.1016/j.crte.2004.10.004 Petty, 1995 Pidgeon, 2009, Risk analysis and climate change, Environmental Politics, 18, 670, 10.1080/09644010903156976 Pidgeon, 2008, Climate change or nuclear power – no thanks! A quantitative study of public perceptions and risk framing in Britain, Global Environmental Change, 18, 69, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.09.005 Poortinga, 2004, Trust, the asymmetry principle, and the role of prior beliefs, Risk Analysis, 24, 1475, 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00543.x Poortinga, 2006, Exploring the structure of attitudes toward genetically modified food, Risk Analysis, 26, 1, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00828.x Poortinga, W., Pidgeon, N.F., Lorenzoni, I., 2006. Public Perceptions of Nuclear Power, Climate Change and Energy Options in Britain: Summary Findings of a Survey Conducted during October and November 2005. Technical Report (Understanding Risk Working Paper 06-02). Centre for Environmental Risk, Norwich. Poortinga, 2004, Values environmental concern and environmental behaviour: a study into household energy use, Environment and Behaviour, 36, 70, 10.1177/0013916503251466 Rahmstorf, 2004 Satterfield, 2004, Discrimination, vulnerability, and justice in the face of risk, Risk Analysis, 24, 115, 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00416.x Schwartz, 1992, Universals in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1, 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6 SDC, 2008 Shackley, 2005, The public perception of carbon dioxide capture and storage in the UK: results from focus groups and a survey, Climate Policy, 4, 377, 10.3763/cpol.2004.0428 Slimak, 2006, Personal values, beliefs, and ecological risk perception, Risk Analysis, 26, 1689, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00832.x Spence, 2009, Psychology, climate change and sustainable behaviour, Environment, 51, 8, 10.1080/00139150903337217 Spence, A., Pidgeon, N., Poortinga, W., Venables, D., 2010. Blowing Hot And Cold On Climate Change: British Public Perceptions 2010. Paper presented at the Climate Change Perceptions, Risk Communication and Public Engagement Workshop, Cumberland Lodge, UK, July 2010. Stern, 2000, Towards a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior, Journal of Social Issues, 56, 407, 10.1111/0022-4537.00175 Stoll-Kleemann, 2001, The psychology of denial concerning climate mitigation measures: evidence from Swiss focus groups, Global Environmental Change, 11, 107, 10.1016/S0959-3780(00)00061-3 Thompson, 1995, Let's not be indifferent about (attitudinal) ambivalence Toke, 2005, Explaining wind power planning outcomes: some findings from a study in England and Wales, Energy Policy, 33, 1527, 10.1016/S0301-4215(04)00017-5 Upham, P., Whitmarsh, L., Poortinga, W., Purdam, K., Darnton, A., McLachlan, C., Devine-Wright, P., 2009. Public Attitudes to Environmental Change: a selective review of theory and practice. A research synthesis for the Living with Environmental Change Programme, Research Councils UK. Upreti, 2004, Conflict over biomass energy development in the United Kingdom: some observations and lessons from England and Wales, Energy Politics, 32, 785, 10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00342-7 Weber, 2010, What shapes perceptions of climate change?, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1, 332, 10.1002/wcc.41 Whitmarsh, L., 2005. A study of public understanding of and response to climate change in the South of England. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath. Whitmarsh, 2009, What's in a name? Commonalities and differences in public understanding of “climate change” and “global warming”, Public Understanding of Science, 18, 401, 10.1177/0963662506073088 Whitmarsh, L., 2011. Scepticism and uncertainty about climate change: dimensions, determinants and change over time. Global Environmental Change (doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.016). Whitmarsh, 2011, Public engagement with carbon and climate change: to what extent is the public ‘carbon capable’?, Global Environmental Change, 21, 56, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.07.011 Wynne, 2002, Risk and environment as legitimatory discourses of technology: reflexivity inside out?, Current Sociology, 50, 459, 10.1177/0011392102050003010