Ultraviolet-blue plumage colouration can be perceived as an indicator of fluctuating asymmetry by Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)

Alonso-Alvarez C, Doutrelant C, Sorci G (2004) Ultraviolet reflectance affects male–male interactions in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Behav Ecol 15:805–809

Alonso-Alvarez C, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Mateo R, Chastel O, Viñuela J (2008) The oxidation handicap hypothesis and the carotenoid allocation trade-off. J Evol Biol 21:1789–1797

Andersson S (1999) Morphology of UV reflectance in a whistling-thrush: implications for the study of structural colour signalling in birds. J Avian Biol 30:193–204

Andersson S, Örnborg J, Andersson M (1998) Ultraviolet sexual dimorphism and assortative mating in blue tits. Proc R Soc Lond B 265:445–450

Aparicio JM, Bonal R (2002) Why do some traits show higher fluctuating asymmetry than others? A test of hypotheses with tail feathers of birds. Heredity 89:139–144

Campenhausen MV, Kirschfeld K (1998) Spectral sensitivity of the accessory optic system of the pigeon. J Comp Physiol A 183:1–6

Crawley MJ (1993) GLIM for ecologists. Blackwell, Oxford

Cuthill IC (2006) Color perception. In: Hill GE, McGraw K (eds) Bird coloration, vol I: mechanisms and measurements. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 3–40

Delhey K, Johnsen A, Peters A, Andersson S, Kempenaers B (2003) Paternity analysis reveals opposing selection pressures on crown coloration in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Proc R Soc Lond B 270:2057–2063

Delhey K, Johnsen A, Peters A, Andersson S, Kempenaers B (2006) Seasonal changes in blue tit crown color: do they signal individual quality? Behav Ecol 17:790–798

Delhey K, Peters A, Johnsen A, Kempenaers B (2007) Fertilization success and UV ornamentation in blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus: correlational and experimental evidence. Behav Ecol 18:399–409

Doucet SM (2002) Structural plumage coloration, male body size, and condition in the blue-black grassquit. Condor 104:30–38

Endler JA, Mielke PW (2005) Comparing entire colour patterns as birds see them. Biol J Linn Soc 86:405–431

Fitzpatrick S (1998) Colour schemes for birds: structural coloration and signals of quality in feathers. Ann Zool Fenn 35:67–77

Galván I (2010) Plumage coloration can be perceived as a multiple condition-dependent signal by great tits Parus major. Ibis 152:359–367

Galván I, Alonso-Alvarez C (2008) An intracellular antioxidant determines the expression of a melanin-based signal in a bird. PLoS ONE 3:e3335

Galván I, Alonso-Alvarez C (2009) The expression of melanin-based plumage is separately moduated by exogenous oxidative stress and a melanocortin. Proc R Soc Lond B 276:3089–3097

Galván I, Díaz L, Sanz JJ (2009) Relationships between territory quality and carotenoid-based plumage colour, cell-mediated immune response, and body mass in great tit Parus major nestlings. Acta Ornithol 44:139–150

Gosler AG, Harper DGC (2000) Assessing the heritability of body condition in birds: a challange exemplified by the great tit Parus major L. (Aves). Biol J Linn Soc 71:103–117

Grafen A (1990) Biological signals as handicaps. J Theor Biol 144:517–546

Griffith SC, Örnborg J, Russell AF, Andersson S, Sheldon BC (2003) Correlations between ultraviolet coloration, overwinter survival and offspring sex ratio in the blue tit. J Evol Biol 16:1045–1054

Hadfield JD, Owens IPF (2006) Strong environmental determination of a carotenoid-based plumage trait is not mediated by carotenoid availability. J Evol Biol 19:1104–1114

Hart NS, Partridge JC, Cuthill IC, Bennett ATD (2000) Visual pigments, oil droplets, ocular media and cone photoreceptor distribution in two species of passerine bird: the blue tit (Parus caeruleus L.) and the blackbird (Turdus merula L.). J Comp Physiol A 186:375–387

Hasson O (1997) Towards a general theory of biological signaling. J Theor Biol 185:139–156

Hill GE (2006) Female mate choice for ornamental coloration. In: Hill GE, McGraw KJ (eds) Bird coloration, vol II: function and evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 137–200

Hunt S, Bennett ATD, Cuthill IC, Griffiths R (1998) Blue tits are ultraviolet tits. Proc R Soc Lond B 265:451–455

Jenni L, Winkler R (1994) Moult and ageing of European passerines. Academic, London

Johnsen A, Delhey K, Andersson S, Kempenaers B (2003) Plumage colour in nestling blue tits: sexual dichromatism, condition-dependence and genetic effects. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:2057–2063

Johnsen A, Delhey K, Schlicht E, Peters A, Kempenaers B (2005) Male sexual attractiveness and parental effort in blue tits: an experimental test of the differential allocation hypothesis. Anim Behav 70:877–888

Kemp DJ, Vukusic P, Rutowski RL (2006) Stress-mediated covariance between nano-structural architecture and ultraviolet butterfly coloration. Funct Ecol 20:282–289

Keyser AJ, Hill GE (1999) Condition-dependent variation in the blue-ultraviolet coloration of a structurally-based plumage ornament. Proc R Soc Lond B 265:771–777

Korsten P, Lessells CM, Christa Mateman A, van der Velde M, Komdeur J (2006) Primary sex ratio adjustment to experimentally reduced male UV attractivenes in blue tits. Behav Ecol 17:539–546

Limbourg T, Mateman AC, Andersson S, Lessells CM (2004) Female blue tits adjust parental effort to manipulated male UV attractiveness. Proc R Soc Lond B 271:1903–1908

Maier EJ, Bowmaker JK (1993) Colour vision in the passeriform bird, Leiothrix lutea: correlation of visual pigment absorbency and oil droplet transmission with spectral sensitivity. J Comp Physiol A 172:295–301

McGraw KJ, Mackillop EA, Dale J, Hauber M (2002) Different colors reveal different information: how nutritional stress affects the expression of melanin- and structurally based ornamental plumage. J Exp Biol 205:3747–3755

Møller AP (1991) Sexual ornament size and the cost of fluctuating asymmetry. Proc R Soc Lond B 243:59–62

Møller AP (1997) Developmental stability and fitness: a review. Am Nat 149:916–932

Møller AP, Höglund J (1991) Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in avian feather ornaments: implications for models of sexual selection. Proc R Soc Lond B 245:1–5

Møller AP, Swaddle JP (1997) Asymmetry, developmental stability, and evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Møller AP, Thornhill R (1998) Bilateral symmetry and sexual selection: a meta-analysis. Am Nat 151:174–192

Mougeot F, Martínez-Padilla J, Webster LM, Blount JD, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Piertney SB (2009) Honest sexual signalling mediated by parasite and testosterone effects on oxidative balance. Proc R Soc Lond B 276:1093–1100

Örnborg J, Andersson S, Griffith SC, Sheldon BC (2002) Seasonal changes in a ultraviolet structural colour signal in blue tits, Parus caeruleus. Biol J Linn Soc 76:237–245

Osorio D, Miklosi A, Gonda Z (1999) Visual ecology and perception of coloration patterns by domestic chicks. Evol Ecol 13:673–689

Peters A, Delhey K, Johnsen A, Kempenaers B (2007) The condition-dependent development of carotenoid-based and structural plumage in nestling blue tits: males and females differ. Am Nat 169:S122–S136

Poesel A, Dabelsteen T, Darden S-K, Delhey K, Peters A (2007) Territorial responses of male blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus, to UV-manipulated neighbours. J Ornithol 148:179–187

Poston JP, Hasselquist D, Stewart IRK, Westneat DF (2005) Dietary amino acids influence plumage traits and immune responses of male house sparrows, Passer domesticus, but not as expected. Anim Behav 70:1171–1181

Prum RO (2006) Anatomy, physics, and evolution of structural colours. In: Hill GE, McGraw KJ (eds) Bird coloration, volume I: mechanisms and measurements. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 295–353

R Development Core Team (2004) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna

Sanz JJ, Arriero E, Moreno J, Merino S (2001) Female hematozoan infection reduces hatching success but not fledging success in Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca. Auk 118:750–755

Shawkey MD, Hill GE (2006) Significance of a basal melanin layer to production of non-iridescent structural plumage color: evidence from an amelanotic Steller’s jay (Cyanocitta stelleri). J Exp Biol 209:1245–1250

Shawkey MD, Estes AM, Siefferman LM, Hill GE (2003) Nanostructure predicts intraspecific variation in ultraviolet-blue plumage colour. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:1455–1460

Sheldon BC, Andersson S, Griffith SC, Örnborg J, Sendecka J (1999) Ultraviolet colour variation influences blue tit sex ratios. Nature 402:874–877

Siefferman L, Hill GE (2005) UV-blue structural coloration and competition for nestboxes in male eastern bluebirds. Anim Behav 69:67–72

Stige LC, Slagsvold T, Vøllestad LA (2005) Individual fluctuating asymmetry in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) persists across moults, but is not heritable and not related to fitness. Evol Ecol Res 7:381–406

Stige LC, Hessen DO, Vøllestad LA (2006) Fitness, developmental instability, and the ontogeny of fluctuating asymmetry in Daphnia magna. Biol J Linn Soc 88:179–192

van Dongen S, Molenberghs G, Matthysen E (1999) The statistical analysis of fluctuating asymmetry: REML estimation of a mixed regression model. J Evol Biol 12:94–102

Vorobyev M, Osorio D, Bennett ATD, Marshall NJ, Cuthill IC (1998) Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colours. J Comp Physiol A 183:621–633

Zahavi A (1975) Mate selection—a selection for a handicap. J Theor Biol 53:205–214

Zar JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis, 4th edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey