Ultrasonic condition boosts up the rate of phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of acrylonitrile in two-phase system

Cunningham MF, Hutchinson RA (2003) Industrial applications and processes. Handbook of radical polymerization. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 333–359 Matyjaszewski K, Davis Thomas P (2003) Handbook of radical polymerization. Wiley, Hoboken Braun D (2009) Origins and development of initiation of free radical polymerization processes. Int J Polym Sci 2009:10 Ishige T, Hamielec AE (1973) Solution polymerization of acrylamide to high conversion. J Appl Polym Sci 17:1479–1506 Takahashi T, Hori Y, Sato I (1968) Coordinated radical polymerization and redox polymerization of acrylamide by cericammoniumnitrate. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 6:2091–2102 Tunca U, Serhatli IE, Yagci Y (1989) Polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the redox system Ce(IV)-4,4′-azobis (4-cyano pentanol). Polym Bull 22:483–488 Cakmak I, Hazer B, Yagci Y (1991) Polymerization of acrylamide by the redox system cerium (IV) with poly (ethylene glycol) with azo groups. Eur Polym J 27:101–103 Erim M, Erciyes AT, Serhatli IE, Yagci Y (1991) Aqueous polymerization of acrylamide initiated by 4,4′-azobis (4-cyano pentanol) and chain extension of polyacrylamide by means of ceric ion redox systems. Polym Bull 27:361–366 Oster GK, Oster G, Parti G (1957) Dye-sensitized photo polymerization of acrylamide. J Am Chem Soc 79:595–598 Ogumij Z, Tari I, Takahara Z, Yoshizawa S (1974) The electro-initiated polymerization of acrylamide in an aqueous solution of trifluoroacetic acid and potassium trifluoroacetate. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 47:1843–1846 Chapiro A, Perec L (1971) Polymerization of acrylamide using radiochemical technique in different nature. Eur Polym J 7:1335–1355 Jones RA (2001) Quaternary ammonium salts: their use in phase transfer catalysis. Academic Press, New York Starks CM, Liotta C (1994) Phase transfer catalysis: principles and techniques. Academic Press, New York Dehmlow EV, Dehmlow SS (1983) Phase transfer catalysis, monographs in modern chemistry, vol 11. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim Weber WP, Gokel GW (1977) Phase transfer catalysis in organic synthesis. Springer, Berlin Sasson Y, Neumann R (1997) Handbook of phase transfer catalysis. Chapman and Hall, New York Starks CM, Liotta CL, Halpern M (1994) Phase transfer catalysis: fundamentals, applications and industrial perspectives. Chapman and Hall, New York Makosza M, Fedorynski M (2003) Phase transfer catalysis. Catal Rev 45:321–367 Albanese D (2003) Liquid–liquid phase transfer catalysis: basic principles and synthetic applications. Catal Rev 45:369–395 Jwo J-J (2003) Phase transfer catalysis: fundamentals and selected systems. Catal Rev 45:397–461 Yang H-M, Wu H-S (2003) Interfacial mechanism and kinetics of phase transfer catalysis. Catal Rev 45:463–540 Balakrishnan T, Damodarkumar S (2000) Phase transfer catalysis: free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile using peroxymonosulphate/tetrabutylphosphonium chloride catalyst system: a kinetic study. J Appl Polym Sci 76:1564–1571 Balakrishnan T, Damodarkumar S (2000) Phase transfer catalysed free radical polymerization: kinetics of polymerization of butyl methacrylate using peroxymonosulphate/tetrabutyl phosphonium chloride catalyst system. Ind J Chem Sec A 39A:751–755 Jayakrishnan A, Shah DO (1983) Phase-transfer-catalysed free-radical polymerization: kinetics of polymerization of methyl methacrylate using ammonium peroxydisulfate/hexadecyl pyridinium chloride in ethyl acetate/water. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Edn 21:3201–3208 Umapathy MJ, Mohan D (1999) Studies on phase transfer catalysed polymerization of acrylonitrile. Hung J Ind Chem 27(4):245–250 Umapathy MJ, Balakrishnan T (1998) Kinetics and mechanism of polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by phase transfer catalyst-ammonium perdisulfate system. J Polym Mater 15:275–278 Umapathy MJ, Mohan D (1999) Studies on phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate. J Polym Mater 16(2):167–171 Umapathy MJ, Mohan D (2001) Phase transfer polymerization of butyl methacrylate using potassium peroxydisulfate as initiator—a kinetic study. Indian J Chem Tech 8(6):510–514 Umapathy MJ, Malaisamy R, Mohan D (2000) Kinetics and mechanism of phase transfer catalyzed free radical polymerization of methyl acrylate. J Macromol Sci Part A Pure Appl Chem 37(11):1437–1445 Thajudeen H, Jamal Ahamed VS, Shabeer TK (2008) Phase transfer catalysis: polymerization kinetics and mechanism of methyl acrylate. Int J Polym Mater 57:904–917 Damodarkumar S, Perumal A (2007) Kinetics of free radical polymerization of methylacrylate initiated by potassium peroxomonosulphate and tetrabutyl phosphonium chloride. Asian J Chem 19:5081–5088 Jamal Ahamed VS, Thajudeen H, Shabeer TK (2012) Radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by KHSO5– BTBAC system—a kinetic study. J Polym Res 19:9779 Murugesan V, Umapathy MJ (2016) Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two phase system-a kinetic study. Int J Ind Chem 7:441–448 Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ, Bharathbabu M (2007) Polymerization of acrylonitrile using potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator in the presence of a multisite phase-transfer catalyst: a kinetic study. J Appl Polym Sci 105:3634–3639 Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ (2008) Synthesis and characterization of multi-site phase transfer catalyst: application in radical polymerisation of acrylonitrile—a kinetic study. J Polym Res 15:27–36 Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ (2008) Multi-site phase transfer catalyst assisted radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate using potassium peroxydisulphate as initiator—a kinetic study. J Polym Res 15:235–240 Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ (2008) Free radical polymerisation of methyl methacrylate initiated by multi-site phase transfer catalyst—a kinetic study. Colloid Polym Sci 286:729–738 Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ (2009) Kinetics and mechanism of multi-site phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of ethyl methacrylate. Int J Polym Mater 58:61–76 Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ (2010) Multi-site phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of n-butyl methacrylate: a kinetic study. Chem Eng Commun 197:352–365 Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ (2010) Synthesis, characterization and application of a multi-site phase transfer catalyst in radical polymerization of n-butyl methacrylate—a kinetic study. Int J Polym Mater 59:647–662 Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ (2011) Kinetics of radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate initiated by multi-site phase transfer catalyst–potassium peroxydisulfate in two-phase system. J Appl Polym Sci 120:1794–1799 Usha J, Shymalavathy P, Umapathy MJ (2009) Free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile using potassium peroxydisulfate initiator and a phase transfer catalyst. Int J Polym Mater 58:99–110 Mathur R, Mathur S, Kanoongo N, Narang CK, Mathur NK (1992) Use of phase transfer catalysts to aid initiation in suspension vinyl polymerization. Polymer 33:217–218 Osaitis A, Makuška R (1994) Homolytic scission of peroxydisulfate under conditions of free-radical phase-transfer-catalyzed polymerization. Polymer 35:4896–4900 Chen D, Sharma SK, Mudhoo A (2012) Hand book on applications of ultrasound: sonochemistry for sustainability. CRC Press, London Ashokkumar M (2016) Handbook of ultrasonics and sonochemistry. Springer, Singapore Bang JH, Suslick KS (2010) Applications of ultrasound to the synthesis of nanostructured materials. Adv Mater 22:1039–1059 Paulusse Jos MJ, Sijbesma RP (2006) Ultrasound in polymer chemistry: revival of established technique. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 44:5445–5453 Bhanvase BA, Sonawane SH (2014) Ultrasound assisted in situ emulsion polymerization for polymer nanocomposite: a review. Chem Eng Process 85:86–107 Adewuyi YG (2001) Sonochemistry: environmental science and engineering applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 40:4681–4715 Mason TJ (1997) Ultrasound in synthetic organic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 26:443–451 Wang ML, Rajendran V (2007) Kinetics for dichlorocyclopropanation of 1,7-octadiene under the influence of ultrasound assisted phase-transfer catalysis conditions. J Mol Catal A Chem 273:5–13 Wang ML, Rajendran V (2006) A kinetic study of thioether synthesis under influence of ultrasound assisted phase-transfer catalysis conditions. J Mol Catal A Chem 244:237–243 Wang ML, Rajendran V (2007) Ultrasound assisted phase-transfer catalytic epoxidation of 1,7-octadiene—a kinetic study. Ultrason Sonochem 14:46–54 Wang ML, Rajendran V (2007) Ethoxylation of p-chloronitrobenzene using phase-transfer catalysts by ultrasound irradiation—a kinetic study. Ultrason Sonochem 14:368–374 Wang ML, Chen WH (2009) Kinetic study of synthesizing dimethoxydiphenylmethane under phase-transfer catalysis and ultrasonic irradiation. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:1376–1383 Korkut I, Bayramoglu M (2014) Various aspects of ultrasound assisted emulsion polymerization process. Ultrason Sonochem 21:1592–1599 Degirmenci M, Catalgil-Giz H, Yagci Y (2004) Synthesis of block copolymers by combined ultrasonic irradiation and reverse atom transfer radical polymerization processes. J Polym Sci Polym Chem 42:534–540 Cass P, Knower W, Pereeia E, Holmes NP, Hughes T (2010) Preparation of hydrogels via ultrasonic polymerization. Ultrason Sonochem 17:326–332 Sankar K, Rajendran V (2012) Ultrasound assisted free radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate by a new di-site phase-transfer catalyst system: a kinetic study. Ultrason Sonochem 19:1205–1212 Sankar K, Rajendran V (2013) Polymerization of ethyl methacrylate under the influence of ultrasound assisted a new multi-site phase-transfer catalyst system—a kinetic study. Ultrason Sonochem 20:329–337 Loganathan S, Rajendran V (2013) Ultrasound assisted polymerization of N-vinyl imidazole under phase-transfer catalysis condition—a kinetic study. Ultrason Sonochem 20:308–313 Murugan E, Thamizarasu G (2012) Synthesis and characterization of new soluble multi-site phase transfer catalysts and their catalysis in free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate aided by ultrasound—a kinetic study. J Appl Polym Sci 125:263–273 Vivekanand PA, Wang ML, Hsieh YM (2013) Sonolytic and silent polymerization of methacrlyic acid butyl ester catalyzed by a new onium salt with bis-active sites in a biphasic system—a comparative investigation. Molecules 18:2419–2437 Marimuthu E, Murugesan V (2017) Influence of ultrasonic condition on phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of methyl methacrylate in two phase system-a kinetic study. Ultrason Sonochem 38:560–569 Brandrup J, Immerugut EH, Grulke EA (1999) Polymer handbook, 4th edn. Wiley, New York Grassie N, Scott G (1988) Polymer degradation and stabilization. Cambridge University Press, New York, p 222 Korobeinyk AV, Raymond LD, Sergey Whitby, Mikhalovsky V (2012) High temperature oxidative resistance of polyacrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate copolymer powder converting to a carbonized monolith. Eur Polym J 48:97–104 Van Krevelen DW, Nijenhuis KT (2009) Chemical degradation. Properties of polymers, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 779–786