Ultracapacitors: why, how, and where is the technology

Conway, 1999

I.D. Raistrick, R.J. Sherman, Electrical Response of Electrochemical Capacitors based on High Surface Area Ruthenium Oxide Electrodes, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Report No. LA-UR-87-2340, 1987.

Raistrick, 1992, Electrochemical capacitors

Delnik, 1994, Double-layer capacitance of carbon foam electrodes

Roberson, 1997, Behavior of molybdenum nitrides for electrochemical capacitors

Kurzweil, 1997, Metal oxide supercapacitors for automotive applications

Tong, 1988, Power characteristics of the ultracapacitor

Goodwin, 1994, Development of PRI ultracapacitors for SLI and other automotive applications

J.T. Guerin, Ultracapacitors as Peak Power Devices in Electric Vehicles, MS Thesis, University of California-Davis, 1996.

J. DeGaynor, PRI 100 Volts Ultracapacitor Testing (Final Report), Prepared by the AeroVironment, for the California Energy Commission, January 1997.

Goodwin, 1992, Examples of advanced PRI ultracapacitor product development

Jow, 1994, Electrochemical capacitors based on amorphous ruthenium oxide (RuO2·H2O)

Chen, 1999, The performance of thin amorphous RuO2·H2O capacitors

Zheng, 1995, High power and high energy density capacitors with composite hydrous ruthenium oxide electrodes

Lee, 1999, Electrochemical oxide pseudocapacitor working in a mild aqueous electrolyte

Doddapaneni, 1999, Development of pulse power systems

Rudge, 1994, Conducting polymers as active materials in electrochemical capacitors, J. Power Sources, 47, 89, 10.1016/0378-7753(94)80053-7

Zhichao, 1998, Performance of prototype ultracapacitor based on conducting polymer active material

Lin, 1999, Performance study of electrochemical capacitors based on poly 3-(3,4-difluorphenyl) thiophene

Beliakov, 1997, Development and application of combined capacitors: double electric layer — pseudocapacity

Varakin, 1998, New ultracapacitors developed by JSC ESMA for various applications

Volfkovich, 1998, High energy density supercapacitor

Marincic, 1997, Continuing scale-up of carbon based electrochemical capacitors

Burke, 1994, Electrochemical capacitors for electric vehicles — technology update and implementation considerations