US research in ice mechanics: 1987–1990

American Petroleum Institute, 1988 Ashby, 1986, The failure of brittle solids containing small cracks under compressive stress states, Acta Metall. Mater., 34, 497, 10.1016/0001-6160(86)90086-6 Bentley, 1988, Fracture of S2 columnar freshwater ice: floating double cantilever beam tests, IAHR'88, vol. 1, 152 Bentley, 1989, Fracture toughness of columnar freshwater ice from large scale double cantilever beams (DCB) tests, CRST, 17, 7 Bentley, 1987, Experimental determination of the fracture toughness of urea model ice, POAC'87, Vol. 1, 289 Bhat, 1988, Analysis for splitting of ice floes during summer impact, CRST, 15, 53 Bhat, 1990, Modeling of size effect in ice mechanics using fractal concepts, ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng., 112, 370, 10.1115/1.2919880 Bhat, 1989, Failure analysis of impacting ice floes, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 275 Blair, 1987, Mechanical properties of first-year sea ice at intermediate strain rates, POAC'87, Vol. 3, 1 Borland, 1988, The growth of EG/AD/S model ice in a small tank, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 47 Brown, 1987, A constitutive equation for sea ice based on microstructure and irreversible thermodynamics, OMAE'87, Vol. VI, 209 Cannon, 1990, Wing cracks and brittle compressive fracture, Acta Metall. Mater., 38, 1955, 10.1016/0956-7151(90)90307-3 Cheang, 1987, Design of gravity structures under iceberg loading, OMAE'87, Vol. IV, 55 Chehayeb, 1987, Sea-ice indentation in creeping mode, ASCE J. Eng. Mech., 113, 965, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1987)113:7(965) Chen, 1989, Strength and deformation of spray ice, POAC'89, Vol. 2, 681 Choi, 1989, A damage mechanics model for uniaxial creep and cyclic loading of polycrystalline ice, OMAE'89, Vol. 4, 75 1987, 40(9), 1191 Clark, 1989, Measuring the complex shear modulus of ice using the Fitzgerald apparatus, OMAE'89, Vol. 4, 31 Cole, 1987, Strain-rate and grain-size effects in ice, J. Glaciol., 33, 274, 10.1017/S0022143000008844 Cole, 1988, Crack nucleation in polycrystalline ice, CRST, 15, 79 Cole, 1988, Strain energy failure criterion for S2 freshwater ice in flexure, IAHR'88, Vol. 1, 206 Cole, 1990, Cyclic loading of saline ice: initial experimental results, OMAE'90, vol. IV, 265 Cole, 1990, Reversed direct-stress testing of ice: Initial experimental results and analysis, CRST, 18, 303 Cole, 1991, Microfracture and the compressive failure of polycrystalline ice, 231 Cole, 1989, Uniaxial tension-compression tests on ice - preliminary results, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 37 Cole, 1990, Reversed direct-stress testing of ice: Equipment and example results, CRST, 18, 295 Coon, 1989, Time-dependent effect on ridge initiation in sea ice leads, OCEANS'89, 1298, 10.1109/OCEANS.1989.587528 Coon, 1989, Observations of ice floe stress in the Eastern Arctic, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 44 Cox, 1987, Mukluk ice stress measurement program, POAC'87, 457 Cox, 1988, Profile properties of undeformed first-year sea ice, 57 Cox, 1988, Numerical simulation of the profile properties of undeformed first-year sea ice during the growth season, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 12449, 10.1029/JC093iC10p12449 DeFranco, 1990, Crack growth stability in S2 ice, IAHR'90, Vol. 1, 168 DeFranco, 1990, Preliminary mixed mode fracture experiments on S2 columnar freshwater ice, OMAE'90, Vol. IV, 247 DeFranco, 1991, Notch acuity effects on the fracture toughness of saline ice, Ann. Glaciol., 15, 10.1017/S0260305500009782 Dempsey, 1991, The fracture toughness of ice, 109 Dempsey, 1988, The flexure and fracture of macrocrystalline S1 type freshwater ice, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 39 Dempsey, 1989, Fracture toughness of S2 columnar freshwater ice: crack length and specimen size effects - Part 1, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 83 Dempsey, 1989, Fracture toughness of S2 columnar freshwater ice: crack length and specimen size effects - Part 2, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 199 Dempsey, 1989, Fracture toughness KQ and fractography of S1 type freshwater ice, Vol. V, 3421 Dorris, 1989, The use of residual strength in the calculation of global crushing forces on wide structures, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 467 Dorris, 1991, A plasticity model for the crushing of ice, 311 Dorris, 1989, On the relationship between global and local ice crushing loads, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 481 Flato, 1989, The effect of ice pressure on marginal ice zone dynamics, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 27, 514, 10.1109/TGRS.1989.35934 Flato, 1990, On a simple sea ice dynamics model for climate studies, Ann. Glaciol., 14, 72, 10.1017/S0260305500008296 Gow, 1989, Structure and temperature dependence of the flexural properties of laboratory freshwater ice sheets, CRST, 16, 249 Hallam, 1989, The effects of sub-surface irregularities on the strength of multi-year ice, ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng., 111, 350, 10.1115/1.3257106 Hausler, 1981, Multiaxial compressive strength tests on saline ice with brush-type loading platens, Vol. 2, 526 Haynes, 1989, Ice reinforced with geogrid, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 179 Hibler, 1986, Ice dynamics, 577 Hopkins, 1989, On modeling the energetics of the ridging process, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 175 Hopkins, 1991, Numerical simulations of a compact convergent system of ice floes, Ann. Glaciol., 15, 26, 10.1017/S0260305500009502 Ip, 1991, On the effects of rheology on the seasonal sea ice simulation, Ann. Glaciol., 15, 17, 10.1017/S0260305500009496 Jeffries, 1988, Initial mechanical and physical-structural property measurements of old sea and brackish ice from Ward Hunt ice shelf, Canada, IAHR'88, Vol. 1, 177 Jeffries, 1990, Failure stress and failure modulus of natural ice island ice under uniaxial compression at instant strain rates, OMAE'90, Vol. 4, 223 Johannessen, 1988, MIZEX'87: Overview of the winter marginal ice zone experiment in the Greenland and Barents seas, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 99 Johnson, 1987, Verification tests of the surface integral method for calculating structural ice loads, POAC'87, Vol. 1, 449 Johnson, 1987, Iceberg impact strength, 417 Johnson, 1989, Calculation of iceberg impact forces, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 546 Jones, 1991, The kinetic friction of laboratory-grown saline ice against itself at low sliding velocities, Ann. Glaciol., 15, 242, 10.1017/S0260305500009800 Jones, 1982, The confined compressive strength of polycrystalline ice, J. Glaciol., 28, 171, 10.1017/S0022143000011874 Kaldjian, 1989, Ice loads on offshore structures of various waterline geometry, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 557 Kalifa, 1989, Crack nucleation in polycrystalline ice under compressive stress states, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 13 Karr, 1989, A three-dimensional constitutive damage model for polycrystalline ice, Mech. Mater., 8, 55, 10.1016/0167-6636(89)90005-7 Kerr, 1987, The effect of oscillating loads on the bearing capacity of floating ice covers, CRST, 13, 219 Kerr, 1988, On the determination of the average Young's modulus for a floating ice cover, CRST, 15, 39 Kozo, 1988, The role of alternating cyclones and anticyclones in triggering sea ice fracture in the Canadian Arctic Basin, IAHR'88, Vol. 1, 633 Kuehn, 1988, The effects of prestrain on the compressive ductile-to-brittle transition in ice, IAHR'88, Vol. 1, 109 Kuehn, 1988, The structure and tensile behavior of first-year sea ice and laboratory-grown saline ice, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 11 Kuehn, 1988, Reinforced ice: mechanical properties and cost analysis for its use in platforms and roads, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 193 Lasonde, 1988, The effects of end conditions on the strength and fracture of ice under compression, IAHR'88, Vol. 1, 99 Lau, 1989, Bending and compression properties of young sea ice, Vol. 4, 1292 Laughlin, 1987, The compressive strength of ice containing a bimodel distribution of grain sizes, OMAE'87, Vol. IV, 167 Lee, 1987, Vessel transit through ridged ice, OMAE'87, Vol. IV, 307 Lewis, 1988, Higher frequency ambient noise in the Arctic Ocean, J. Acousti. Soci. Am., 84, 1444, 10.1121/1.396591 Luk, 1990, Creep buckling analysis of a floating ice sheet moving against a vertical cylindrical structure, OMAE'90, Vol. IV, 103 Man, 1988, Creep settlement of artificial ice islands, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 323 McGilvary, 1990, Dynamic analysis of a floating ice sheet undergoing vertical indentation, OMAE'90, Vol. IV, 195 Mellor, 1982, Deformation and failure of ice under constant stress or constant strain-rate, CRST, 5, 201 Mellor, 1983, Stress/strain/time relations for ice under uniaxial compression, CRST, 6, 207 Miles, 1989, Large-scale characteristics of fractures in multi-year arctic pack ice, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 103 Moshaiov, 1988, Theoretical assessment of light structural damage due to ship collision with ice, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 221 Nadreau, 1988, Triaxial testing of freshwater ice at low confining pressures, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 117 Nixon, 1988, The effect of notch depth on the fracture toughness of freshwater ice, CRST, 15, 75 Nixon, 1988, Application of fracture mechanics to ice/structure interactions, ASCE Cold Reg. Eng., 2, 1, 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1988)2:1(1) Nixon, 1988, Alluvium-reinforced ice: preliminary report of bending strength tests, CRST, 16, 309 Nixon, 1987, A micromechanical view of the fracture toughness of ice, J. Phys., 48, 313 Nixon, 1988, The fracture toughness of ice over a range of grain sizes, ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng., 110, 192, 10.1115/1.3257050 Nixon, 1987, The fracture toughness of some wood-ice composites, CRST, 14, 139 Nixon, 1989, Preliminary results concerning the effects of notch acuity and pre-strain on the fracture toughness of equiaxed freshwater ice, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 23 Nixon, 1990, The effect of specimen size on the bending strength of alluvium reinforced ice, OMAE'90, Vol. IV, 217 Nixon, W.A. and Weber, L.J., in press. Fatigue crack growth in freshwater ice: preliminary results. Ann. Glaciol., 15. Nordgren, 1988, Plastic analysis of ice contact problems, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 55, 73, 10.1115/1.3173663 Nordgren, 1989, Dynamic ride up and crushing of short ice ridges on conical structures, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 287 Overland, 1988, Modeling ice dynamics of coastal seas, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15619, 10.1029/JC093iC12p15619 Parmerter, 1972, Model of pressure ridge formation in sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 6565, 10.1029/JC077i033p06565 Pharr, 1987, A comparison of the creep behavior of saline ice and frozen saline Ottawa sand at −8°C, CRST, 14, 273 Phifer, 1987, Creep analysis of a first-year sea ice sheet, OMAE'87, Vol. IV, 351 Pritchard, 1988, Mathematical characteristics of sea ice dynamics models, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15609, 10.1029/JC093iC12p15609 Richter-Menge, 1987, Confined compressive strength of horizontal first-year sea ice samples, OMAE'87, Vol. IV, 197 Richter-Menge, 1989, Comparison of the compressive strength of Antarctic frazil ice and columnar saline ice grown in lab, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 269 Rychnovsky, 1987, Deep ice penetrator, POAC'87, Vol. 3, 323 Sackinger, 1988, Ice mechanical properties in relation to arctic engineering activities, IAHR'88, Vol. 3, 9 Sanderson, 1986, A pressure-area curve for ice, 361 1987, 221 Sanderson, 1988, Ice Mechanics: Risks to Offshore Structures, 253 Schreiber, 1989, Multi-year ridge force variability, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 146 Schulson, 1987, The fracture of ice Ih, J. Phys., 48, 207 Schulson, 1990, The brittle compressive fracture of ice, Acta Metall. Mater., 38, 1963, 10.1016/0956-7151(90)90308-4 Schulson, 1991, The tensile and compressive fracture of ice, 165 Schulson, 1984, The effect of grain size on the compressive strength of ice, 24 Schulson, 1989, The effect of the specimen-platen interface on the internal cracking and brittle fracture of ice under compression: high-speed photography, J. Glaciol., 35, 378, 10.1017/S0022143000009308 Schulson, 1989, The tensile strength of cracked ice, Philos. Mag. A, 59, 303, 10.1080/01418618908205060 Schulson, 1991, The effect of confinement on the brittle compressive fracture of ice, Ann. Glaciol., 15, 216, 10.1017/S0260305500009769 Shen, 1988, General view of ice mechanics in China, IAHR'88, Vol. 2, 378 Smith, 1990, The fracture toughness of porous ice with and without particles, OMAE'90, Vol. IV, 241 Sodhi, 1987, Dynamic analysis of failure modes on ice sheets encountering sloping structures, OMAE'87, Vol. IV, 281 Sodhi, 1989, Interaction forces during vertical penetration of floating ice sheets with cylindrical indentors, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 377 Sodhi, 1989, Ice-structure interaction during indentation tests Sodhi, 1988, Results from indentation tests on freshwater ice, IAHR'88, Vol. 1, 341 Sodhi, 1990, Frequency of intermittent ice crushing during indentation tests, IAHR'90, Vol. 3, 227 Sodhi, D.S. and Gagnon, J.J., in press. Ice force measurements on a bridge pier in a small river. POAC'89, Vol. 3 Spring, 1987, Wave-driven growler impact on platform columns, POAC'87, Vol. 3, 351 Sunder, 1987, Anisotropic sea ice indentation in the creeping mode, ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng., 109, 211, 10.1115/1.3257012 Sunder, 1987, A tensile fracture model for ice, OMAE'87, Vol. 4, 225 Sunder, 1990, Crack nucleation due to elastic anisotropy in porous ice, CRST, 18, 249 Sunder, 1989, A differential flow model for polycrystalline ice, CRST, 16, 45 Sunder, 1989, A multiaxial differential model of flow in polycrystalline ice, CRST, 16, 223 Sunder, 1990, Crack nucleation due to elastic anisotropy in polycrystalline ice, CRST, 18, 29 Sunder, 1990, On the constitutive modeling of transient creep in polycrystalline ice, CRST, 18, 267 Swearengen, 1988, Deformation and fracture of arctic sea ice during kinetic energy penetration, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 331 Takeuchi, 1989, The deformation of floating ice sheets of variable thickness under in-place compressive loading, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 385 1989, 385 Tucker, 1991, On the relationship between local stresses and strains in the Arctic pack ice, Ann. Glaciol., 15, 265, 10.1017/S0260305500009848 Tucker, 1989, Variations in mechanical properties within a multi-year ice floe, Vol. 4, 1287 Tunik, 1987, Impact ice loads on offshore structures, POAC'87, Vol. 1, 485 Tunik, 1987, Reference strength of ice to be used in designing offshore structures, OMAE'87, Vol. IV, 285 Tunik, 1988, Design ice forces on offshore installations, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 159 Tunik, 1989, Impact crushing strength of ice, POAC'89, Vol. 2, 658 Tunik, 1988, Ramming forces on the USCGC Polar Sea, IAHR'88, Vol. 1, 746 Tunik, 1989, Probability of winter environmental forces on arctic offshore structures, OMAE'89, Vol. IV, 105 Utt, 1987, Design sea ice load examples using API recommended practice 2N, POAC'87, Vol. 1, 387 Walden, 1987, An explicit technique for calculating first-year ice loads on structures, OMAE'87, Vol. IV, 267 Walden, 1987, Prediction of multi-year ice impact loads utilizing Hans Island data, POAC'87, Vol. 3, 311 Wei, 1990, Notch acuity effects on the fracture toughness of freshwater ice, OMAE'90, Vol. IV, 253 Wierzbicki, 1987, Structural imperfections and interactive failure of edge loaded ice sheets, POAC'87, Vol. 3, 369 Winkler, 1987, Model tests for multiyear ice loading against a fixed conical structure, POAC '87, Vol. 1, 329 Winkler, 1990, Discussion of recent work to develop a more realistic pressure-area model for ice, OMAE'90, Vol. IV, 231 Wu, 1989, Constitutive modeling of polycrystalline ice, POAC'89, Vol. 1, 431 Wu, 1990, Crack nucleation in polycrystalline - a comparison of two nucleation criteria, OMAE'90, Vol. 4, 273 Zahn, 1988, Local impact pressure due to first-year ice in the marginal ice zone, OMAE'88, Vol. IV, 229