Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and the Thyroid as Both an Unintended and an Intended Target

Krause, 2005, Tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer therapy, N Engl J Med., 353, 172, 10.1056/NEJMra044389 2008 Morabito, 2006, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in clinical trials: current status and future directions, Oncologist., 11, 753, 10.1634/theoncologist.11-7-753 Bergers, 2003, Tumorigenesis and the angiogenic switch, Nat Rev Cancer., 3, 401, 10.1038/nrc1093 Hicklin, 2005, Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis, J Clin Oncol., 23, 1011, 10.1200/JCO.2005.06.081 Myllärniemi, 1997, Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, FASEB J., 11, 1119, 10.1096/fasebj.11.13.9367346 Goodsell, 2003, The molecular perspective: epidermal growth factor, Oncologist., 8, 496, 10.1634/theoncologist.8-5-496 Sridhar, 2005, Raf kinase as a target for anticancer therapeutics, Mol Cancer Ther., 4, 677, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-04-0297 2008 Rock, 2007, Food and Drug Administration drug approval summary: sunitinib malate for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and advanced renal cell carcinoma, Oncologist., 12, 107, 10.1634/theoncologist.12-1-107 Chow, 2007, Sunitinib: from rational design to clinical efficacy, J Clin Oncol., 25, 884, 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.3602 Britten, 2008, A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib administered daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week off period, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol., 61, 515, 10.1007/s00280-007-0498-4 Kerkelä, 2006, Cardiotoxicity of the cancer therapeutic agent imatinib mesylate, Nat Med., 12, 908, 10.1038/nm1446 Berman, 2006, Altered bone and mineral metabolism in patients receiving imatinib mesylate, N Engl J Med., 354, 2006, 10.1056/NEJMoa051140 Maitland, 2006, Terminal ballistics of kinase inhibitors: there are no magic bullets, Ann Intern Med., 145, 702, 10.7326/0003-4819-145-9-200611070-00015 Chu, 2007, Cardiotoxicity associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib, Lancet., 370, 2011, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61865-0 Schoeffski, 2006, Sunitinib related thyroid dysfunction: a single-center retrospective and prospective evaluation [abstract], J Clin Oncol., 24, 143S Rini, 2007, Hypothyroidism in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib, J Natl Cancer Inst., 99, 81, 10.1093/jnci/djk008 Wong, 2007, Sunitinib induces hypothyroidism in advanced cancer patients and may inhibit thyroid peroxidase activity, Thyroid., 17, 351, 10.1089/thy.2006.0308 Desai, 2006, Hypothyroidism after sunitinib treatment for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Ann Intern Med., 145, 660, 10.7326/0003-4819-145-9-200611070-00008 Mannavola, 2007, A novel tyrosine-kinase selective inhibitor, sunitinib, induces transient hypothyroidism by blocking iodine uptake, J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 92, 3531, 10.1210/jc.2007-0586 de Groot, 2005, Imatinib induces hypothyroidism in patients receiving levothyroxine, Clin Pharmacol Ther., 78, 433, 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.06.010 Tamaskar, 2008, Thyroid function test abnormalities in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sorafenib, Ann Oncol., 19, 265, 10.1093/annonc/mdm483 Surks, 1995, Drugs and thyroid function, N Engl J Med., 33, 1688, 10.1056/NEJM199512213332507 Schultz, 1989, Induction of hyperthyroidism by interferon-alpha-2b, Lancet., 1, 1452, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90157-8 Primo, 1993, Development of thyroid dysfunction after alpha-interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C, Am J Gastroenterol., 88, 1976 Schwartzentruber, 1991, Thyroid dysfunction associated with immunotherapy for patients with cancer, Cancer., 68, 2384, 10.1002/1097-0142(19911201)68:11<2384::AID-CNCR2820681109>3.0.CO;2-A Pearce, 2003, Thyroiditis [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2003;349:620], N Engl J Med., 348, 2646, 10.1056/NEJMra021194 Faris, 2007, Sunitinib (Sutent)-induced thyrotoxicosis due to destructive thyroiditis: a case report, Thyroid., 17, 1147, 10.1089/thy.2007.0104 de Groot, 2006, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors causing hypothyroidism in a patient on levothyroxine, Ann Oncol., 17, 1719, 10.1093/annonc/mdl112 Kamba, 2006, VEGF-dependent plasticity of fenestrated capillaries in the normal adult microvasculature, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol., 290, H560, 10.1152/ajpheart.00133.2005 Kundra, 2007, Thyroid cancer molecular signaling pathways and the use of targeted therapy, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am., 36, 839, 10.1016/j.ecl.2007.06.001 ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical trial number NCT00381641. Sunitinib in treating patients with thyroid cancer that did not respond to iodine I 131 and cannot be removed by surgery. Bethesda, MD: U.S. National Institutes of Health. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00381641?term=NCT00381641&rank=1. Accessed for verification August 1, 2008. Espinosa, 2007, Targeting BRAF in thyroid cancer, Br J Cancer., 96, 16, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603520 Herbst, 2007, Vandetanib (ZD6474): an orally available receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively targets pathways critical for tumor growth and angiogenesis, Expert Opin Invest Drugs., 16, 239, 10.1517/13543784.16.2.239