Two Types of El Niño Events: Cold Tongue El Niño and Warm Pool El Niño

Journal of Climate - Tập 22 Số 6 - Trang 1499-1515 - 2009
Jong‐Seong Kug1, Fei‐Fei Jin1, Soon‐Il An2
1School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
2Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

Tóm tắt

Abstract In this study, two types of El Niño events are classified based on spatial patterns of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly. One is the cold tongue (CT) El Niño, which can be regarded as the conventional El Niño, and the other the warm pool (WP) El Niño. The CT El Niño is characterized by relatively large SST anomalies in the Niño-3 region (5°S–5°N, 150°–90°W), while the WP El Niño is associated with SST anomalies mostly confined to the Niño-4 region (5°S–5°N, 160°E–150°W). In addition, spatial patterns of many atmospheric and oceanic variables are also distinctively different for the two types of El Niño events. Furthermore, the difference in the transition mechanism between the two types of El Niño is clearly identified. That is, the discharge process of the equatorial heat content associated with the WP El Niño is not efficient owing to the spatial structure of SST anomaly; as a result, it cannot trigger a cold event. It is also demonstrated that zonal advective feedback (i.e., zonal advection of mean SST by anomalous zonal currents) plays a crucial role in the development of a decaying SST anomaly associated with the WP El Niño, while thermocline feedback is a key process during the CT El Niño.

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Journal of Climate

Tập 22 Số 6

1499-1515

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