Hai mươi năm kinh nghiệm vắc xin dại đường uống SAG2 trong động vật hoang dã: một tổng quan toàn cầu

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 45 - Trang 1-17 - 2014
Philippe Mähl1, Florence Cliquet2, Anne-Laure Guiot3, Enel Niin4, Emma Fournials1, Nathalie Saint-Jean1, Michel Aubert5, Charles E Rupprecht6, Sylvie Gueguen1
1Virbac, 13ème Rue LID, BP 27, Carros Cedex, France
2Anses, Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, European Union Reference Laboratory for rabies, European Union Reference Laboratory for rabies serology, OIE Reference Laboratory for rabies, WHO Collaborating Centre on Research and Management on Zoonoses Control, Technopôle agricole et veterinaire, Malzeville, Cedex, France
3Conseils en Pharmacie et Biologie, Sainte Foy les Lyon, France
4Veterinary and Food Board of Estonia, Tallinn, Estonia
5Chemin des Maures, Callian, France
6Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis

Tóm tắt

Vắc xin SAG2 (RABIGEN® SAG2) là vắc xin virus dại sống giảm độc lực đã được chỉnh sửa, được chọn lọc từ chủng SAD Bern thông qua quá trình đột biến axit amin hai bước với sự sử dụng kháng thể đơn dòng trung hòa. Chủng này ổn định về mặt di truyền và không lây lan trong cơ thể sống cũng như không gây nhiễm trùng kéo dài. Việc không có độc tính còn sót lại đã được chứng minh rộng rãi ở nhiều loài mục tiêu và phi mục tiêu (như động vật ăn thịt hoang dã và loài gặm nhấm), bao gồm cả người có vú không phải người. Độ hiệu quả của mồi SAG2 đã được chứng minh theo các yêu cầu của Liên minh Châu Âu đối với cáo đỏ và chó raccoon. Việc sử dụng các vắc xin dại an toàn và mạnh mẽ như SAG2 đã đóng góp lớn vào sự loại bỏ bệnh dại ở Estonia, Pháp, Ý và Thụy Sĩ. Quan trọng là, những quốc gia này đã được tuyên bố là tự do khỏi bệnh dại sau vài năm chiến dịch tiêm phòng bằng miệng với mồi SAG2 được phân phối theo một chiến lược hợp lý. Sự dung nạp tuyệt vời của vắc xin SAG2 đã được xác nhận trong thực địa kể từ lần đầu được sử dụng vào năm 1993. Không có vấn đề an toàn nào được báo cáo, đặc biệt không có trường hợp bệnh dại do vắc xin gây ra được chẩn đoán, sau khi phân phối hơn 20 triệu mồi SAG2 tại Châu Âu.

Từ khóa

#vắc xin dại #SAG2 #động vật hoang dã #độ hiệu quả #loại bỏ bệnh dại

Tài liệu tham khảo

Rupprecht CE, Shlim DR: Infectious diseases related to travel. In Rabies, CDC Health information for international travel. Atlanta: CDC; 2014. WHO: WHO expert consultation on rabies, 1 st report. In WHO Techn Rep Series, Volume 931. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005:121. WHO: Report of WHO consultation on requirements and criteria for field trials on oral rabies vaccination of dogs and wild carnivores: 1-2 March 1989. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1989:1–15. WHO: WHO expert committee on rabies, 8 th report. In WHO Techn Rep Series, Volume 824. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992:84. WHO: Report of the fourth WHO consultation on oral immunization of dogs against rabies: 14-15 June 1993. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993:1–17. WHO: Report of the fifth consultation on oral immunization of dogs against rabies: 20-22 June 1994. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1994:3–24. Baer GM, Abelseth MK, Debbie JG: Oral vaccination of foxes against rabies. Am J Epidemiol 1971, 93:487–490. Wandeler AI: Control of wildife rabies: Europe. In Rabies. Edited by Campbell JB, Charlton KM. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1988:365–380. Abelseth MK: An attenuated rabies vaccine for domestic animals produced in tissue culture. Can Vet J 1964, 5:279–286. Steck F, Wandeler A, Bichsel P, Capt S, Hafliger U, Schneider L: Oral immunization of foxes against rabies. Laboratory and field studies. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1982, 5:165–171. Schneider LG, Cox JH: Ein Feldversuch zur oralen Immunisierung von Füchsen gegen die Tollwut in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. I. Unschädlichkeit, Wirksamkeit und Stabilität der Vakzine SAD B19. Tierarztl Umsch 1983, 38:315–324. Artois M, Guittre C, Thomas I, Leblois H, Brochier B, Barrat J: Potential pathogenicity for rodents of vaccines intended for oral vaccination against rabies: a comparison. Vaccine 1992, 10:524–528. Leblois H, Flamand A: Studies on pathogenicity in mice of rabies virus strains used for oral vaccination of foxes in Europe. In Vaccination to control rabies in foxes. Edited by Pastoret PP, Brochier B, Thomas I, Blancou J. Brussels: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 1988:101–104. Leblois H, Tuffereau C, Blancou J, Artois M, Aubert A, Flamand A: Oral immunization of foxes with avirulent rabies virus mutants. Vet Microbiol 1990, 23:259–266. Vos A, Neubert A, Aylan O, Schuster P, Pommerening E, Muller T, Chivatsi DC: An update on safety studies of SAD B19 rabies virus vaccine in target and non-target species. Epidemiol Infect 1999, 123:165–175. Hostnik P, Picard-Meyer E, Rihtaric D, Toplak I, Cliquet F: Vaccine-induced rabies in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes): isolation of vaccine virus in brain tissue and salivary glands. J Wildl Dis 2014, 50:397–401. Lafay F, Benejean J, Tuffereau C, Flamand A, Coulon P: Vaccination against rabies: construction and characterization of SAG2, a double avirulent derivative of SADBern. Vaccine 1994, 12:317–320. Cliquet F, Aubert M: Elimination of terrestrial rabies in Western European countries. In Control of infectious animal diseases by vaccination. Edited by Schudel A, Lombard M. Basel: Karger; 2004:185–204. Hanlon CA, Niezgoda M, Hamir AN, Schumacher C, Koprowski H, Rupprecht CE: First North American field release of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus. J Wildl Dis 1998, 34:228–239. Rosatte RC, Donovan D, Davies JC, Allan M, Bachmann P, Stevenson B, Sobey K, Brown L, Silver A, Bennett K, Buchanan T, Bruce L, Gibson M, Beresford A, Beath A, Fehlner-Gardiner C, Lawson K: Aerial distribution of Onrab(r) baits as a tactic to control rabies in raccoons and striped skunks in Ontario, Canada. J Wildl Dis 2009, 45:363–374. Wiktor TJ, Koprowski H: Monoclonal antibodies against rabies virus produced by somatic cell hybridization: detection of antigenic variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978, 75:3938–3942. Coulon P, Lafay F, Tuffereau C, Flamand A: The molecular basis for altered pathogenicity of lyssavirus variants. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1994, 187:69–84. Flamand A, Coulon P, Lafay F, Kappeler A, Artois M, Aubert M, Blancou J, Wandeler AI: Eradication of rabies in Europe. Nature 1992, 360:115–116. Flamand A, Coulon P, Lafay F, Tuffereau C: Avirulent mutants of rabies virus and their use as live vaccine. Trends Microbiol 1993, 1:317–320. Steinhauer DA, Holland JJ: Direct method for quantitation of extreme polymerase error frequencies at selected single base sites in viral RNA. J Virol 1986, 57:219–228. EMEA: Rabigen SAG2: EPAR. Scientific discussion. In European Public Assessment Report. London: European Medicines Agency; 2004. WHO: WHO expert consultation on rabies, 2 nd report. In WHO Techn Rep Series, Volume 982. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013:139. Masson E, Aubert M, Rotivel Y: Impact des campagnes de vaccination des renards contre la rage en France sur le ramassage des appâts-vaccins et la contamination des personnes. In Compte rendu de la deuxième réunion des centres antirabiques: 25 mars 1994. Marnes-la-Coquette: Fondation Marcel Mérieux; 1994:33–53. European commission: The oral vaccination of foxes against rabies. In SCAHAW Report. Strasbourg: European commission - Health and Consumer Protection; 2002:2–55. Bingham J, Schumacher CL, Hill FW, Aubert A: Efficacy of SAG-2 oral rabies vaccine in two species of jackal (Canis adustus and Canis mesomelas). Vaccine 1999, 17:551–558. Schumacher CL, Coulon P, Lafay F, Benejean J, Aubert MFA, Barrat J, Aubert A, Flamand A: SAG-2 oral rabies vaccine. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1993, 60:459–462. EDQM: Rabies vaccine (live, oral) for foxes and raccoon dogs. In European Pharmacopoeia. Strasbourg: Council of Europe – EDQM; 2014. Rupprecht CE, Stöhr K, Meredith C: Rabies. In Infectious diseases of wild mammals. 3rd edition. Edited by Williams ES, Barker IK. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press; 2001:3–36. Lawson KF, Johnston DH, Patterson JM, Hertler R, Campbell JB, Rhodes AJ: Immunization of foxes by the intestinal route using an inactivated rabies vaccine. Can J Vet Res 1989, 53:56–61. Cliquet F, Guiot AL, Munier M, Bailly J, Rupprecht CE, Barrat J: Safety and efficacy of the oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in raccoon dogs. Vaccine 2006, 24:4386–4392. Masson E, Cliquet F, Aubert MFA, Barrat J, Aubert A, Artois M, Schumacher CL: Safety study of the SAG2 rabies virus mutant in several non-target species with a view to its future use for the immunization of foxes in Europe. Vaccine 1996, 14:1506–1510. Bingham J, Schumacher CL, Aubert MF, Hill FW, Aubert A: Innocuity studies of SAG-2 oral rabies vaccine in various Zimbabwean wild non-target species. Vaccine 1997, 15:937–943. Hammami S, Schumacher CL, Cliquet F, Barrat J, Tlatli A, Ben Osman R, Aouina T, Aubert A, Aubert M: Safety evaluation of the SAG2 rabies virus mutant in Tunisian dogs and several non-target species. Vet Res 1999, 30:353–362. van Heerden J, Bingham J, van Vuuren M, Burroughs REJ, Stylianides E: Clinical and serological response of wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) to vaccination against canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection and rabies. J South Afr Vet Ass 2002, 73:8–12. Follmann EH, Ritter DG, Baer GM: Evaluation of the safety of two attenuated oral rabies vaccines, SAG1 and SAG2, in six Arctic mammals. Vaccine 1996, 14:270–273. Dean DJ, Abelseth MK, Atanasiu P: The fluorescent antibody test. In Laboratory techniques in rabies. 4th edition. Edited by Meslin FX, Kaplan MM, Koprowski H. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996:88–95. Barrat J, Barrat MJ, Picard M, Aubert MF: Diagnostic de la rage sur culture cellulaire. Comparaison des résultats de l'inoculation au neuroblastome murin et de l'inoculation à la souris. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1988, 11:207–214. Koprowski H: The mouse inoculation test. In Laboratory techniques in rabies. 4th edition. Edited by Meslin FX, Kaplan MM, Koprowski H. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996:80–87. Follmann EH, Ritter DG, Hartbauer DW: Safety of lyophilized SAG2 oral rabies vaccine in collared lemmings. J Wildl Dis 2002, 38:216–218. Lambot M, Blasco E, Barrat J, Cliquet F, Brochier B, Renders C, Krafft N, Bailly J, Munier M, Aubert MF, Pastoret PP: Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) after experimental primary and secondary oral vaccination using SAG2 and V-RG vaccines. Vaccine 2001, 19:1827–1835. Artois M, Cliquet F, Barrat J, Schumacher CL: Effectiveness of SAG1 oral vaccine for the long-term protection of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) against rabies. Vet Rec 1997, 140:57–59. Kauhala K, Kowalczyk R: Invasion of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe: history of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna. Curr Zool 2011, 57:584–598. Botvinkin AD, Savitskii VP, Sidorov GN, Iudin VG: Importance of the raccoon dog in the epidemiology and epizootiology of rabies in the Far East. Zhurn Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1981, 12:79–82 (in Russian). Potzsch CJ: Surveillance of non-fox mediated rabies in Europe. The hidden rabies risk. Raccoon dog rabies. In WHO Meeting of rabies control in middle and east European countries: September 25-27 th 2002. Kosice, Slovakia: World Health Organization; 2002. Yakobson BA, King RJ, David D, Sheichat N, Rotenderg D, Dveres N, Samina I, Zaharin Y, Perl S, Orgad U: Comparative efficacy of two oral vaccines in captive jackals (Canis aureus). In 10 th Annual Rabies in the Americas meeting: November 14-19, 1999. San Diego, California: X RITA; 1999. Mork T, Prestrud P: Arctic rabies–a review. Acta Vet Scand 2004, 45:1–9. Follmann EH, Ritter DG, Donald WH: Oral vaccination of captive arctic foxes with lyophilized SAG2 rabies vaccine. J Wildl Dis 2004, 40:328–334. Blanton JD, Palmer D, Dyer J, Rupprecht CE: Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2010. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011, 239:773–783. Blanton JD, Dyer J, McBrayer J, Rupprecht CE: Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2011. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012, 241:712–722. Hanlon CA, Niezgoda M, Morrill P, Rupprecht CE: Oral efficacy of an attenuated rabies virus vaccine in skunks and raccoons. J Wildl Dis 2002, 38:420–427. Nel LH, Sabeta CT, von Teichman B, Jaftha JB, Rupprecht CE, Bingham J: Mongoose rabies in southern Africa: a re-evaluation based on molecular epidemiology. Virus Res 2005, 109:165–173. Stewart AM, Gordon CR, Marino J, Sillero C: EWCP Annual report. In Oxon, UK: EWCP; 2012:22. Randall DA, Marino J, Haydon DT, Sillero-Zubiri C, Knobel DL, Tallents LA, Macdonald DW, Laurenson MK: An integrated disease management strategy for the control of rabies in Ethiopian wolves. Biol Cons 2006, 131:151–162. Zanoni RG, Kappeler A, Muller UM, Muller C, Wandeler AI, Breitenmoser U: Rabies-free status of Switzerland following 30 years of rabies in foxes. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2000, 142:423–429 (in German). Wandeler AI, Capt S, Kappeler A, Hauser R: Oral immunization of wildlife against rabies: concept and first field experiments. Rev Infect Dis 1988, 10:S649–S653. Breitenmoser U, Muller U, Kappeler A, Zanoni RG: The final stage of rabies in Switzerland. Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 2000, 142:447–454 (in German). Aubert MFA, Cliquet F, Smak JA, Brochier B, Schon J, Kappeler A: Rabies in France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Switzerland. In Historical perspective of rabies in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Edited by King A, Fooks AR, Aubert M, Wandeler AI. Paris: O.I.E; 2004:129–145. Bugnon P, Breitenmoser U, Peterhans E, Zanoni R: Efficacy of oral vaccination in the final stage of fox rabies elimination in Switzerland. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2004, 51:433–437. Masson E, Aubert MF, Barrat J, Vuillaume P: Comparison of the efficacy of the antirabies vaccines used for foxes in France. Vet Res 1996, 27:255–266. Cliquet F, Combes B, Barrat J: Means used for terrestrial rabies elimination in France and policy for rabies surveillance in case of re-emergence. In First international conference on rabies in Europe. Edited by Dodet B, Schudel A, Pastoret PP, Lombard M. Karger: Basel; 2006:119–126. Cliquet F, Bruyere V, Rosenthal F, Aubert MFA: Use and efficacy of the SAG2 rabies vaccine bait in France. In XI International Meeting on research and advances of rabies control in the Americas: 18-21 October 2000. Lima, Peru: XI RITA; 2000. Bruyere V, Vuillaume P, Cliquet F, Aubert M: Oral rabies vaccination of foxes with one or two delayed distributions of SAG2 baits during the spring. Vet Res 2000, 31:339–345. Vuillaume P, Bruyere V, Aubert M: Comparison of the effectiveness of two protocols of antirabies bait distribution for foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Vet Res 1998, 29:537–546. Aubert MFA: Costs and benefits of rabies control in wildlife in France. Rev Sci Tech OIE 1999, 18:533–543. Niin E, Barrat J, Kristian M, Demerson JM, Cliquet F: First oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies in Estonia. In First international conference on rabies in Europe. Edited by Dodet B, SChudel A, Pastoret PP, Lombard M. Karger: Basel; 2006:145–147. Niin E, Laine M, Guiot AL, Demerson JM, Cliquet F: Rabies in Estonia: situation before and after the first campaigns of oral vaccination of wildlife with SAG2 vaccine bait. Vaccine 2008, 26:3556–3565. Cliquet F, Robardet E, Must K, Laine M, Peik K, Picard-Meyer E, Guiot AL, Niin E: Eliminating rabies in Estonia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012, 6:1–17. De Benedictis P, Gallo T, Iob A, Coassin R, Squecco G, Ferri G, D'Ancona F, Marangon S, Capua I, Mutinelli F: Emergence of fox rabies in north-eastern Italy. Eur Surveill 2008, 13:19033. de Benedictis P, Capua I, Mutinelli F, Wernig JM, Aric T, Hostnik P: Update on fox rabies in Italy and Slovenia. Rabies Bull Eur 2009, 33:5–7. Capello K, Mulatti P, Comin A, Gagliazzo L, Guberti V, Citterio C, de Benedictis P, Lorenzetto M, Costanzi C, Vio P, Zambotto P, Ferri G, Mutinelli F, Bonfanti L, Marangon S: Impact of emergency oral rabies vaccination of foxes in northeastern Italy, 28 December 2009 - 20 January 2010: preliminary evaluation. Eur Surveill 2010, 15:19617. Mulatti P, Ferre N, Patregnani T, Bonfanti L, Marangon S: Geographical information systems in the management of the 2009-2010 emergency oral anti-rabies vaccination of foxes in north-eastern Italy. Geospat Health 2011, 5:217–226. Mulatti P, Muller T, Bonfanti L, Marangon S: Emergency oral rabies vaccination of foxes in Italy in 2009-2010: identification of residual rabies foci at higher altitudes in the Alps. Epidemiol Infect 2012, 140:591–598. Anonymous: Wildlife rabies in Italy: epidemiological situation and response strategies. In Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health: 1-2 June 2010. Brussels: European Commission; 2010. Anonymous: Wildlife rabies in Italy: epidemiological situation and response strategies. In Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health: 10 September 2012. Brussels: European Commission; 2012. De Benedictis P, De Battisti C, Marciano S, Mutinelli F, Capua I, Cattoli G: Pyrosequencing of the rabies virus glycoprotein gene to demonstrate absence of vaccine-associated rabies cases following oral vaccination. Vet J 2013, 195:388–390. European commission: Presentations by participating countries – Finland. In Report on the task force meeting of the rabies subgroup: 11-12 December 2012. Warsaw, Poland: European Commission; 2012. Bingham J, Foggin CM, Gerber H, Hill FW, Kappeler A, King AA, Perry BD, Wandeler AI: Pathogenicity of SAD rabies vaccine given orally in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). Vet Rec 1992, 131:55–56. Muller T, Bätza HJ, Beckert A, Bunzenthal C, Cox JH, Freuling CM, Fooks AR, Frost JA, Geue L, Hoeflechner A, Marston D: Analysis of vaccine-virus-associated rabies cases in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) after oral rabies vaccination campaigns in Germany and Austria. Arch Virol 2009, 154:1081–1091. Fehlner-Gardiner C, Nadin-Davis S, Armstrong J, Muldoon F, Bachmann P, Wandeler A: ERA vaccine-derived cases of rabies in wildlife and domestic animals in Ontario, Canada, 1989-2004. J Wildl Dis 2008, 44:71–85.