Twelve metropolitan carbon footprints: A preliminary comparative global assessment

Ajero, M.Y., 2002. Emissions pattern of Metro Manila. In: Proceedings of IGES/APN Mega-City Project, 23–25 January 2002, Rihga Royal Hotel Kokura, Kitakyushu, Japan. Andrews, 2008, Greenhouse gas emissions along the rural–urban gradient, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 51, 847, 10.1080/09640560802423780 Berke, 2008, The evolution of green community planning, scholarship, and practice, Journal of the American Planning Association, 74, 393, 10.1080/01944360802381751 Birch, 2009, One hundred years of city planning's enduring and evolving connections, Journal of the American Planning Association, 75, 113, 10.1080/01944360902777031 Brown, 2008 Brown, 2009, The geography of metropolitan carbon footprints, Policy and Society, 27, 285, 10.1016/j.polsoc.2009.01.001 Bürer, Mary Jean, David, Goldstein, John, Holtzclaw, 2004. Location Efficiency as the Missing Piece of the Energy Puzzle: How Smart Growth Can Unlock Trillion Dollar Consumer Cost Savings. Washington. Butler, 2008, The representation of emissions from megacities in global emission inventories, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 703, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.060 Butler, 2009, The influence of megacities on global atmospheric chemistry: a modeling study, Environmental Chemistry, 6, 219, 10.1071/EN08110 Chang, 2007, Pathways for hydrogen infrastructure development in China, Energy, 32, 2023, 10.1016/j.energy.2007.04.003 City Statistics, 2007. Largest Cities Ranked by Land Area, Population, and Density, available at 〈http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-2007.html〉. Coorey, 2007, Urban compactness and its progress towards sustainability: the Hong Kong scenario, 112 Dawson, 2008 d’Avignon, 2008, Energy use and local perspectives in the control of greenhouse gas emission: the cases of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo de Oliveira, Jose Antonio Puppim, 2008. The implementation of climate change related policies at the subnational level: an analysis of three countries. Habitat International, pp. 1–7. Dhakal Shobhakar, Kaneko Shinji, 2002. Urban energy use in Asian mega-cities: is Tokyo a desirable model? In: Proceedings of Workshop of IGES/APN Mega-City Project, 23–25 January 2002, Rihga Royal Hotel Kokura, Kitakyushu, Japan. Dickinson, J., 2007. Inventory of New York City Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Mayor's Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability, April, 〈http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/ccp_report041007.pdf〉 Eilperin, Juliet, 2007. US trying to weaken G8 climate change declaration. The Boston Globe, May 14. Ewing, 2007 Ewing, 2008, The impact of urban form on US residential energy use, Housing Policy Debate, 19, 1, 10.1080/10511482.2008.9521624 Friedman, 2007 Geiger, Stefan, 2003. Fuel cells in china: a survey of current developments. Fuel Cell Today (October 15), pp. 1–16. Glaeser, 2008 Golob, Thomas F., Brownstone David, 2005. The impact of residential density on vehicle usage and energy consumption. Institute of Transportation Studies, ITS Irvine Working Paper Series. Paper WPS05_01, February 1, available at 〈http://repositories.cdlib.org/itsirvine/wps/WPS05_01〉 (March 31 2008). Gurjar, 2004, Emission estimates and trends for megacity Delhi and implications, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 5663, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.057 Holtzclaw, 2004 ICLEI Global. About ICLEI, July 2009, available at 〈http://www.iclei.org/index.php?id=global-about-iclei〉. International Energy Agency, 2006 International Energy Agency (IEA), 2008 Jabareen, 2006, Sustainable urban forms: their typologies, models, and concepts, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26, 38, 10.1177/0739456X05285119 Jacobson, Mark Z., 2009. Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security. Energy & Environmental Science 2, 148–173 Los Angeles Department of Water and Power [LADWP], 2007. GREEN LA: An Action Plan to lead the Nation in Fighting Global Warming, May, 〈http://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/cms/ladwp010314.pdf〉 Jo, 2002, Impacts of urban greenspace on offsetting carbon emissions for middle Korea, Journal of Environmental Management, 64, 115, 10.1006/jema.2001.0491 Jo, 2008, Incorporating built environment factors into climate change mitigation strategies for Seoul, South Korea: a sustainable urban systems framework, Habitat International, 1 Kaneko, Shinji, Dhakal, Shobhakar, 2008. Comparison of urban energy use and carbon emission in Tokyo, Beijing, Seoul and Shanghai. Presentation to the International Workshop on Urban Energy and Carbon Modeling, February 5–6, 2008, AIT Centre, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand. Kennedy, 2007, The changing metabolism of cities, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11, 43, 10.1162/jie.2007.1107 Kenny, Tricia, Gray, N.F., 2009. A preliminary survey of household and personal carbon dioxide emissions in Ireland. Environment International 35, 259–272. Lankao, 2007, How do local governments in Mexico city manage global warming?, Local Environment, 12, 519, 10.1080/13549830701656887 Lankao, Patricia Romero, 2008. Energy use and carbon emissions in Mexico City: drivers, challenges & opportunities. In: International Symposium on Urban Energy & Carbon Modeling Challenges for Science & Policy, Bangkok, February 2008. Lasco, Rodel, Lebel, Louis, Agus Sari, A.P. Mitra, Nguyen Hmang Tri, Ling Ooi, Goik, Contreras, Antonio, 2004. Integrating carbon management into development strategies of cities—establishing a network of case studies of urbanisation in the Asia-Pacific. Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research, Final report for APN project 2004-07-CMY-Lasco. Lebel Louis, 2007, Integrating carbon management into the development strategies of urbanizing regions in Asia, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11, 61, 10.1162/jie.2007.1185 Ling, 2007, Urbanization in Southeast Asia: assessing policy process and progress toward sustainability, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11, 31, 10.1162/jie.2007.1246 Marpaung, 2008 Mayor of London, 2007 Mitra, A.P., Sharma, Chhemendra, Ajeroc, M.A.Y., 2003. Energy and emissions in South Asian mega-cities: study on Kolkata, Delhi and Manila. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Policy Integration Towards Sustainable Urban Energy Use for Cities in Asia, 4–5 February 2003, East West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Mohai, 1992 National Conference of State Legislatures, 2008. State Economic and Environmental Costs of Climate Change. Pachauri, 2008, The household energy transition in India and China, Energy Policy, 36, 4022, 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.06.016 Pardo, Claudia Sheinbaum, Vázquez, Oscar, 2006. Local Climate Action Strategy. National Autonomous University of Mexico/Mexico City Government, September, Mexico City. Phang, 1997, Curbing urban traffic congestion in Singapore: a comprehensive review, Transportation Journal, 37, 24 Pisarski, Alan E., 2006. Commuting in America III: The Third National Report on Commuting Patterns and Trends Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Roberts, Brian, Kanaley, Trevor, 2006. Overview: urbanization and sustainable development. Urbanization and Sustainability: Case Studies of Good Practice, Asian Development Bank, Manila, November, pp. 1–11. Roberts, Brian, Schwarz, Hugh, Carline, Johnny, King, Lynda, Orange, John, Cumming, Peter, Yuen, Belinda, Ravetz, Joe, 2006. Global good practices in sustainable urban region development. Urbanization and Sustainability: Case Studies of Good Practice, Asian Development Bank, Manila, November, pp. 403–435. Sanchez-Rodriguez, Roberto A., 2007. The response to climate change in Mexico City. Paper Presented to the Urban Climate Change Research Network, An International Symposium, May 10–11, 2007 Columbia University, New York, NY. Sari, A., Salim, N., 2005. Carbon and the city: carbon pathways and decarbonisation opportunities in greater Jakarta, Indonesia. USER Working Paper WP-2005-04. Unit for Social and Environmental Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. Sharma, Chhemendra, Mitra, A.P., Pundir, Reena, 2006. An assessment of urban development pathways for Delhi using emission trajectories. Presentation to the GCP Meeting, Mexico City, 4–8 September 2006. Singapore Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, 2008. Singapore's National Climate Change Strategy, Singapore, March 2008. Swartz, Adam, 1994, Environmental justice: a survey of the ailments of environmental racism, The Social Justice Law Review, 2, 35 Susanti, Peni, 2009. Urban planning and energy efficiency in Jakarta. Presentation to the Asia Pacific Forum on a Low Carbon Economy, Beijing, China, June 17–19, 2009. Tan, H.T.W., 2006. Nature Reserve Parks, Gardens and Streetscapes: Today Singapore, Tomorrow the World, available at 〈http://www.dbs.nus.edu.sg/staff/details/NRPGardens_Streetscapes.pdf〉. Tenner, 1997 Tibaijuka, Anna Kajumulo, 2003. The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. Earthscan, London. Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 2007. Tokyo Climate Change Strategy: A Basic Policy for the 10-Year Project for a Carbon-Minus Tokyo. TMG, June. US Energy Information Administration [EIA], 2008. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Report. US Department of Energy, Washington, DC, DOE/EIA-0573, December 3. Vandenbergh, 2007, The carbon-neutral individual, New York University Law Review, 82, 1673 Weber Christopher, 2008, Quantifying the global and distributional aspects of American household carbon footprint, Ecological Economics, 66, 379, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.09.021 World Bank, 2009. Key Development Data and Statistics, available at 〈http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.html〉. World Resources Institute, 2009. Earth Trends: Environmental Information. WRI, Washington, DC, available at 〈http://earthtrends.wri.org/index.php〉. Xiao, Yi, Xuemei, Bai,, Ouyang, Zhiyun, Zheng, Hua, Xing, Fangfang, 2007. The composition, trend and impact of urban solid waste in Beijing. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 135(1/3) (December), 21–30.