Tweet, but verify: epistemic study of information verification on Twitter

Allport F, Lepkin M (1945) Wartime rumors of waste and special privilege: why some people believe them. J Abnormal Soc Psychol 40(1):3

Castillo C, Mendoza M, Poblete B (2011) Information credibility on twitter. In: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on World wide web, pp 675–684

Cotter E (2008) Influence of emotional content and perceived relevance on spread of urban legends: a pilot study 1, 2. Psychol Rep 102(2):623–629

Eagly A, Chaiken S (1993) The psychology of attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Orlando, FL, USA

Eysenbach G, Köhler C (2002) How do consumers search for and appraise health information on the world wide web? Qualitative study using focus groups, usability tests, and in-depth interviews. BMJ 324(7337):573–577

Fallis D (2004) On verifying the accuracy of information: philosophical perspectives. Libr Trends 52(3):463–487

Fallis D (2008) Toward an epistemology of Wikipedia. J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol 59(10):1662–1674

Flanagin A, Metzger M (2000) Perceptions of internet information credibility. J Mass Commun Quart 77(3):515–540

Fogg B, Soohoo C, Danielson D, Marable L, Stanford J, Tauber E (2003) How do users evaluate the credibility of web sites? A study with over 2,500 participants. In: Proceedings of designing for user experiences, pp 1–15

Goldman A (1999) Knowledge in a social world. Clarendon Press, Oxford

Goldman AI (1986) Epistemology and cognition. Harvard University Press, Harvard

Gupta M, Zhao P, Han J (2012) Evaluating event credibility on twitter. In: Proceedings of SDM 2012

Hargittai E, Fullerton L, Menchen-Trevino E, Thomas K (2010) Trust online: young adults evaluation of web content. Int J Commun 4(1):468–494

Hasher L, Goldstein D, Toppino T (1977) Frequency and the conference of referential validity. J Verbal Learn Verbal Behav 16(1):107–112

Hermida A (2012) Tweets and truth: journalism as a discipline of collaborative verification. J Pract 6(5–6):659–668

Hu M, Liu S, Wei F, Wu Y, Stasko J, Ma KL (2012) Breaking news on twitter. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’12. ACM, New York, pp 2751–2754

Huang H, Zubiaga A, Ji H, Deng H, Wang D, Le HK, Abdelzaher TF, Han J, Leung A, Hancock J et al (2012) Tweet ranking based on heterogeneous networks. In: COLING, pp 1239–1256

Hume D (2001) An enquiry concerning human understanding, vol 3. Oxford University Press, USA

Johnson T, Kaye B (2004) Wag the blog: how reliance on traditional media and the internet influence credibility perceptions of weblogs among blog users. J Mass Commun Quart 81(3):622–642

Kang B, O’Donovan J, Höllerer T (2012) Modeling topic specific credibility on twitter. In: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on intelligent user interfaces, pp 179–188

Koohang A, Weiss E (2003) Misinformation: toward creating a prevention framework. Inf Sci

Krippendorff K (2012) Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. Beverly Hills, Sage

Kwak H, Lee C, Park H, Moon S (2010) What is twitter, a social network or a news media? In: Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web, pp 591–600

Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1):159–174

Lazar J, Meiselwitz G, Feng J (2007) Understanding web credibility: a synthesis of the research literature. Found Trends Hum-Comput Interact 1(2):139–202

Lewandowsky S, Ecker U, Seifert C, Schwarz N, Cook J (2012) Misinformation and its correction: continued influence and successful debiasing. Psychol Sci Public Interest 13(3):106–131

Lipton P (1998) The epistemology of testimony. Stud Hist Philos Sci Part A 29(1):1–32

Matheson D (2004) Weblogs and the epistemology of the news: some trends in online journalism. New Media Soc 6(4):443–468

Morris M, Counts S, Roseway A, Hoff A, Schwarz J (2012) Tweeting is believing? Understanding microblog credibility perceptions. In: Proceedings of CSCW 2012, pp 441–450

ODonovan J, Kang B, Meyer G, Hollerer T, Adalii S (2012) Credibility in context: an analysis of feature distributions in twitter. In: SocialCom/PASSAT 2012, pp 293–301

OBrien J, Farid H (2012) Exposing photo manipulation with inconsistent reflections. ACM Trans Gr 31(1):4

Petty R, Cacioppo J (1986) The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Adv Exp Soc Psychol 19(1):123–205

Piaget J, Wells P (1972) Psychology and epistemology: towards a theory of knowledge. Penguin Harmondsworth

Piper P (2000) Better read that again: web hoaxes and misinformation. Searcher 8(8):40–49

Schaal M, ODonovan J, Smyth B (2012) An analysis of topical proximity in the twitter social graph. In: Aberer K, Flache A, Jager W, Liu L, Tang J, Guret C (eds) Social informatics, lecture notes in computer science, vol 7710. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 232–245

Silverman C, Buttry S, Wardle C, Barot T, Browne M, Ingram M, Meier P, Knight S, Tsubaki R (2014) Verification handbook. European Journalism Centre. Available at:   http://verificationhandbook.com/

Stemler S (2001) An overview of content analysis. Pract Assess Res Eval 7(17):137–146

Suzuki Y, Nadamoto A (2011) Credibility assessment using Wikipedia for messages on social network services. In: Dependable, autonomic and secure computing (DASC), 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on, pp 887–894

Wang D, Abdelzaher T, Ahmadi H, Pasternack J, Roth D, Gupta M, Han J, Fatemieh O, Le H, Aggarwal CC (2011) On bayesian interpretation of fact-finding in information networks. In: Information fusion (FUSION), pp 1–8

Yang J, Counts S, Morris M, Hoff A (2013) Microblog credibility perceptions: comparing the united states and china. In: Proceedings of CHI 2013, pp 575–586

Zubiaga A, Ji H, Knight K (2013) Curating and contextualizing twitter stories to assist with social newsgathering. In: Proceedings of IUI 2013, pp 213–224