Tung Tree DGAT1 and DGAT2 Have Nonredundant Functions in Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis and Are Localized to Different Subdomains of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plant Cell - Tập 18 Số 9 - Trang 2294-2313 - 2006
Jay Shockey1, Satinder K. Gidda2, Dorselyn C. Chapital3, Jui‐Chang W. Kuan3, Preetinder K. Dhanoa2, John M. Bland3, Steven J. Rothstein2, Robert T. Mullen2, John M. Dyer3
1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70124, USA.
2Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
3U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124

Tóm tắt

Abstract Seeds of the tung tree (Vernicia fordii) produce large quantities of triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing ∼80% eleostearic acid, an unusual conjugated fatty acid. We present a comparative analysis of the genetic, functional, and cellular properties of tung type 1 and type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1 and DGAT2), two unrelated enzymes that catalyze the committed step in TAG biosynthesis. We show that both enzymes are encoded by single genes and that DGAT1 is expressed at similar levels in various organs, whereas DGAT2 is strongly induced in developing seeds at the onset of oil biosynthesis. Expression of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in yeast produced different types and proportions of TAGs containing eleostearic acid, with DGAT2 possessing an enhanced propensity for the synthesis of trieleostearin, the main component of tung oil. Both DGAT1 and DGAT2 are located in distinct, dynamic regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and surprisingly, these regions do not overlap. Furthermore, although both DGAT1 and DGAT2 contain a similar C-terminal pentapeptide ER retrieval motif, this motif alone is not sufficient for their localization to specific regions of the ER. These data suggest that DGAT1 and DGAT2 have nonredundant functions in plants and that the production of storage oils, including those containing unusual fatty acids, occurs in distinct ER subdomains.

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Plant Cell

Tập 18 Số 9

2294-2313

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