Tumores suprarrenales clínicamente asintomáticos (incidentalomas suprarrenales)

Chidiac, 1997, Incidentalomas. A disease of modern technology, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 26, 233, 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70242-5 Griffing, 1994, Editorial: A.I.D.S. the new endocrine epidemic, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 79, 1530, 10.1210/jc.79.6.1530 Linos, 2000, Management approaches to suprarrenal incidentalomas (suprarrenalomas). A view from Athenas, Greece, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 29, 141, 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70121-3 Lewinsky, 1974, The clinical and pathologic features of “non-hormonal” adrenocortical tumors, Cancer, 33, 778, 10.1002/1097-0142(197403)33:3<778::AID-CNCR2820330325>3.0.CO;2-T Glazer, 1982, Nonfunctioning suprarrenal masses: incidental discovery on computed tomography, Am J Roentgenol, 139, 81, 10.2214/ajr.139.1.81 Copeland, 1983, The incidentally discovered suprarrenal mass, Ann Intern Med, 98, 940, 10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-940 Herrera, 1991, Incidentally discovered suprarrenal tumors: an institutional perspetive, Surgery, 110, 1014 Belldegrun, 1986, Incidentally discovered mass of the suprarrenal gland, Surg Gynecol Obstet, 163, 203 Hedeland, 1968, On the prevalence of adrenorcortical adenomas in autopsy material in relation to hypertension and diabetes, Acta Med Scand, 194, 211 Abecassis, 1985, Serendipitous suprarrenal masses: prevalence, significance, and management, A J Surg, 139, 783, 10.1016/S0002-9610(85)80186-0 Cook, 1994, The incidental suprarrenal mass, 137 Belldegrun, 1986, Incidentally discovered mass of the suprarrenal gland, Surg Gynecol Obstet, 163, 203 Kloos, 1995, Incidentally discovered suprarrenal masses, Endocr Rev, 16, 460 Dunnick, 1990, Suprarrenal imaging: current status, Am J Roentgenol, 154, 927, 10.2214/ajr.154.5.2108567 Gross, 1993, Clinically silent suprarrenal masses, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 77, 885, 10.1210/jc.77.4.885 Jockenhouel, 1992, Consecutive and surgical management of incidentally discovered suprarrenal tumors (incidentalomas, J Endocrinol Invest, 15, 331, 10.1007/BF03348745 Turton, 1992, Incidental suprarrenal nodules: association with exagerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to adrenocorticotropin hormone, J Endocrinol Invest, 15, 789, 10.1007/BF03348806 Ambrosi, 1995, Abnormalities of endocrine function in patients with clinically “silent” suprarrenal massas, Eur J Endocrinol, 132, 422, 10.1530/eje.0.1320422 Ross, 1990, Hormonal evaluation of the patient with an incidentally discovered suprarrenal mass, N Engl J Med, 323, 1402 Young, 1989, Biochemical tests for pheochromocytoma: strategies in hypertensive patients, J Gen Intern Med, 4, 273, 10.1007/BF02597394 Shapiro, 1989, Management of pheochromocytoma, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 18, 443, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30378-5 Gross, 1991, Glucagon and clonidine testing in the diagnosis of pheochromocytome, Hypertension, 17, 275 Charbonell, 1981, Does the corticoadrenal adenom with “pre-Cushing’s syndrome” exists?, J Nucl Med, 22, 1059 Beyer, 1986, Cortical secretion by an incidentally disciveral nonfunctional adrenal adenoma, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 62, 1317, 10.1210/jcem-62-6-1317 Real Fernández, 1994, re-clinical Cushing’s syndrome: report of three cases and literature review, Horm Res, 41, 230, 10.1159/000183930 Caplan, 1994, Subclinical hormone secretion by incidentally discovered suprarrenal mass, Arch Surg, 129, 291, 10.1001/archsurg.1994.01420270067016 Reincke, 1992, Preclinical Cushing’s syndrome in suprarrenal “incidentalomas”. Comparison with suprarrenal Cushing’s syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 75, 826 Oelkers, 1995, Diagnostic puzzle of the suprarrenal “incidentaloma”, Eur J Endocrinol, 132, 419, 10.1530/eje.0.1320419 Rossi, 2000, Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome in patients with suprarrenal incidentaloma: clinical and biochemical features, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 1440, 10.1210/jc.85.4.1440 Reincke, 2000, Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome, Endomicrob Metab Clin North Am, 29, 43, 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70115-8 Olsella, 1997, Serum markers of bone and collagen turnover in patiens with Cushing’s syndrome and in subjects with suprarenal incidentalomas, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 3303, 10.1210/jc.82.10.3303 Ross, 1997, Epidemiology of Cushing’s syndrome and clinical disease, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 26, 233 McLeod, 1990, Sub-clinical Cushing syndrome in patients with suprarrenal gland incicentalomas. Pitfalls in diagnosis and management, Ann Surg, 56, 398 Terzollo, 1998, Subclinical Cushing syndrome in suprarrenal incidentaloma, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 48, 89, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00357.x Hofle, 1998, Suprarrenal carcinoma evolving after diagnosis of preclinical Cushing’s syndrome in a suprarrenal incidentaloma, Horm Res, 50, 237, 10.1159/000023282 Tsagarakis, 1998, The low-dose dexamethasone suppresion test in patients with suprarrenal incidentalomas: comparisons with clinically eusuprarrenal subjects and patients with Cushing’s syndrome, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 48, 627, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00464.x Tsagarakis, 1998, Elevated postdexamethasone suppression cortisol concentrations correlate with hormonal alterations of the hypothalamopituitary suprarrenal axis in patients with suprarrenal incidentalomas, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 49, 165, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00509.x Lavoie, 1995, Partially autonomous cortisol secretion by incidentally discovered suprarrenal adenomas, Trends in endocrinology and metabolism, 6, 191, 10.1016/1043-2760(95)00091-U Reincke, 1992, Preclinical Cushing’s syndrome in suprarrenal “incidentalomas”: comparison with suprarrenal Cushing’s syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 75, 826 Chidiac, 1997, Incidentalomas: a disease of modern technology, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 26, 233, 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70242-5 Huiras, 1989, Suprarrenal insufficiency after operative removal of apparently nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas, JAMA, 261, 894, 10.1001/jama.1989.03420060110042 Osella, 1994, Endocrine evaluation of incidentally discovered suprarrenal masses (incidentalomas, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 79, 1532, 10.1210/jc.79.6.1532 Flecchia, 1995, Reduced serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in suprarrenal incidentalomas: a marker of adrenocortical tumour, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 42, 129, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01852.x Terzolo, 1996, Different patterns of steroid secretion in patients with suprarrenal incidentaloma, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 740, 10.1210/jc.81.2.740 Bencik, 1996, Low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) level is not a good predictor of hormonal activity in nonselected patients with incidentally detected suprarrenal tumor, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 1726, 10.1210/jc.81.5.1726 Margioris, 1990, Cushing’s syndrome diagnostic evaluation, 99 Mantero, 2000, A survey on suprarrenal incidentaloma in Italy, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 637, 10.1210/jc.85.2.637 Terzolo, 2000, The value of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate measurement in the differentiation between and malignan adrenal masses, Europ J Endroc, 142, 611, 10.1530/eje.0.1420611 Freeman, 1991, Steroid hormone producing tumors of the suprarrenal, ovary and testes, Endocrinol Metab Clin Noth Am, 20, 751, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30242-1 Seppel, 1994, Augmented 17?-hydroxyprogesterone response to ACTH stimulation as evidence of decreased 21-hydroxylase activity in patients with incidentally discovered suprarrenal tumors (“incidentalomas”, Clin Endocrinol Oxf, 41, 445, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02575.x Kloos, 1995, Incidentally discovered suprarrenal masses, Endocr Rev, 16, 460 Racz, 1993, Expression of steroidogenic enzime messenger ribonucleic acids and corticosteroid production in aldosterone-producing ans “nonfunctioning” suprarrenal adenomas, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 77, 677, 10.1210/jc.77.3.677 Sadoul, 1999, Apparent activities of 21-hydroxylase, 17??hydroxylase an 17-20 lyase are impaired in suprarrenal incidentalomas, Eur J Endocrinol, 141, 238, 10.1530/eje.0.1410238 Del Monte, 1995, Increased 17?-hydroxyprogesterone response to ACTH in silient suprarrenal adenoma: cause or effect, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 42, 273, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01875.x Bernini, 1996, 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to ACTH in bilateral and monolateral suprarrenal incidentalomas, J Endocrinol Invest, 19, 745, 10.1007/BF03347878 Toth, 1998, Increased plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to ACTH in patients with nonhyperfunctioning suprarrenal adenomas is not due to a deficiency in 21 hydroxylase activity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, 3756, 10.1210/jc.83.10.3756 Falke, 1986, Computed tomography in untreated adults with virilizing congenital suprarrenal cortical hyperplasia, Clin Radiol, 37, 155, 10.1016/S0009-9260(86)80389-0 Ravichandran, 1996, Congenital suprarrenal hyperplasia present as massive suprarrenal incidentalomas in the sitxh decade of life: report of two patients with 21 hydroxylase deficiency, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 1776, 10.1210/jc.81.5.1776 Jaresch, 1992, Suprarrenal incidentaloma and patients with homozygous or heterogygous congenital suprarrenal hyperplasia, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 74, 685, 10.1210/jc.74.3.685 Hensen, 1990, Endocrine activity of the “silent” adrenocortical adenoma is uncovered by response to corticotropin releasing-hormone, Klin Wochenshr, 68, 608, 10.1007/BF01660959 Melby, 1985, Diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism and isolated hypoaldosteronism, Clin Endocrinol Metab, 14, 977, 10.1016/S0300-595X(85)80085-2 Bravo, 1983, The changing spectrum of primary aldosteronism, Am J Med, 74, 641, 10.1016/0002-9343(83)91022-7 Lins, 1986, Plasma aldosterone-plasma renin activity ratio: A simple test to identify patients with primary aldosteronism, Act Endocrinol, 113, 564, 10.1530/acta.0.1130564 McKenna, 1991, Diagnosis under random conditions of all disorders of the renin-angio- tensin-aldosterone acces incluiding primary hyperaldosteronism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 73, 952, 10.1210/jcem-73-5-952 Weinberger, 1993, The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and separation of two major subtypes, Arch Intern Med, 153, 2125, 10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180075008 Hambling, 1993, Primary hyperaldosteronism: evaluation of procedures for diagnosis and treatment, Q J Med, 86, 392 Shamma, 1958, A study of the suprarrenal status in hypertension, J Chronic Dis, 8, 587, 10.1016/0021-9681(58)90051-1 Tang, 1975, Adrenocortical neoplasms: prognosis and morphology, Urology, 5, 691, 10.1016/0090-4295(75)90135-1 Sullivan, 1978, Suprarrenal cortical carcinoma, J Urol, 120, 660, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)57317-6 King, 1979, Suprarrenal cortical carcinoma: a clinical and pathologic study of 49 cases, Cancer, 44, 239, 10.1002/1097-0142(197907)44:1<239::AID-CNCR2820440139>3.0.CO;2-R Tang, 1975, Adrenocortical neoplasms. Prosnosis and morphology, Urology, 5, 691, 10.1016/0090-4295(75)90135-1 Copeland, 1983, The incidentally discovered suprarenal mass, Ann Intern Med, 98, 940, 10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-940 Bitter, 1989, Incidentally discovered suprarrenal mass, Am J Surg, 158, 159, 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90367-X Printz, 1982, Incidental asyntomatic suprarrenal masses detected by computed tomographic scanning: is operation requiered, JAMA, 248, 701, 10.1001/jama.1982.03330060041031 Katz, 1985, Diagnostic approach to incidental suprarrenal nodules in the cancer patients: results of a clinical, radiologic and fineneele aspiration study, Cancer, 55, 1995, 10.1002/1097-0142(19850501)55:9<1995::AID-CNCR2820550928>3.0.CO;2-0 Remer, 1989, Hyperfunctioning and non-hyperfunctioning benign suprarrenal cortical lesions: characterization and comparison with MR imaging, Radiology, 171, 681, 10.1148/radiology.171.3.2717738 Peppercorn, 1998, Imaging of incidentally discovered suprarrenal masses, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 48, 379, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00475.x Lee, 1998, Unknown primary cancer presenting as a suprarrenal mass: frequency and implications for diagnostic evaluation of suprarrenal incidentaloma, Surgery, 124, 1115, 10.1067/msy.1998.92009 McGahan, 1988, Suprarrenal gland: MR imaging, Radiology, 166, 284, 10.1148/radiology.166.1.3336697 Oliva, 1988, Myelolipoma and endocrine dysfunction, Surgery, 103, 711 Kasperlik-Zalusk, 1992, Incidentally found suprarrenal tumours: Results of investigation of the pituitary suprarenal axis, Endokrynol Polska, 43, 322 Cyran, 1996, Suprarrenal myelolipoma, Am J Roentgenol, 166, 395, 10.2214/ajr.166.2.8553954 Tsushima, 1994, Different lipid contents between aldosterone-producing and nonhyperfuncitoning adrenocortical adenomas: in vivo measurement using chemical-shiff magnetic resonance imaging, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1759, 10.1210/jc.79.6.1759 Fontana, 1999, What is the role of ultrasonography in the follow-up of suprarrenal incidentaloma?, Urology, 54, 612, 10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00226-5 Gross, 1994, Scintigraphic evaluation of clinically silent suprarrenal masses, J Nucl Med, 35, 1145 Bardet, 1996, 131-I-?-iodometyl norcholesterol scintigraphy: an assesment of its role in the investigation of adrenocortical incidentalomas, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 44, 587, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.720541.x Beierwaltes, 1974, Imaging functional nodules of the suprarrenal glands with 131I-19-iodocholesterol, J Nucl Med, 15, 246 Salmerón de Diego, 1978, Adenoma suprarrenal funcionante sin síndrome de Cushing, Endocrinología, 25, 143 Reincke, 1992, Preclinical Cushing’s syndrome in suprarrenal “incidentalomas” comparison with suprarrenal Cushing’s syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 75, 826, 10.1210/jc.75.3.826 Virkkale, 1989, Endocrine abnormalities in patients with suprarrenal tumours incidentally discovered on computed tomography, Acta Endocrinol, 121, 67, 10.1530/acta.0.1210067 Kobayashi, 1993, Clinical experience of incidentally discovered suprarrenal tumor with particular reference to cortical function, Jour Urol, 10, 8, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35384-3 Bardet, 1996, 131I-6?-lodomethylnorcholecterol scintigraphy: and assessment of its role in the investigation of adrenocortical incidentalomas, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 44, 587, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.720541.x Barzon, 1998, Incidentally discovered suprarrenal tumors: endocrine and scintigrafic correlates, J Clin Endocrino Metaba, 83, 55, 10.1210/jc.83.1.55 Cook, 1996, The incidental suprarrenal mass, Am J Med, 101, 88, 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00082-4 Yankaskas, 1986, Delayed complications from fine-needle biopsies of solid masses of the abdomen, Inter Radiol, 21, 325, 10.1097/00004424-198604000-00006 Mody, 1995, Percutanelus CT guide biopsy of suprarrenal masses: immediate and delayed complications, Journal Computer Asist Tomography, 19, 434, 10.1097/00004728-199505000-00017 Schapira, 1995, The need to consider survival, outcome, and expense when evaluating and treating patients with uknow primary carcinoma, Arch Intern Med, 155, 2050, 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430190036005 Dwamena, 1998, Diagnostic evaluation of the suprarrenal incidentaloma: decision and cost-effectiveness analyses, J Nucl Med, 39, 707 Saboorian, 1995, Fine needle aspiration cytology of primary and metastatic lesions of the suprarrenal gland: a series of 188 biopsies with radiologic correlation, Acta Cytol, 39, 843 Abecassis, 1985, Serendipitous suprarrenal masses: prevalence, significance and management, Am J Surg, 149, 783, 10.1016/S0002-9610(85)80186-0 Prinz, 1982, Incidental asymptomatic suprarrenal masses detected by computed tomographic screening. Is operation required?, JAMA, 248, 701, 10.1001/jama.1982.03330060041031 Barry, 1998, Can suprarrenal incidentaloma safely observed?, World J Surg, 22, 599, 10.1007/s002689900441