Sự xâm lấn của tế bào u trong các tế bào ung thư thận von Hippel Lindau được điều hòa bởi metalloproteinase màng loại 1

Brenda L Petrella1, Constance E Brinckerhoff1
1Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, USA

Tóm tắt

Ung thư biểu mô thận di căn (RCC) vẫn là nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tử vong ở bệnh nhân mắc RCC tế bào sáng xuất phát từ các đột biến trong gen ức chế khối u von Hippel Lindau (VHL). Việc ức chế khối u RCC thành công dưới sự tác động của VHL yêu cầu phải có sự điều tiết âm tính đối với protein yếu tố phiên mã alpha (HIF alpha) và các mục tiêu hạ lưu của nó. Do đó, việc xác định các gen mục tiêu của HIF chịu trách nhiệm cho quá trình tiến triển của khối u RCC sẽ hỗ trợ trong việc phát triển các liệu pháp cho bệnh này. Chúng tôi đã xác định metalloproteinase màng loại 1 (MT1-MMP) là một mục tiêu phiên mã của HIF-2alpha trong các tế bào RCC không có VHL và chứng minh rằng MT1-MMP được biểu hiện quá mức trong những tế bào này. MT1-MMP là một yếu tố điều chỉnh chính của sự tiến triển khối u thông qua chức năng của nó như một enzym phân huỷ ma trận, cũng như khả năng cắt các yếu tố như các phân tử bám dính và các MMP khác. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là điều tra sự đóng góp của MT1-MMP vào tiềm năng xâm lấn của các tế bào RCC bằng cách sử dụng các thử nghiệm phân huỷ collagen loại I trong ống nghiệm và xâm lấn. Chúng tôi đã đánh giá các tế bào RCC kiểu hoang dã (WT8) và null (pRc-9) đối với VHL về các đặc tính xâm lấn và cho thấy rằng các tế bào pRc-9 thể hiện xu hướng lớn hơn đối với cả xâm lấn và phân huỷ ma trận collagen loại I. Hơn nữa, sự biểu hiện quá mức của HIF-2alpha hoặc MT1-MMP trong dòng tế bào xâm lấn kém, WT8, đã thúc đẩy sự phân huỷ collagen và xâm lấn của các tế bào này. Cuối cùng, bằng cách sử dụng RNAi, chúng tôi cho thấy rằng việc ức chế MT1-MMP làm giảm sự xâm lấn của tế bào khối u ở các tế bào RCC. Kết quả của chúng tôi gợi ý rằng MT1-MMP là một trung gian chính của tính xâm lấn tế bào khối u và phân huỷ collagen loại I bởi các tế bào RCC VHL biểu hiện MT1-MMP hoặc HIF-2alpha. Như vậy, MT1-MMP có thể đại diện cho một mục tiêu mới cho liệu pháp chống xâm lấn cho bệnh này.

Từ khóa

#ung thư biểu mô thận #VHL #MT1-MMP #HIF-2alpha #xâm lấn khối u

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