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Sinh thái dinh dưỡng của kẻ săn mồi biển lớn, cá mập sáu mang đầu cùn Hexanchus griseus, suy luận qua phân tích đồng vị ổn định
Tóm tắt
Việc xác định các mô hình ăn uống của các kẻ săn mồi có kích thước lớn là cần thiết để dự đoán những tác động tiềm tàng của chúng lên động lực học chuỗi thức ăn. Tuy nhiên, thông tin về chế độ ăn từ nội dung dạ dày có thể không thực tiễn để thu thập vì kích thước mẫu cần thiết có thể rất lớn. Ngược lại, các ước lượng chế độ ăn thu được bằng mô hình trộn đồng vị ổn định Bayesian yêu cầu ít nỗ lực thu thập mẫu hơn và cũng có thể tiết lộ sự biến đổi về chế độ ăn ở cả mức quần thể và cá thể. Ở đây, chúng tôi đã sử dụng bộ dữ liệu đồng vị ổn định rộng rãi để đánh giá vai trò dinh dưỡng của cá mập sáu mang đầu cùn (Hexanchus griseus), một loài phân bố toàn cầu và nằm trong số các loài cá mập lớn nhất ở Bắc Thái Bình Dương. Tổng cộng, 43 con cá mập sáu mang vị thành niên đã được lấy mẫu từ Puget Sound, Washington, Hoa Kỳ. Kết quả mô hình trộn cho thấy rằng quần thể chủ yếu ăn cá và động vật không xương sống sống đáy (tỷ lệ phần trăm chế độ ăn ước tính trung vị: 33 và 35%, tương ứng). Hơn nữa, mô hình cho thấy sự biến đổi cá nhân trong chế độ ăn là thấp và hành vi ăn uống của cả cá thể và quần thể nói chung có xu hướng thiên về sự tổng quát. Cụ thể, cá mập sáu mang dường như ăn các nhóm con mồi tương ứng theo tỷ lệ mật độ sinh khối trung bình của chúng trong chuỗi thức ăn Puget Sound. Là những loài tổng quát, cá mập sáu mang ít có khả năng bị ảnh hưởng bởi những thay đổi trong sự phong phú của bất kỳ tài nguyên con mồi đơn lẻ nào, và kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy chúng ít có khả năng là những kẻ săn mồi quan trọng đối với ít nhất một số loài có liên quan đến quản lý. Thêm vào đó, dữ liệu đồng vị ổn định thu được một cách ngẫu nhiên từ một con cá mập sáu mang trưởng thành hỗ trợ các mô hình di chuyển ở các giai đoạn phát triển từng được gợi ý, trong đó một số con trưởng thành thực hiện các cuộc di cư ngắn vào Puget Sound từ các môi trường ven biển bên ngoài, khả năng là để sinh sản, và cá con ăn uống, phát triển và ở lại Puget Sound trong vài năm. Những phát hiện của chúng tôi cung cấp những hiểu biết về vai trò dinh dưỡng của loài quan trọng nhưng chưa được nghiên cứu nhiều này và chứng minh cách phân tích đồng vị ổn định có thể nâng cao hiểu biết về sinh thái cá mập.
Từ khóa
#sinh thái dinh dưỡng #cá mập sáu mang đầu cùn #Hexanchus griseus #phân tích đồng vị ổn định #động lực học chuỗi thức ănTài liệu tham khảo
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