Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Pegylated Interferon and Sodium Valproate Improves Clinical Outcome and Reduces Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load, Tax and HBZ mRNA Expression in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Kannian, 2010, Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1): molecular biology and oncogenesis, Viruses, 2, 2037, 10.3390/v2092037

Trevino, 2012, Trends in the prevalence and distribution of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in Spain, Virol J, 9, 71, 10.1186/1743-422X-9-71

Rafatpanah, 2011, High prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in Mashhad, Northeast Iran: a population-based seroepidemiology survey, J Clin Virol, 52, 172, 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.07.004

Yamashiro, 2012, CT scans of the chest in carriers of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1: presence of interstitial pneumonia, Acad Radiol, 19, 952, 10.1016/j.acra.2012.03.020

Gessain, 2012, Epidemiological aspects and world distribution of HTLV-1 Infection, Front Microbiol, 3, 388, 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00388

Azarpazhooh, 2012, Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 prevalence in northeastern Iran, Sabzevar: an epidemiologic-based study and phylogenetic analysis, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 28, 1095, 10.1089/aid.2011.0248

Boostani, 2011, Khorasan disease: prevalence of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in west Azarbaijan from 2004 to 2007, Iran Red Crescent Medical J, 13, 428

Kalavi, 2013, Population-based seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infection in Golestan Province, South East of Caspian Sea, Iran, Iran J Basic Med Sci, 16, 225

Ahmadi Ghezeldasht, 2013, Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) oncogenesis: molecular aspects of virus and host interactions in pathogenesis of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), Iran J Basic Med Sci, 16, 179

Shoeibi, 2013, “HTLV-1 Infection” twenty-year research in neurology department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran J Basic Med Sci, 16, 202

Farid Hosseni, 2013, Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease, Iran J Basic Med Sci, 16, 217

Lepoutre, 2009, Role of resident CNS cell populations in HTLV-1-associated neuroinflammatory disease, Front Biosci, 14, 1152, 10.2741/3300

Kubota, 2007, Genetic stability of human T lymphotropic virus type I despite antiviral pressures by CTLs, J Immunol, 178, 5966, 10.4049/jimmunol.178.9.5966

Lomas, 2002, Presentation of a new H-2D(k)-restricted epitope in the Tax protein of human T-lymphotropic virus type I is enhanced by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin, J Gen Virol, 83, 641, 10.1099/0022-1317-83-3-641

Casseb, 2006, Lack of tax diversity for tropical spastic paraparesis/human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) associated myelopathy development in HTLV-1-infected subjects in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 101, 273, 10.1590/S0074-02762006000300008

Zhao, 2012, HBZ and its roles in HTLV-1 oncogenesis, Front Microbiol, 3, 247, 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00247

Matsuoka, 2009, The HBZ gene, a key player in HTLV-1 pathogenesis, Retrovirology, 6, 71, 10.1186/1742-4690-6-71

Zhao, 2009, Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 bZIP factor selectively suppresses the classical pathway of NF-kappaB, Blood, 113, 2755, 10.1182/blood-2008-06-161729

Belrose, 2011, Effects of valproate on Tax and HBZ expression in HTLV-1 and HAM/TSP T lymphocytes, Blood, 118, 2483, 10.1182/blood-2010-11-321364

Kchour, 2013, The combination of arsenic, interferon-alpha, and zidovudine restores an “immunocompetent-like” cytokine expression profile in patients with adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma, Retrovirology, 10, 91, 10.1186/1742-4690-10-91

Tattermusch, 2012, Systems biology approaches reveal a specific interferon-inducible signature in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy, PLoS Pathog, 8, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002480

Hermine, 1998, Adult T cell leukaemia: a review of established and new treatments, BioDrugs, 10, 447, 10.2165/00063030-199810060-00003

Carod-Artal, 2009, Immunopathogenesis and treatment of the myelopathy associated to the HTLV-1 virus, Rev Neurol, 48, 147

Pot, 2006, Combined antiviral-immunosuppressive treatment in human T-lymphotrophic virus 1-Sjogren-associated myelopathy, Arch Neurol, 63, 1318, 10.1001/archneur.63.9.1318

Rafatpanah, 2012, The impact of interferon-alpha treatment on clinical and immunovirological aspects of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in northeast of Iran, J Neuroimmunol, 250, 87, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.05.004

Yamano, 2012, The current and future approaches to the treatment of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), Nihon Rinsho, 70, 705

Oh, 2008, Treatment of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: toward rational targeted therapy, Neurol Clin, 26, 781, 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.03.008

Izumo, 1996, Interferon-alpha is effective in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, Neurology, 46, 1016, 10.1212/WNL.46.4.1016

Yang, 2014, Evaluation of spasticity after stroke by using ultrasound to measure the muscle architecture parameters: a clinical study, Int J Clin Exp Med, 7, 2712

Hajebrahimi, 2012, Validity and reliability of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form and its correlation with urodynamic findings, Urol J, 9, 685

Seckiner, 2007, Correlations between the ICIQ-SF score and urodynamic findings, Neurourol Urodyn, 26, 492, 10.1002/nau.20389

Simsek, 2014, Female sexual function after transobturator tape in women with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence, SpringerPlus, 3, 570, 10.1186/2193-1801-3-570

Saifi, 2014, Th17 cells and related cytokines in unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage at the implantation window, Reprod Biomed Online, 29, 481, 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.008

Furtado Mdos, 2012, Monitoring the HTLV-1 proviral load in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers and patients with HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis from a Brazilian cohort: ROC curve analysis to establish the threshold for risk disease, J Med Virol, 84, 664, 10.1002/jmv.23227

Matsuzaki, 2001, HTLV-1 proviral load correlates with progression of motor disability in HAM/TSP: analysis of 239 HAM/TSP patients including 64 patients followed up for 10 years, J Neurovirol, 7, 228, 10.1080/13550280152403272

Vakili, 2013, Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral load and clinical features in Iranian HAM/TSP patients: comparison of HTLV-1 proviral load in HAM/TSP patients, Iran J Basic Med Sci, 16, 268

Nakamura, 1990, The efficacy of interferon-alpha treatment in human T-lymphotropic virus type-I-associated myelopathy, Jpn J Med, 29, 362, 10.2169/internalmedicine1962.29.362

Feng, 2004, Th1/Th2 balance and HTLV-1 proviral load in HAM/TSP patients treated with interferon-alpha, J Neuroimmunol, 151, 189, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.02.007

Feng, 2003, Interferon-alpha significantly reduces cerebrospinal fluid CD4 cell subsets in HAM/TSP, J Neuroimmunol, 141, 170, 10.1016/S0165-5728(03)00219-4

Lezin, 2007, Histone deacetylase mediated transcriptional activation reduces proviral loads in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients, Blood, 110, 3722, 10.1182/blood-2007-04-085076

Afonso, 2010, Highly active antiretroviral treatment against STLV-1 infection combining reverse transcriptase and HDAC inhibitors, Blood, 116, 3802, 10.1182/blood-2010-02-270751

Olindo, 2011, Safety of long-term treatment of HAM/TSP patients with valproic acid, Blood, 118, 6306, 10.1182/blood-2011-04-349910

Boostani, 2013, Effects of danazol on clinical improvement of patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP): a placebo-controlled clinical trial, Iran J Basic Med Sci, 16, 213

Saito, 2012, Immunopathogenesis of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: recent perspectives, Leukemia Res Treat, 2012, 259045

Gottlicher, 2004, Valproic acid: an old drug newly discovered as inhibitor of histone deacetylases, Ann Hematol, 83, S91

Bialer, 2007, Valproic Acid: second generation, Neurotherapeutics, 4, 130, 10.1016/j.nurt.2006.11.007

Holmes, 2011, Human teratogens: update 2010, Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol, 91, 1, 10.1002/bdra.20748

Lloyd KA. A scientific review: mechanisms of valproate-mediated teratogenesis. Bioscience Horizons 2013;6:hzt003.

Kira, 2013, Therapeutic benefits of an oral vitamin B1 derivative for human T lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), BMC Med, 11, 183, 10.1186/1741-7015-11-183