Triassic Subduction of the Paleo-Tethys in northern Tibet, China: Evidence from the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of eclogites and blueschists of the Qiangtang Block

Ai, 2005, Geochemical characteristics and tectonic implications of HP–UHP eclogites and blueschists, SW Tianshan, China, Progress in Natural Sciences, 15, 1346 Ames, 1996, Geochronology and isotopic character of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism with implications for collision of the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons, central China, Tectonics, 15, 472, 10.1029/95TC02552 BGMR (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Xizang Autonomous Region), 1993. Regional geology of Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract). Cawthorn, 1974, Recalculation of pyroxene end-member parameters and estimation of ferrous and ferric Iron content from electron-microprobe analyses, American Mineralogist, 59, 1203 Condie, 2005, High field strength element ratios in Archean basalts: a window to evolving sources of mantle plumes?, Lithos, 79, 491, 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.09.014 Dosso, 1991, Sr-Nd-Pb geochemical morphology between 10° and 17°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a new MORB isotope signature, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 106, 29, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90061-L Droop, 1987, A general equation for estimating Fe3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric criteria, Mineralogical Magazine, 51, 431, 10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.10 Dulski, 1994, Interferences of oxide, hydroxide and chloride analyte species in the determination of rare-earth elements in geological samples by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 350, 194, 10.1007/BF00322470 Feng, 2002, Stratigraphy of volcanic rocks in the Changning–Menglian Belt in southwestern Yunnan, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20, 657, 10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00006-8 Gao, 2003, Formation of HP-LT rocks and their tectonic implications in the western Tianshan Orogen, NW China: geochemical and age constraints, Lithos, 66, 1, 10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00153-6 Hofmann, 1997, Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism, Nature, 385, 219, 10.1038/385219a0 Jahn, 1999, Sm–Nd isotope tracer study of UHP metamorphic rocks: implications for continental subduction and collisional tectonics, International Geology Review, 41, 859, 10.1080/00206819909465175 Jahn, 1980, Nd and Sr isotopic compositions and REE abundances of Cretaceous Morb (Holes 417d and 418a, Legs 51, 52 and 53), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 48, 171, 10.1016/0012-821X(80)90180-6 Jahn, 1996, Ultrahigh-epsilon(Nd) eclogites from an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrane of China, Chemical Geology, 127, 61, 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00108-5 Jahn, 2003, Petrogrenesis of the Maowu pyroxenite-eclogite body from the UHP metamorphic terrane of Dabieshan: chemical and isotopic constraints, Lithos, 70, 243, 10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00101-4 Jahn, 2003, Geochemistry and isotope tracer study of UHP metamorphic rocks, EMU Notes in Mineralogy, 12, 365 Jian, 2009, Devonian to Permian plate tectonic cycle of the Paleo-Tethys Orogen in southwest China (II): insights from zircon ages of ophiolites, arc/back-arc assemblages and within-plate igneous rocks and generation of the Emeishan CFB province, Lithos, 113, 767, 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.006 Jin, 2002, Permo-Carboniferous sequences of Gondwana affinity in southwest China and their paleogeographic implications, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20, 633, 10.1016/S1367-9120(01)00084-0 Kapp, 2003, Tectonic evolution of the early Mesozoic blueschist-bearing Qiangtang metamorphic belt, central Tibet, Tectonics, 22, 1043, 10.1029/2002TC001383 Kapp, 2000, Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang Block reveal deep crustal structure of northern Tibet, Geology, 28, 19, 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<19:BMCCIT>2.0.CO;2 Keto, 1988, Nd isotopic variations of Phanerozoic paleoceans, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 90, 395, 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90138-0 Korte, 2003, Strontium isotope evolution of Late Permian and Triassic seawater, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67, 47, 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01035-9 Kretz, 1983, Symbols for rock-forming minerals, American Mineralogist, 68, 277 LeBas, 1986, A chemical classification of volcanic-rocks based on the total alkali silica diagram, Journal of Petrology, 27, 745, 10.1093/petrology/27.3.745 Li, 1995 Li, 2008, Discovery of Eopaleozoic ophiolite in the Qiangtang of Tibet Plateau: evidence from SHRIMP U–Pb dating and its tectonic implications, Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24, 31 Li, 2006, Discovery of eclogite and its geological significance in Qiangtang area, central Tibet, Chinese Science Bulletin, 51, 1095, 10.1007/s11434-006-1095-3 Li, 1993, Paleozoic stratigraphy in the Qiangtang region of Tibet: relations of the Gondwana and Yangtze continents and ocean closure near the end of the Carboniferous, International Geology Review, 35, 797, 10.1080/00206819309465558 Liou, 2009, Ultrahigh-pressure minerals and metamorphic terranes – the view from China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 35, 199, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.10.012 Maruyama, 1996, Blueschists and eclogites of the world and their exhumation, International Geology Review, 38, 485, 10.1080/00206819709465347 Neal, 2001, Interior of the Moon: the presence of garnet in the primitive deep lunar mantle, Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets, 106, 27865, 10.1029/2000JE001386 Pan, G.Q., Ding, J., Yao, D.S., Wang, L.Q., 2004. Geological Map of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and Adjacent Areas. Chengdu Cartographic Oublishing House. Pearce, 2008, Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust, Lithos, 100, 14, 10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.016 Pearce, 1973, Tectonic setting of basic volcanic-rocks determined using trace-element analyses, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19, 290, 10.1016/0012-821X(73)90129-5 Peng, 2008, Arc-like volcanic rocks from the southern Lancangjiang zone, SW China: geochronological and geochemical constraints on their petrogenesis and tectonic implications, Lithos, 102, 358, 10.1016/j.lithos.2007.08.012 Powell, 1985, Regression diagnostics and robust regression in geothermometer/geobarometer calibration: the garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometer revisited, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 3, 231, 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1985.tb00319.x Pullen, 2008, Triassic continental subduction in central Tibet and Mediterranean-style closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, Geology, 36, 351, 10.1130/G24435A.1 Ravna, 2004, Geothermobarometry of UHP and HP eclogites and schists – an evaluation of equilibria among garnet–clinopyroxene–kyanite–phengite–coesite/quartz, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 22, 579, 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00534.x Ravna, 2000, The garnet-clinopyroxene Fe2+–Mg geothermometer: an updated calibration, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 18, 211, 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2000.00247.x Robinson, 1982, Phase relations of metamorphic amphiboles: natural occurrence and theory, 1 Schilling, 1983, Petrologic and geochemical variations along the mid-Atlantic Ridge from 29°N to 73°N, American Journal of Science, 283, 510, 10.2475/ajs.283.6.510 Shervais, 1982, Ti–V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 59, 101, 10.1016/0012-821X(82)90120-0 Song, 2003, Petrology, geochemistry and isotopic ages of eclogites from the Dulan UHPM Terrane, the North Qaidam, NW China, Lithos, 70, 195, 10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00099-9 Song, 2006, Evolution from oceanic subduction to continental collision: a case study from the Northern Tibetan Plateau based on geochemical and geochronological data, Journal of Petrology, 47, 435, 10.1093/petrology/egi080 Song, 2009, Tectonic evolution of early Paleozoic HP metamorphic rocks in the North Qilian Mountains, NW China: new perspectives, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 35, 334, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.11.005 Sun, 1989, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42, 313, 10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19 Tapponnier, 2001, Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet plateau, Science, 294, 1671, 10.1126/science.105978 van der Straaten, 2008, Blueschist-facies rehydration of eclogites (Tian Shan, NW-China): implications for fluid–rock interaction in the subduction channel, Chemical Geology, 255, 195, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.037 Winchester, 1977, Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements, Chemical Geology, 20, 325, 10.1016/0009-2541(77)90057-2 Wu, 1995, The Changning–Menglian suture zone: a segment of the major Cathaysian–Gondwana divide in Southeast Asia, Tectonophysics, 242, 267, 10.1016/0040-1951(94)00210-Z Yin, 2000, Geologic evolution of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 28, 211, 10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211 Zhai, 2004, Geological features of Permian ophiolite in the Jiaomuri area, Qiangtang, Tibet, Geological Bulletin of China, 23, 1228 Zhai, 2007, Zircon SHRIMP dating of volcanic rock from Nadigangri formation in Juhuashan, Qiangtang, Northern Tibet and its geological significance, Acta Geologica Sinica, 81, 795 Zhai, 2007, The fragment of Paleo-Tethys ophiolite from central Qiangtang, Tibet: geochemical evidence of metabasites in Guoganjianian, Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, 50, 1302, 10.1007/s11430-007-0051-7 Zhai, 2009, Petrology, mineralogy and 40Ar/39Ar chronology for Rongma blueschist from central Qiangtang, northern Tibet, Acta Petrologica Sinica, 25, 2281 Zhai, 2010, SHRIMP U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analyses of Middle Ordovician meta-cumulate gabbro in central Qiangtang, northern Tibetan plateau, Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, 53, 657, 10.1007/s11430-010-0063-6 Zhai, 2011, Petrology, geochronology and P–T path of the eclogite from the Qiangtang Block, Northern Tibet, China, Lithos, 125, 173, 10.1016/j.lithos.2011.02.004 Zhang, 2008, The subducted oceanic crust within continental-type UHP metamorphic belt in the North Qaidam, NW China: evidence from petrology, geochemistry and geochronology, Lithos, 104, 99, 10.1016/j.lithos.2007.12.001 Zhang, 2006, Eclogites from central Qiangtang, northern Tibet (China) and tectonic implications, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 245, 722, 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.025 Zhang, 2006, The blueschist-bearing Qiangtang metamorphic belt (northern Tibet, China) as an in situ suture zone: evidence from geochemical comparison with the Jinsa suture, Geology, 34, 493, 10.1130/G22404.1 Zhang, 2007, A brief review of UHP meta-ophiolitic rocks, southwestern Tianshan, western China, International Geology Review, 49, 811, 10.2747/0020-6814.49.9.811 Zhang, 2009, A preliminary report of the fieldtrip on the Carboniferous–Permian sequences in the north and south of the Longmu Co–Shuanghu suture zone, Northern Tibet in May and June, Permophiles, 53, 5 Zheng, 2010, Subducted Precambrian oceanic crust: geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence from metabasalts of the Aksu blueschist, NW China, Journal of the Geological Society, 167, 1161, 10.1144/0016-76492010-001 Zhong, 1998