Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Conway, T. J. et al. Evidence of interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the NOAA/CMDL global air sampling network. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 22831–22855 (1994).
Raupach, M. et al. Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 9913–9914 (2007).
Nakicenovic, N. & Swart, R. Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000).
Peters, G. P. & Hertwich, E. G. CO2 embodied in international trade with implications for global climate policy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 1401–1407 (2008).
Peters, G. P. et al. Trade, transport, and sinks extend the carbon dioxide responsibility of countries. Climatic Change 10.1007/s10584-009-9606-2 (2009).
Weber, C. L., Peters, G. P., Guan, D. & Hubacek, K. The contribution of Chinese exports to climate change. Energ. Policy 36, 3572–3577 (2008).
Guan, D., Peters, G. P., Weber, C. L. & Hubacek, K. Journey to world top emitter: an analysis of the driving forces of China's recent CO2 emissions surge. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L04709 (2009).
Minx, J. C., Baiocchi, G., Wiedmann, T. & Barrett, J. Understanding Changes in UK CO2 Emissions 1992–2004: A Structural Decomposition Analysis (UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2009).
Weber, C. & Matthews, H. S. Embodied environmental emissions in US international trade, 1997–2004. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 4875–4881 (2007).
Hertwich, E. G. & Peters, G. P. The carbon footprint of nations – a global, trade-linked analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 6414–6420 (2009).
Canadell, J. G. et al. Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 18866–18870 (2007).
Raupach, M. R., Canadell, J. G. & Le Quéré, C. Anthropogenic and biophysical contributions to increasing atmospheric CO2 growth rate and airborne fraction. Biogeosciences 5, 1601–1613 (2008).
Houghton, R. A. Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850–2000 Tellus B 55, 378–390 (2003).
Mouillot, F. C. & Field, B. Fire history and the global carbon budget: a 1° × 1° fire history reconstruction for the 20th century. Glob. Change Biol. 11, 398–420 (2005).
van der Werf, G. R. et al. Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 3423–3441 (2006).
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. PRODES: Assessment of Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia < http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/index.html > (2009).
van der Werf, G. R. et al. Climate regulation of fire emissions and deforestation in equatorial Asia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 20350–23055 (2008).
IPCC Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis (eds Solomon, S. et al.) 1–18 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).
Denman, K. L. et al. in IPCC Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis (eds Solomon, S. et al.) 499–587 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).
Manning, A. C. & Keeling, R. F. Global oceanic and land biotic carbon sinks from the Scripps atmospheric oxygen flask sampling network. Tellus B 58, 95–116 (2006).
McNeil, B. I., Matear, R. J., Key, R. M., Bullister, J. L. & Sarmiento, J. L. Anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean based on the global chlorofluorocarbon data set. Science 299, 235–239 (2003).
Gruber, N. et al. Oceanic sources, sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO2 . Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 23, GB1005 (2009).
Feely, R. A. et al. Decadal variability of the air-sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 111, C07S03 (2006).
Le Quéré, C. et al. Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change. Science 316, 1735–1738 (2007).
Lenton, A. et al. Stratospheric ozone depletion reduces ocean carbon uptake and enhances ocean acidification. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L12606 (2009).
Gurney, K. R. et al. Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature 415, 626–630 (2002).
Rödenbeck, C., Houweling, S., Gloor, M. & Heimann, M. CO2 flux history 1982–2001 inferred from atmospheric data using a global inversion of atmospheric transport. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3, 1919–1964 (2003).
Sitch, S. et al. Evaluation of the terrestrial carbon cycle, future plant geography and climate-carbon cycle feedbacks using five dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). Glob. Change Biol. 14, 2015–2039 (2008).
Mercado, L. M. et al. Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink. Nature 458, 1014–1017 (2009).
Peylin, P. et al. Multiple constraints on regional CO2 flux variations over land and oceans. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19, GB1011 (2005).
Takahashi, T. et al. Climatological mean and decadal changes in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Res. II 56, 554–577 (2009).
Schuster, U. et al. Trends in North Atlantic sea surface pCO2 from 1990 to 2006. Deep-Sea Res. II 56, 620–629 (2009).
Corbière, A., Metzl, N., Reverdin, G., Brunet, C. & Takahashi, T. Interannual and decadal variability of the oceanic carbon sink in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Tellus B 59, 168–179 (2007).
Metzl, N. Decadal increase of oceanic carbon dioxide in Southern Indian surface ocean waters (1991–2007). Deep-Sea Res. II 56, 607–619 (2009).
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Feely, R. A. & Wanninkhof, R. Decadal change of the surface water pCO2 in the North Pacific: a synthesis of 35 years of observations. J. Geophys. Res. 111, C07S05 (2006).
Böning, C. W., Dispert, A., Visbeck, M., Rintoul, S. & Schwarzkopf, F. U. The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change. Nature Geosci. 1, 864–869 (2008).
Friedlingstein, P. et al. Climate–carbon cycle feedback analysis: results from the C4MIP model intercomparison. J. Clim. 19, 3337–3353 (2006).
Van Oss, H. G. in 2006 Minerals Yearbook 16.1–16.36 (US Geological Survey, October 2008).
BP Statistical Review of World Energy < http://www.bp.com/productlanding.do?categoryId=6929&contentId=7044622 > (2009).
Myhre, G., Alterskjaer, K. & Lowe, D. A fast method for updating global fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions. Environ. Res. Lett. 4, 034012 (2009).
Van Oss, H. G. in Mineral Commodities Summaries 40–41 (US Geological Survey, 2009).
Marland, G. Uncertainties in accounting for CO2 from fossil fuels. J. Ind. Ecol. 12, 136–139 (2008).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Global Forest Resource Assessment 2005 FAO Forestry Paper 147, 129–147 (2006).
Giglio, L., van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Collatz, G. J. & Kasibhatla, P. Global estimation of burned area using MODIS active fire observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 957–974 (2006).
van der Werf, G. R. et al. Estimates of fire emissions from an active deforestation region in the southern Amazon based on satellite data and biogeochemical modelling. Biogeosciences 6, 235–249 (2009).
DeFries, R. S. et al. Carbon emissions from tropical deforestation and regrowth based on satellite observations for the 1980s and 1990s. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14256–14261 (2002).
Kalnay, E. et al. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 437–471 (1996).
Thomas, H. et al. Changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation influence CO2 uptake in the North Atlantic over the past two decades. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB4027 (2008).
Aumont, O. & Bopp, L. Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 20, GB2017 (2006).