Tree species delimitation in tropical forest inventories: Perspectives from a taxonomically challenging case study

Borba, 2002, Floral and vegetative morphometrics of five Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) species: correlation with taxonomy, phylogeny, genetic variability and pollination systems, Ann. Bot., 90, 219, 10.1093/aob/mcf168 Castillo, 2008, Supervised pattern recognition techniques for classification of Eucalyptus species from leaves NIR spectra, J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 53, 1709, 10.4067/S0717-97072008000400016 Chapin, 1996, The functional role of species in terrestrial ecosystems, 403 Crawford, 2016, Cryptic variation, molecular data, and the challenge of conserving plant diversity in oceanic archipelagos: the critical role of plant systematics, Korean J. Plant Taxonomy, 46, 129, 10.11110/kjpt.2016.46.2.129 Damasco, 2021, Revisiting the hyperdominance of Neotropical tree species under a taxonomic, functional and evolutionary perspective, Sci. Rep., 11, 10.1038/s41598-021-88417-y Damasco, 2019, Reestablishment of Protium cordatum (Burseraceae) based on integrative taxonomy, Taxon, 68, 34, 10.1002/tax.12022 De Queiroz, 2007, Species concepts and species delimitation, Syst. Biol., 56, 879, 10.1080/10635150701701083 Draper, 2020, Quantifying tropical plant diversity requires an integrated technological approach, Trends Ecol. Evol., 35, 1100, 10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.003 Duque, 2017, Insights into regional patterns of Amazonian forest structure, biodiversity, and dominance from three large terra-firme forest dynamics plots, Biodivers. Conserv., 26, 669, 10.1007/s10531-016-1265-9 Durgante, 2013, Species Spectral Signature: Discriminating closely related plant species in the Amazon with Near-Infrared Leaf-Spectroscopy, For. Ecol. Manage., 291, 240, 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.045 Esteves, 2013, Cryptic species in Pagaema coriacea sensu lato (Rubiaceae): evidence from morphology, ecology and reproductive behaviour in a sympatric context, Acta Amazonica, 43, 415, 10.1590/S0044-59672013000400003 Gaem, 2020, Three new Amazonian species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia (Myrtaceae) based on morphology and near-infrared spectroscopy, Phytotaxa, 451, 267, 10.11646/phytotaxa.451.4.2 Gomes, 2013, Local plant species delimitation in a highly diverse Amazonian forest: do we all see the same species?, J. Veg. Sci., 24, 70, 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01441.x Holst, B.K.; Landrum, L., Grifo, F. (2003). Myrtaceae. In: Berry, P.E.; Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.). Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol 7. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Saint Louis, pp. 1–99. Hopkins, 2007, Modelling the known and unknown plant biodiversity of the Amazon Basin, J. Biogeogr., 34, 1400, 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01737.x Iwata, 2002, SHAPE: A computer program package for quantitative evaluation of biological shapes based on elliptic Fourier descriptors, J. Hered., 93, 384, 10.1093/jhered/93.5.384 Landrum, 1997, The genera of Myrtaceae in Brazil: an illustrated synoptic treatment and identification keys, Brittonia, 49, 508, 10.2307/2807742 Lang, 2017, Discrimination of taxonomic identity at species, genus and family levels using Fourier Transformed Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR), For. Ecol. Manage., 406, 219, 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.003 Laurance, 2011, The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: a 32-year investigation, Biol. Conserv., 144, 56, 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.021 Lucas, 2011, Phylogenetics, morphology, and evolution of the large genus Myrcia s.l. (Myrtaceae), Int. J. Plant Sci., 172, 915, 10.1086/660913 Marenco, 2017, Leaf trait plasticity in six forest tree species of central Amazonia, Photosynthetica, 55, 679, 10.1007/s11099-017-0703-6 Mayr, 1992, A local flora and the Biological Species Concept, Am. J. Bot., 79, 222, 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13641.x McVaugh, 1958, Flora of Peru: Myrtaceae. Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series, 13, 569 McVaugh, R. (1969). Myrtaceae. In: Maguire, B.; Cowan, R.S., Wurdack, J.J. (eds.). The Botany of the Guayana Highland—Part VIII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 18(2): 55–286. Nadler, 2005, The prediction error in CLS and PLS: the importance of feature selection prior to multivariate calibration, J. Chemom., 19, 107, 10.1002/cem.915 Nery, 2019, Geometric Morphometrics Dismiss the Polymorphic Hydrocotyle quinqueloba (Araliaceae) from the Neotropics, Syst. Bot., 44, 451, 10.1600/036364419X15561132273558 Nery, 2020, Delimiting a constellation: integrative taxonomy of a star-shaped Hydrocotyle species complex (Araliaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest, Plant Syst. Evol., 306, 57, 10.1007/s00606-020-01682-8 Oliveira, 1999, Central Amazonian terra-firme forests. I. High tree species richness on poor soils, Biodivers. Conserv., 8, 1219, 10.1023/A:1008908615271 Pau, 2010, EBImage–an R package for image processing with applications to cellular phenotypes, Bioinformatics, 26, 979, 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq046 Pinheiro, 2018, Plant species complexes as models to understand speciation and evolution: a review of South American studies, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 37, 54, 10.1080/07352689.2018.1471565 Prata, 2018, Towards integrative taxonomy in Neotropical botany: disentangling the Pagamea guianensis species complex (Rubiaceae), Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 188, 213, 10.1093/botlinnean/boy051 Paiva, 2021, Using near-infrared spectroscopy to discriminate closely related species: a case study of neotropical ferns, J. Plant. Res., 134, 509, 10.1007/s10265-021-01265-9 R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0. Available at: <www.R-project.org>. Acessed 16 May 2020. Santos, 2017, 319 Santos, M.F.; Amorim, B.S.; Burton, G.P.; Fernandes, T.; Gaem, P.H.; Lourenço, A.R.L.; Lima, D.F.; Rosa, P.O.; Santos, L.L.D.; Staggemeier, V.G.; Vasconcelos, T.N.C. E Lucas, E.J. (2020). Myrcia in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB603718>. Acessed 17 May 2021. Souza, M.A.D.; Kawasaki, M.L., Holst, B.K. (1999). Myrtaceae. In: Ribeiro, J.E.L.S.; Hopkins, M.J.G.; Vicentini, A.; Sothers, C.A.; Costa, M.A.S.; Brito, J.M.; Souza, M.A.D.; Martins, L.H.P.; Lohmann, L.G.; Assunção, P.A.C.L.; Pereira, E.C.; Silva, C.F.; Mesquita, M.R., Procópio, L.C. (eds.). Flora da Reserva Ducke: Guia de identificação das plantas vasculares de uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Central. INPA, Manaus, pp. 417–436. Viscosi, 2011, Leaf morphology, taxonomy and geometric morphometrics: a simplified protocol for beginners, PLoS ONE, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0025630 Weihs, 2005, KlaR analysing German business cycles, 335, 10.1007/3-540-28397-8_36 Williams, 1988, Assessment of sampling stability in ecological applications of discriminant analysis, Ecology, 69, 1275, 10.2307/1941283 Xiaobo, 2010, Variables selection methods in near-infrared spectroscopy, Anal. Chim. Acta, 667, 14, 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.048