Treatments Affecting Fluid and Electrolyte Status During Exercise

Alexander, 1982, The effect of ethacrynic acid, bumetanide, frusemide, spironolactone and ADH on electrolyte excretion in ponies, J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 5, 153, 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1982.tb00426.x Armstrong, 1985, Influence of diuretic-induced dehydration on competitive running performance, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 17, 456, 10.1249/00005768-198508000-00009 Bayly, 1995, Ventilatory responses of horses to prolonged submaximal exercise, Equine Vet J, 18, 23 Bayly WM, Slocombe RF, Schott HC, et al: Furosemide administration affects maximal oxygen consumption but not airway mechanics. In Proceedings of the International EIPH Conference, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 1993, p 35 Beech, 1996, Prophylactic effect of phenytoin, acetazolamide and hydrochlorthiazide in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, Res Vet Sci, 59, 95, 10.1016/0034-5288(95)90039-X Bengtsson, 1975, Experiments with limited feeding of horses under field conditions, Zentrabl Veterinarmed [A], 22, 445, 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1975.tb01452.x Burge, 1993, Rowing performance, fluid balance, and metabolic function following dehydration and rehydration, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 25, 1358, 10.1249/00005768-199312000-00007 Cade, 1992, Marathon running: Physiological and chemical changes accompanying late-race functional deterioration, Eur J Appl Physiol, 65, 485, 10.1007/BF00602353 Carlson, 1987, Hematology and body fluids in the equine athlete: A review, 393 Carlson, 1985, Medical problems associated with protracted heat and work stress in horses, Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet, 7, S542 Carlson, 1983, Thermoregulation and fluid balance in the exercising horse, 291 Carr, 1997, Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in horses: 21 cases (1967–1993), JAVMA, 210, 1774 Cinotti, 1997, The effect of psyllium on some haematological and biochemical variables in the plasma of horses during an endurance ride: Preliminary results, Pferdeheilkunde, 13, 23, 10.21836/PEM19970103 Clarke, 1990, Effect of meal feeding on plasma volume and urinary electrolyte clearance in ponies, Am J Vet Res, 51, 571 Clarke, 1990, Feeding and digestive problems in horses: Physiologic responses to a concentrated meal, Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 6, 433, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30550-3 Clarke, 1988, Effect of feeding on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of the horse, Am J Physiol, 254, R524 Coenen, 1995, Effects of NaCl supplementation before exercise on metabolism of water and electrolytes, Equine Vet J, 18, 207 Coyle, 1992, Carbohydrate and fluid ingestion during exercise: Are there trade-offs?, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24, 671, 10.1249/00005768-199206000-00009 Cuddeford, 1992, A comparison between the nutritive value of short-cutting cycle, high temperature-dried alfalfa and timothy hay for horses, Equine Vet J, 24, 84, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02788.x Cymbaluk, 1989, Water balance of horses fed various diets, Equine Pract, 11, 19 Danielsen, 1995, Effect of diet on weight and plasma variables in endurance exercised horses, Equine Vet J, 18, 372 Duchman, 1997, Upper limit for intestinal absorption of a dilute glucose solution in men at rest, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29, 482, 10.1097/00005768-199704000-00009 Duren S, Manohar M, Sikkes B, et al: Hemodynamics and regional blood flow in fasted and fed ponies during exercise. In Proceedings of the 12th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium, Calgary, 1991, p 155 Eaton, 1995, Effect of a diet containing supplementary fat on the capacity for high intensity exercise, Equine Vet J, 18, 353 Farris, 1995, Glucose infusion increases maximal duration of prolonged treadmill exercise in Standardbred horses, Equine Vet J, 18, 357 Freestone, 1989, Furosemide and sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalosis in the horse and response to oral KCl or NaCl therapy, Am J Vet Res, 50, 1334 Freestone, 1988, Influence of furosemide treatment on fluid and electrolyte balance in horses, Am J Vet Res, 49, 1899 Freund, 1995, Glycerol hyperhydration: Hormonal, renal, and vascular fluid responses, J Appl Physiol, 79, 2069, 10.1152/jappl.1995.79.6.2069 Gabel, 1977, Furosemide in horses: A review, J Equine Med Surg, 1, 215 Gisolfi, 1992, Guidelines for optimal replacement beverages for different athletic events, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24, 679, 10.1249/00005768-199206000-00010 Gisolfi, 1995, Effect of sodium concentration in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on intestinal absorption, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 27, 1414, 10.1249/00005768-199510000-00010 Greenhaff, 1990, Bicarbonate loading in the Thoroughbred: Dose, method of administration and acid-base changes, Equine Vet J, 9, 83 Greenhaff, 1991, The influence of metabolic alkalosis upon exercise metabolism in the Thoroughbred horse, Eur J Appl Physiol, 63, 129, 10.1007/BF00235182 Greenhaff, 1991, Metabolic alkalosis and exercise performance in the Thoroughbred horse, 353 Greenleaf, 1992, Problem: Thirst, drinking behavior, and involuntary dehydration, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24, 645, 10.1249/00005768-199206000-00007 Groenendyk, 1988, External balance of water and electrolytes in the horse, Equine Vet J, 20, 189, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01497.x Hanson, 1993, The effects of sodium bicarbonate administered nasogastrically on plasma volume, electrolytes and blood gases in resting Quarter Horses, J Equine Vet Sci, 13, 593, 10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81532-7 Harkins, 1992, Effects of induced alkalosis on performance in Thoroughbreds during a 1,600m race, Equine Vet J, 24, 94, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02790.x Harkins, 1993, Effect of furosemide on physiologic variables in exercising horses, Am J Vet Res, 54, 2104 Harkins, 1994, Effect of supplemental sodium bicarbonate on equine performance, Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet, 16, 200 Harkins, 1992, Effect of added dietary fat on racing performance in Thoroughbred horses, J Equine Vet Sci, 12, 123, 10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81295-5 Hinchcliff, 1998, Fluid administration inhibits the hemodynamic effect of furosemide in running horses, Equine Vet J, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04495.x Hinchcliff, 1993, Furosemide, bumetanide, and ethacrynic acid, Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 9, 511, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30383-8 Hinchcliff, 1991, Pharmacology of furosemide in the horse: A review, J Vet Intern Med, 5, 211, 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00951.x Hinchcliff KW, McKeever KH, Muir WW, et al: Effect of oral sodium loading on acid:base responses of horses to intense exercise. In Proceedings of the 13th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium, Gainesville, FL, 1993, p 121 Hinchcliff, 1993, Effect of furosemide and weight carriage on energetic responses of horses to incremental exertion, Am J Vet Res, 54, 1500 Hinchcliff, 1991, Furosemide-induced changes in plasma and blood volume in horses, J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 14, 411, 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1991.tb00855.x Hinchcliff, 1996, Furosemide reduces accumulated oxygen deficit of horses during brief intense exertion, J Appl Physiol, 81, 1550, 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1550 Hinchcliff KW, Hubbell JAE, Grosenbaugh D, et al: Hemodynamic effects of furosemide are dependent upon diuresis. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Denver, CO, 1996, p 229 Hinchcliff, 1997, Hemodynamic and performance effects of furosemide, 379 Hinchcliff, 1995, Pharmacologic interaction of furosemide and phenylbutazone in horses, Am J Vet Res, 56, 1206 Hintz, 1983, Nutritional requirements of the exercising horse-a review, 275 Houpt, 1991, Thirst and salt appetite in horses treated with furosemide, J Appl Physiol, 71, 2380, 10.1152/jappl.1991.71.6.2380 Hower, 1995, Plasma aldosterone and electrolyte concentrations in exercising Thoroughbred horses fed two diets in summer and winter, J Equine Vet Sci, 15, 445, 10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81837-X Hoyt, 1995, Electrolyte balance in exercising horses fed a control and a fat-supplemented diet, J Equine Vet Sci, 15, 429, 10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81834-4 Hubbard, 1984, Voluntary dehydration and alliesthesia for water, J Appl Physiol, 57, 868, 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.868 Hyyppä, 1996, Restoration of water and electrolyte balance in horses after repeated exercise in hot and humid climates, Equine Vet J, 22, 108, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb05038.x Ignatoff, 1980, A survey of feeding practices at two Standardbred racetracks, Feedstuffs, 52, 24 Jansson, 1995, The effect of ambient temperature and saline loading on changes in plasma and urine electrolytes (Na+ and K+) following exercise, Equine Vet J, 20, 147 Jansson, 1996, Voluntary salt (NaCl) intake in Standardbred horses, Pferdeheilkunde, 12, 443, 10.21836/PEM19960415 Kerr, 1982, Alterations in haematocrit, plasma proteins and electrolytes in horses following the feeding of hay, Vet Rec, 110, 538 Kölle, 1984, 162 Kurosawa, 1991, The diuretic effect and fate of furosemide in horses, Jpn J Equine Sci, 2, 49, 10.1294/jes1990.2.49 Iwaoka, 1989, Effects of bicarbonate ingestion on the respiratory compensation threshold and maximal exercise performance, Jpn J Physiol, 39, 255, 10.2170/jjphysiol.39.255 Lawrence, 1990, Nutrition and fuel utilization in the athletic horse, Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 6, 393, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30548-5 Lawrence, 1987, The effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on blood parameters in exercising horses, 448 Lawrence, 1995, Effect of time of feeding on metabolic response to exercise, Equine Vet J, 18, 392 Lawrence, 1993, Feeding status affects glucose metabolism in exercising horses, J Nutr, 123, 2152 Lindner, 1983, Investigations on sodium metabolism in exercised Shetland ponies fed a diet marginal in sodium, 310 Lloyd, 1995, Effects of sodium bicarbonate on fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance in racehorses, Br Vet J, 151, 523, 10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80024-7 Lloyd, 1993, Effects of sodium bicarbonate on cardiorespiratory measurements and exercise capacity in Thoroughbred horses, Equine Vet J, 25, 125, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02921.x Lyons, 1990, Effects of glycerol-induced hyperhydration prior to exercise in the heat on sweating and core temperature, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 22, 477, 10.1249/00005768-199008000-00010 Manohar, 1994, Furosemide attenuates the exercise-induced rise in pulmonary capillary pressure in horses, Equine Vet J, 26, 51, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04331.x Matson, 1993, Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on anaerobic performance: A meta-analytic review, Int J Sports Nutri, 3, 2, 10.1123/ijsn.3.1.2 Maughan, 1991, Carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions during prolonged exercise, 35 McCutcheon, 1996, Sweat fluid and ion losses in horses during training and competition in cool vs. hot ambient conditions: Implications for ion supplementation, Equine Vet J, 22, 54 Meyer, 1987, Nutrition of the equine athlete, 644 Meyer H, Coenen M: Influence of exercise on the water and electrolyte content of the alimentary tract. In Proceedings of the 11th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium, Stillwater, OK, 1989, p 3 Monter, 1996, Pre-exercise glycerol hydration improves cycling endurance time, Int J Sports Med, 17, 27, 10.1055/s-2007-972804 Muir, 1978, Effects of furosemide on plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume in horses, Am J Vet Res, 39, 1688 Murray, 1987, The effects of consuming carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages on gastric emptying and fluid absorption during and following exercise, Sports Med, 4, 322, 10.2165/00007256-198704050-00002 Nadel, 1990, Influence of fluid replacement beverages on body fluid homeostasis during exercise and recovery, 181 Noakes, 1993, Fluid replacement during exercise, Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 21, 297, 10.1249/00003677-199301000-00010 Noakes, 1992, The hyponatremia of exercise, Int J Sports Nutr, 2, 205, 10.1123/ijsn.2.3.205 Noakes, 1985, Water intoxication: A possible complication during endurance exercise, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 17, 370, 10.1249/00005768-198506000-00012 Nyman, 1996, Strategies for voluntary rehydration in horses during endurance exercise, Equine Vet J, 22, 99 Olsen, 1992, Influence of furosemide on hemodynamic responses during exercise in horses, Am J Vet Res, 53, 742 Pascoe JR: Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: A unifying concept. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Convention of the American Association Equine Practitioners, Denver, CO, 1 996, p 220 Ralston, 1988, Nutritional management of horses competing in 160km races, Cornell Vet, 78, 53 Ralston, 1989, The effect of oral electrolyte supplementation during a 96 kilometer endurance race for horses, J Equine Vet Sci, 9, 13, 10.1016/S0737-0806(89)80111-X Randall, 1978, Responses of horses to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions, J Anim Sci, 47, 51, 10.2527/jas1978.47151x Riedesel, 1987, Hyperhydration with glycerol solutions, J Appl Physiol, 63, 2262, 10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2262 Riggs, 1981, Acute effects of acetazolamide in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, Neurology, 31, 725, 10.1212/WNL.31.6.725 Rivas, 1997, Effect of furosemide and subsequent intravenous fluid administration on right atrial pressure of splenectomized horses, Am J Vet Res, 58, 632 Rivas, 1997, Effect of sodium bicarbonate administration on blood constituents of horses, Am J Vet Res, 58, 658 Rivas, 1997, Effect of sodium bicarbonate administration on renal function of horses, Am J Vet Res, 58, 664 Rose, 1990, Electrolytes: Clinical applications, Vet Clin North Am Equine Prac, 6, 281, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30542-4 Rose, 1979, Some physiological and biochemical effects of acetazolamide in the dog, J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 2, 215, 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00378.x Rose, 1990, Effects of acetazolamide on metabolic and respiratory responses to exercise at maximal 02 uptake, J Appl Physiol, 68, 617, 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.2.617 Rumbaugh, 1982, Urinary production in the healthy horse and in horses deprived of feed and water, Am J Vet Res, 43, 735 Sawka, 1992, Physiologic consequences of hypohydration: Exercise performance and thermoregulation, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24, 657, 10.1249/00005768-199206000-00008 Sawka, 1990, Effects of body water loss on physiologic function and exercise performance, 1 Schils, 1989, 238 Schott, 1993, Fluids, electrolytes, and bicarbonate, Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 9, 577, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30387-5 Schott, 1996, Bodyweight, fluid and electrolyte, and hormonal changes in horses that successfully completed a 5 day, 424 kilometer endurance competition, Pferdeheilkunde, 12, 438, 10.21836/PEM19960414 Schott, 1997, Body weight, fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal changes in horses during and after recovery from 50- and 100-mile endurance rides, Am J Vet Res, 58, 303 Schott, 1997, Glycerol hyperhydration in resting horses, J Vet Intern Med, 11, 104 Schryver, 1987, Salt consumption and the effect of salt on mineral metabolism in horses, Cornell Vet, 77, 122 Scott BD, Potter GD, Greene LW, et al: Efficacy of a fat-supplemented diet to reduce thermal stress in exercising Thoroughbred horses. In Proceedings of the 13th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium, Gainesville, FL, 1993, p 66 Sosa León, 1995, The effects of tonicity, glucose concentration and temperature of an oral rehydration solution on its absorption and elimination, Equine Vet J, 20, 140, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb05020.x Sosa León, 1995, Effects of oral fluid on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to prolonged exercise, Equine Vet J, 18, 274, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04936.x Sosa León, 1996, Effects of hyperhydration on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise in horses during a simulated 2nd day of the 3-day event, Pferdeheilkunde, 12, 459, 10.21836/PEM19960419 Smith, 1985, Electrolyte in balances and metabolic disturbances in endurance horses, Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet, 7, S575 Spier, 1990, Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 197, 1009 Stewart, 1981 Sticker, 1995, Feed deprivation of mares: Plasma metabolite and hormonal concentrations and responses to exercise, J Anim Sci, 73, 3696, 10.2527/1995.73123696x Stull, 1995, Effects of post prandial interval and feed type on substrate availability during exercise, Equine Vet J, 18, 362 Tasker, 1967, Fluid and electrolyte studies in the horse. III. Intake and output of water, sodium, and potassium in normal horses, Cornell Vet, 57, 649 Tobin, 1978, The pharmacology of furosemide in the horse. III. Dose and time response relationships, effects of repeated dosing, and performance effects, J Equine Med Surg, 2, 216 Walsh, 1994, Impaired high-intensity cycling performance time at low levels of dehydration, Int J Sports Med, 15, 392, 10.1055/s-2007-1021076 Weiner, 1985, Diuretics and other agents employed in the mobilization of edema fluid, 887 Weiss, 1996, Effects of furosemide on hemmorheologic alterations induced by incremental treadmill exercise in Thoroughbreds, Am J Vet Res, 57, 891