Treatment of oil-produced water using a fungus–microalga consortium
Energy, Ecology and Environment - Trang 1-15 - 2023
Tóm tắt
The consortium between microalga and fungus can be used in wastewater treatment due the combination of their metabolisms, but this application in petroleum-produced water has not been verified in the literature. This study investigated the microalga-fungus consortium for the treatment of oil-produced water by varying the initial TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) concentrations in the effluent between 312 and 2500 mg L−1, the salinity between 5 and 50 g L−1, and at different concentrations of nitrogen (25, 50, and 100 mg L−1) and phosphorus (approximately 30 mg L−1). A synthetic effluent (modified BG-11 medium) with crude oil as a carbon source was used. The microalga Tetradesmus obliquus LCE-01 and the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger, Penicillium oxalicum, and Cunninghamella echinulata were the species chosen. The experiments were performed in an aerated bubble column reactor at a rate of 1.5 vvm, using illumination of 100 µmol m−2 s−1 (for microalgal experiments) and room temperature between 30 and 35 °C. By cultivating all fungi and microalga separately and in co-culture, it was found that the highest contribution to TPH removal was made by the filamentous fungi, with C. echinulata achieving removal efficiencies between 90 and 95%. With respect to salinity, it was observed that T. obliquus was able to survive up to concentrations of 25 g L−1, and C. echinulata not only grew in all saline concentrations tested but also significantly removed TPH at rates between 80 and 95%. The co-cultivation of the fungus with the microalga removed higher percentages of nitrogen (as nitrate), of 63.4, 44.4, and 31.7%, considering initial concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg L–1, respectively. A similar average of 36.58 ± 4.82% of phosphorus removal percentage was found for all experiments (initial phosphorus concentration of 30 mg L–1). When the real effluent was tested, TPH, nitrogen, and phosphorus were removed efficiently by the microalga–fungus consortium presenting higher efficiency than the monocultures.
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