Treatment of medullary thyroid cancer with bone metastases with denosumab: A review and case illustration

Altieri, 2019, Bone metastases in neuroendocrine neoplasms: from pathogenesis to clinical management, Cancers, 11, 1332, 10.3390/cancers11091332 Chau, 2013, Vandetanib for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer, Clin Canc Res, 19, 524, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2353 Jayarangaiah, 2019, Therapeutic options for advanced thyroid cancer, Int J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 5, 26, 10.17352/ijcem.000040 Puisieux, 2014, Oncogenic roles of EMT-inducing transcription factors, Nat Cell Biol, 16, 488, 10.1038/ncb2976 Brabletz, 2012, To differentiate or not-routes towards metastasis, Nat Rev Canc, 12, 425, 10.1038/nrc3265 Sosa, 2014, Mechanisms of disseminated cancer cell dormancy: an awakening field, Nat Rev Canc, 14, 611, 10.1038/nrc3793 Von Moos, 2019, Management of bone health in solid tumours: from bisphosphonates to a monoclonal antibody, Canc Treat Rev, 76, 57, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.05.003 Quan, 2012, Multidisciplinary treatment and survival of patients with vertebral metastases from thyroid carcinoma, Thyroid, 22, 125, 10.1089/thy.2010.0248 Bernstein, 2016, Spine stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with metastatic thyroid cancer: secondary analysis of phase I/II trials, Thyroid, 26, 1269, 10.1089/thy.2016.0046 Dionisio, 2019, Clinical and translational pharmacology of drugs for the prevention and treatment of bone metastases and cancer-induced bone loss, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 85, 1114, 10.1111/bcp.13852 Wang, 2015, Systematic literature review and network meta-analysis comparing bone-targeted agents for the prevention of skeletal-related events in cancer patients with bone metastasis, The Oncologist, 20, 440, 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0328 Gnant, 2009, For the ABCSG-12 trial investigators. Endocrine therapy plus zoledronic acid in premenopausal breast cancer, N Engl J Med, 360, 679, 10.1056/NEJMoa0806285 Aft, 2010, Effect of zoledronic acid on disseminated tumour cells in women with locally advanced breast cancer: an open label, randomised, phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 11, 421, 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70054-1 Zwolak, 2013, Antineoplastic activity of zoledronic acid and denosumab, Anticancer Res, 33, 2981 Coleman, 2014, Esmo guidelines working group. Bone health in cancer patients: esmo clinical practice guidelines, Ann Oncol, 25, iii124, 10.1093/annonc/mdu103 Chen, 2016, Safety of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in patients with bone metastases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Oncol Res Treat, 39, 453, 10.1159/000447372 Gillessen, 2019, J Clin Oncol, 37 Scharf, 2018, Bone metastases in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasm: frequency and clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic relevance, Neuroendocrinology, 106, 30, 10.1159/000457954 Van Loon, 2015, Bone metastases and skeletal-related events from neuroendocrine tumors, Endocr Connect, 4, 9, 10.1530/EC-14-0119 Ayala-Ramirez, 2013, Bone metastases and skeletal- related events in patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma, JCEM, 98, 1492, 10.1210/jc.2012-4231 Alexandraki, 2019, The prognosis and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms-related metastatic bone disease: lessons from clinical practice, Endocrine, 64, 690, 10.1007/s12020-019-01838-8 Wu, 2019, Improved survival after multimodal approach with 131I treatment in patients with bone metastases secondary to differentiated thyroid cancer, Thyroid, 29, 971, 10.1089/thy.2018.0582 Mazziotti, 2018, Real-life management and outcome of thyroid carcinoma-related bone metastases: results from a nationwide multicenter experience, Endocrine, 59, 90, 10.1007/s12020-017-1455-6 Xu, 2016, Bone metastases and skeletal-related events in medullary thyroid carcinoma, JCEM, 101, 4871, 10.1210/jc.2016-2815 Castroneves, 2018, Comparison of 68Ga PET/CT to other imaging studies in medullary thyroid cancer: superiority in detecting bone metastases, JCEM, 103, 3250, 10.1210/jc.2018-00193 Koizumi, 2017, Impending atypical femoral fracture in patients with medullary thyroid cancer with skeletal metastasis treated with long-term bisphosphonate and denosumab, Clin Nucl Med, 42, 463, 10.1097/RLU.0000000000001592 Kordoni, 2018, Atypical femoral fractures (AFF) from bone remodeling agents in patients with cancer, Anticancer Res, 38, 6439, 10.21873/anticanres.13005 Yang, 2017, Retrospective review of atypical femoral fracture in metastatic bone disease patients receiving denosumab therapy, Oncologist, 22, 438, 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0192 Khan, 2017, Case-based review of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and application of the international recommendations for management from the International Task Force on ONJ, J Clin Densitom, 20, 8, 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.09.005 Tsourdi, 2017, Discontinuation of Denosumab therapy for osteoporosis: a systematic review and position statement by ECTS, Bone, 105, 11, 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.003 Gonzalez-Rodriguez, 2020, Sixty spontaneous vertebral fractures after denosumab discontinuation in 15 women with early-stage breast cancer under aromatase inhibitors, Breast Canc Res Treat, 179, 153, 10.1007/s10549-019-05458-8 Otto, 2018, Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: prevention, diagnosis and management in patients with cancer and bone metastases, Canc Treat Rev, 69, 177, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.06.007 Kraeber-Bodéré, 2010, Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy in rapidly progressing, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer, Cancer, 116, 1118, 10.1002/cncr.24800