Treatment of invasive Candida and invasive Aspergillus infections in adult haematological patients

Herbrecht, 2002, Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis, N Engl J Med, 347, 408, 10.1056/NEJMoa020191 Kullberg, 2005, Voriconazole versus a regimen of amphotericin B followed by fluconazole for candidaemia in non-neutropenic patients: a randomised non-inferiority trial, Lancet, 366, 1435, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67490-9 Dykewicz, 2001, Summary of the Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients, Clin Infect Dis, 33, 139, 10.1086/321805 Abi-Said, 1997, The epidemiology of haematogenous candidiasis caused by different Candida species, Clin Infect Dis, 24, 1122, 10.1086/513663 Viscoli, 1999, Candidaemia in cancer patients: a prospective, multicenter surveillance study by the Invasive Fungal Infection Group (IFIG) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Clin Infect Dis, 28, 1071, 10.1086/514731 Wingard, 1991, Increase in Candida krusei infection among patients with bone marrow transplantation and neutropenia treated prophylactically with fluconazole, N Engl J Med, 325, 1274, 10.1056/NEJM199110313251803 White, 1997, The contribution of fluconazole to the changing epidemiology of invasive candidal infections, Clin Infect Dis, 24, 1129, 10.1086/513661 Ostrosky-Zeichner, 2003, Antifungal susceptibility survey of 2,000 bloodstream Candida isolates in the United States, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 47, 3149, 10.1128/AAC.47.10.3149-3154.2003 Malani, 2005, Candida glabrata fungemia: experience in a tertiary care center, Clin Infect Dis, 41, 975, 10.1086/432939 Walsh, 1999, Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group, N Engl J Med, 340, 764, 10.1056/NEJM199903113401004 Eriksson, 2001, Comparison of effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate infused over 4 or 24 hours: randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 322, 579, 10.1136/bmj.322.7286.579 Furrer, 2002, Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A and amphotericin B-deoxycholate as continuous infusion in allogenic stem cell transplantation, Swiss Med Wkly, 132, 316 Imhof, 2003, Continuous infusion of escalated doses of amphotericin B deoxycholate: an open-label observational study, Clin Infect Dis, 36, 943, 10.1086/368312 Peleg, 2004, Continuous and 4 h infusion of amphotericin B: a comparative study involving high-risk haematology patients, J Antimicrob Chemother, 54, 803, 10.1093/jac/dkh403 Leenders, 1998, Liposomal amphotericin B compared with amphotericin B deoxycholate in the treatment of documented and suspected neutropenia-associated invasive fungal infections, Br J Haematol, 103, 205, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00944.x Noskin, 1998, Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion for treatment of candidaemia in immunocompromised patients, Clin Infect Dis, 26, 461, 10.1086/516314 Ito, 2005, Treatment of Candida infections with amphotericin B lipid complex, Clin Infect Dis, 40, S384, 10.1086/429330 Anaissie, 1996, Management of invasive candidal infections: results of a prospective, randomized, multicenter study of fluconazole versus amphotericin B and review of the literature, Clin Infect Dis, 23, 964, 10.1093/clinids/23.5.964 Anaissie, 1996, Fluconazole versus amphotericin B in the treatment of haematogenous candidiasis: a matched cohort study, Am J Med, 101, 170, 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)80072-6 Anaissie, 1998, Predictors of adverse outcome in cancer patients with candidaemia, Am J Med, 104, 238, 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00030-8 Phillips, 1997, Multicenter randomized trial of fluconazole versus amphotericin B for treatment of candidaemia in non-neutropenic patients. Canadian Candidaemia Study Group, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 16, 337, 10.1007/BF01726360 Rex, 1994, A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidaemia in patients without neutropenia. Candidaemia Study Group and the National Institute, N Engl J Med, 331, 1325, 10.1056/NEJM199411173312001 Ostrosky-Zeichner, 2003, Voriconazole salvage treatment of invasive candidiasis, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 22, 651, 10.1007/s10096-003-1014-3 Walsh, 2002, Voriconazole compared with liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent fever, N Engl J Med, 346, 225, 10.1056/NEJM200201243460403 Mora-Duarte, 2002, Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis, N Engl J Med, 347, 2020, 10.1056/NEJMoa021585 Walsh, 2004, Caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia, N Engl J Med, 351, 1391, 10.1056/NEJMoa040446 DiNubile, 2005, Invasive candidiasis in cancer patients: observations from a randomized clinical trial, J Infect, 50, 443, 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.01.016 Ruhnke M, Kuse E, Chetchotisakd P, Arns da Cunha C, Diekmann-Berndt H. Comparison of micafungin and liposomal amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis. In: Proceeding of the 45th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Washington (DC), December 16–19; 2005 [Abstract M-722c]. Reboli A, Rotstein C, Pappas P, Schranz J, Krause D, Walsh T. Anidulafungin vs. fluconazole for treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis. In: Proceeding of the 45th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Washington (DC), December 16–19; 2005 [Abstract M718]. Pappas, 2004, Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis, Clin Infect Dis, 38, 161, 10.1086/380796 Nucci, 2002, Should vascular catheters be removed from all patients with candidaemia? An evidence-based review, Clin Infect Dis, 34, 591, 10.1086/338714 Raad, 2004, Management of central venous catheters in patients with cancer and candidaemia, Clin Infect Dis, 38, 1119, 10.1086/382874 SFAR, SPILF, SRLF, Société Française d’Hématologie, Société Française de Mycologie Médicale, Société Française de Greffe de Moelle. Management of invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis in adults. Rev Pneumol Clin 2004;60:289–93. Bohme, 2003, Treatment of fungal infections in hematology and oncology – guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO), Ann Hematol, 82, S133 Gavalda, 2003, Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 21, 498, 10.1016/S0213-005X(03)72995-4 Hospenthal, 2004, The role of antifungal susceptibility testing in the therapy of candidiasis, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 48, 153, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2003.10.003 Antoniadou, 2003, Candidaemia in a tertiary care cancer center: in vitro susceptibility and its association with outcome of initial antifungal therapy, Medicine (Baltimore), 82, 309, 10.1097/01.md.0000091182.93122.8e Baddley, 2004, Utility of real-time antifungal susceptibility testing for fluconazole in the treatment of candidaemia, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 50, 119, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.06.004 Lee, 2000, Clinical correlates of antifungal macrodilution susceptibility test results for non-AIDS patients with severe Candida infections treated with fluconazole, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 44, 2715, 10.1128/AAC.44.10.2715-2718.2000 Nguyen, 1998, Do in vitro susceptibility data predict the microbiologic response to amphotericin B? Results of a prospective study of patients with Candida fungemia, J Infect Dis, 177, 425, 10.1086/514193 Powderly, 1988, Amphotericin B-resistant yeast infection in severely immunocompromised patients, Am J Med, 84, 826, 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90059-9 Rex, 1995, Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates from a randomized, multicenter trial of fluconazole versus amphotericin B as treatment of nonneutropenic patients with candidaemia. NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the Candidaemia Study Group, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39, 40, 10.1128/AAC.39.1.40 Wenisch, 2001, Antifungal susceptibility testing of fluconazole by flow cytometry correlates with clinical outcome, J Clin Microbiol, 39, 2458, 10.1128/JCM.39.7.2458-2462.2001 Clancy, 2005, Fluconazole MIC and the fluconazole dose/MIC ratio correlate with therapeutic response among patients with candidaemia, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49, 3171, 10.1128/AAC.49.8.3171-3177.2005 Pfaller, 2006, Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against voriconazole: analysis and proposal for interpretive breakpoints, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 819, 10.1128/JCM.44.3.819-826.2006 Abbas, 2000, Candida krusei fungemia. An escalating serious infection in immunocompromised patients, Arch Intern Med, 160, 2659, 10.1001/archinte.160.17.2659 Bodey, 2002, The epidemiology of Candida glabrata and Candida albicans fungemia in immunocompromised patients with cancer, Am J Med, 112, 380, 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)01130-5 Safdar, 2001, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei fungemia after high-risk allogeneic marrow transplantation: no adverse effect of low-dose fluconazole prophylaxis on incidence and outcome, Bone Marrow Transplant, 28, 873, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703252 Bowden, 2002, A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion versus amphotericin B for treatment of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients, Clin Infect Dis, 35, 359, 10.1086/341401 Ellis, 1998, An EORTC international multicenter randomized trial (EORTC number 19923) comparing two dosages of liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of invasive aspergillosis, Clin Infect Dis, 27, 1406, 10.1086/515033 Cornely, 2005, Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AMB) as initial therapy for invasive filamentous fungal infections (IFFI): a randomized, prospective trial of a high loading regimen vs. standard dosing (AmBiLoad Trial), Blood, 106, 10.1182/blood.V106.11.3222.3222 Denning, 1998, An EORTC multicentre prospective survey of invasive aspergillosis in haematological patients: diagnosis and therapeutic outcome. EORTC Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group, J Infect, 37, 173, 10.1016/S0163-4453(98)80173-4 Denning, 1996, Therapeutic outcome in invasive aspergillosis, Clin Infect Dis, 23, 608, 10.1093/clinids/23.3.608 Lin, 2001, Aspergillosis case-fatality rate: systematic review of the literature, Clin Infect Dis, 32, 358, 10.1086/318483 Patterson, 2000, Invasive aspergillosis. Disease spectrum, treatment practices, and outcomes. I3 Aspergillus Study Group, Medicine (Baltimore), 79, 250, 10.1097/00005792-200007000-00006 Walsh, 2001, Safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in patients infected with Aspergillus species and other filamentous fungi: maximum tolerated dose study, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 45, 3487, 10.1128/AAC.45.12.3487-3496.2001 Cordonnier C, Bresnik M, Ebrahimi R. Liposomal amphotericin B efficacy in invasive filamentous fungal infections: Pooled analysis. In: Proceeding of the 44th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Washington (DC), October 30–November 2; 2004 [Abstract M-1022]. Wingard, 1997, Efficacy of amphotericin B lipid complex injection (ABLC) in bone marrow transplant recipients with life-threatening systemic mycoses, Bone Marrow Transplant, 19, 343, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700664 Walsh, 1998, Amphotericin B lipid complex for invasive fungal infections: analysis of safety and efficacy in 556 cases, Clin Infect Dis, 26, 1383, 10.1086/516353 Chandrasekar, 2005, Amphotericin B lipid complex in the management of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients, Clin Infect Dis, 40, S392, 10.1086/429333 Wingard, 2000, A randomized, double-blind comparative trial evaluating the safety of liposomal amphotericin B versus amphotericin B lipid complex in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia. L Amph/ABLC Collaborative Study Group, Clin Infect Dis, 31, 1155, 10.1086/317451 Denning, 1994, NIAID Mycoses study group multicenter trial of oral itraconazole therapy for invasive aspergillosis, Am J Med, 97, 135, 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90023-X Caillot, 2001, Intravenous itraconazole followed by oral itraconazole in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies, chronic granulomatous disease, or AIDS, Clin Infect Dis, 33, e83, 10.1086/323020 Denning, 2002, Efficacy and safety of voriconazole in the treatment of acute invasive aspergillosis, Clin Infect Dis, 34, 563, 10.1086/324620 Perfect, 2003, Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections, Clin Infect Dis, 36, 1122, 10.1086/374557 Schwartz, 2005, Improved outcome in central nervous system aspergillosis, using voriconazole treatment, Blood, 106, 2641, 10.1182/blood-2005-02-0733 Mouas, 2005, Voriconazole for invasive bone aspergillosis: a worldwide experience of 20 cases, Clin Infect Dis, 40, 1141, 10.1086/428734 Steinbach, 2004, Infections due to Aspergillus terreus: a multicenter retrospective analysis of 83 cases, Clin Infect Dis, 39, 192, 10.1086/421950 Walsh, 2003, Posaconazole for treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional therapy: an externally controlled blinded trial, Blood, 102, 195a Maertens, 2004, Efficacy and safety of caspofungin for treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients refractory to or intolerant of conventional antifungal therapy, Clin Infect Dis, 39, 1563, 10.1086/423381 Kartsonis, 2005, Salvage therapy with caspofungin for invasive aspergillosis: results from the caspofungin compassionate use study, J Infect, 50, 196, 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.05.011 Candoni, 2005, Caspofungin as first line therapy of pulmonary invasive fungal infections in 32 immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies, Eur J Haematol, 75, 227, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00500.x Mukherjee, 2005, Combination treatment of invasive fungal infections, Clin Microbiol Rev, 18, 163, 10.1128/CMR.18.1.163-194.2005 Aliff, 2003, Refractory aspergillus pneumonia in patients with acute leukaemia: successful therapy with combination caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin, Cancer, 97, 1025, 10.1002/cncr.11115 Kontoyiannis, 2003, Efficacy and toxicity of caspofungin in combination with liposomal amphotericin B as primary or salvage treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies, Cancer, 98, 292, 10.1002/cncr.11479 Maertens J, Glasmacher A, Herbrecht R et al. Multicenter, noncomparative study of caspofungin combined with other antifungals in adults with invasive aspergillosis refractory or intolerant to prior therapy: final results. In: Proceeding of the 45th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Washington (DC), December 16–19; 2005 [Abstract M-954]. Marr, 2004, Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis, Clin Infect Dis, 39, 797, 10.1086/423380 Mosquera, 2001, Susceptibility testing of Aspergillus flavus: inoculum dependence with itraconazole and lack of correlation between susceptibility to amphotericin B in vitro and outcome in vivo, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 45, 1456, 10.1128/AAC.45.5.1456-1462.2001 Johnson, 2000, Lack of correlation of in vitro amphotericin B susceptibility testing with outcome in a murine model of Aspergillus infection, J Antimicrob Chemother, 45, 85, 10.1093/jac/45.1.85 Odds, 1998, Evaluation of possible correlations between antifungal susceptibilities of filamentous fungi in vitro and antifungal treatment outcomes in animal infection models, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 42, 282, 10.1128/AAC.42.2.282 Denning, 1997, Correlation between in-vitro susceptibility testing to itraconazole and in-vivo outcome of Aspergillus fumigatus infection, J Antimicrob Chemother, 40, 401, 10.1093/jac/40.3.401 Lass-Florl, 1998, In-vitro testing of susceptibility to amphotericin B is a reliable predictor of clinical outcome in invasive aspergillosis, J Antimicrob Chemother, 42, 497, 10.1093/jac/42.4.497 Dannaoui, 2000, Amphotericin B resistance of Aspergillus terreus in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis, J Med Microbiol, 49, 601, 10.1099/0022-1317-49-7-601 Walsh, 2003, Experimental pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus terreus: pathogenesis and treatment of an emerging fungal pathogen resistant to amphotericin B, J Infect Dis, 188, 305, 10.1086/377210