Treatment-Resistant Depression Increases Health Costs and Resource Utilization

Angst J. Epidemiology of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1992; 106(Suppl):S71-74. Young, 2008, Persistent depression and anxiety in the United States: prevalence and quality of care, Psychiatr Serv., 59, 1391, 10.1176/ps.2008.59.12.1391 Vasiliadis, 2007, Do Canada and the United States differ in prevalence of depression and utilization of services?, Psychiatr Serv., 58, 63, 10.1176/ps.2007.58.1.63 Compton, 2006, Changes in the prevalence of major depression and comorbid substance use disorders in the United States between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002, Am J Psychiatry, 163, 2141, 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.12.2141 Kessler, 1994, Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States Results from the National Comorbidity Survey, Arch Gen Psychiatry., 51, 8, 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 Strine, 2008, Impact of depression and anxiety on quality of life, health behaviors, and asthma control among adults in the United States with asthma, 2006, J Asthma., 45, 123, 10.1080/02770900701840238 Berto, 2000, Depression: cost-of-illness studies in the international literature, a review, J Ment Health Policy Econ., 3, 3, 10.1002/1099-176X(200003)3:1<3::AID-MHP68>3.0.CO;2-H Greenberg, 1993, The economic burden of depression in 1990, J Clin Psychiatry., 54, 405 Greenberg, 2003, The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000?, J Clin Psychiatry., 64, 1465, 10.4088/JCP.v64n1211 Luppa, 2007, Cost-of-illness studies of depression: a systematic review, J Affect Disord., 98, 29, 10.1016/j.jad.2006.07.017 Sobocki, 2006, Cost of depression in Europe, J Ment Health Policy Econ., 9, 87 Greden, 2001, The burden of disease for treatment-resistant depression, J Clin Psychiatry., 62, 26 Cadieux, 1998, Practical management of treatment-resistant depression, Am Fam Physician., 58, 2059 Trivedi, 2006, STAR*D Study Team Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice, Am J Psychiatry., 163, 28, 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.28 Sackeim, 2001, The definition and meaning of treatment-resistant depression, J Clin Psychiatry., 62, 10 Amsterdam, 1996, Treatment algorithms in treatment-resistant depression, Psychiatr Clin North Am., 19, 371, 10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70293-8 Souery, 2006, Treatment-resistant depression, J Clin Psychiatry., 67, 16 Souery, 1999, Treatment resistant depression: methodological overview and operational criteria, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol., 9, 83, 10.1016/S0924-977X(98)00004-2 Corey-Lisle, 2002, Identification of a claims data “signature” and economic consequences for treatment-resistant depression, J Clin Psychiatry., 63, 717, 10.4088/JCP.v63n0810 Ivanova, 2010, Direct and indirect costs of employees with treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, Curr Med Res Opin., 26, 2475, 10.1185/03007995.2010.517716 Russell, 2004, The cost consequences of treatment-resistant depression, J Clin Psychiatry., 65, 341, 10.4088/JCP.v65n0309 Fosdick, 2010, The economic impact of depression: resistance or severity?, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol., 20, 671, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.06.001 Almeida-Filho, 1997, Brazilian multicentric study of psychiatric morbidity Methodological features and prevalence estimates, Br J Psychiatry., 171, 524, 10.1192/bjp.171.6.524 Andrade, 1999, Epidemiologia dos transtornos mentais em um area definida de captação da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Rev Psiq Clin., 26, 275 Chisholm, 2003, LIDO Group. Depression status, medical comorbidity and resource costs. Evidence from an international study of major depression in primary care (LIDO), Br J Psychiatry, 183, 121, 10.1192/bjp.183.2.121 Moreno, 2003, Evaluation of the PAHO/WHO training program on the detection and treatment of depression for primary care nurses in Panama, Acta Psychiatr Scand., 108, 61, 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00133.x Nemeroff, 1996, Augmentation strategies in patients with refractory depression, Depress Anxiety., 4, 169, 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1996)4:4<169::AID-DA3>3.0.CO;2-A Souery, 2007, Clinical factors associated with treatment resistance in major depressive disorder: results from a European multicenter study, J. Clin. Psychiatry., 68, 1062, 10.4088/JCP.v68n0713 Crown, 2002, The impact of treatment-resistant depression on health care utilization and costs, J Clin Psychiatry., 63, 963, 10.4088/JCP.v63n1102 Mitchell, 1997, Managing depression in a community setting, Med J Aust., 167, 383, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb125105.x Harman, 2007, Changes in health care use and costs after a break in Medicaid coverage among persons with depression, Psychiatr Serv., 58, 49, 10.1176/ps.2007.58.1.49 Simon, 2006, Recovery from depression predicts lower health services costs, J Clin Psychiatry., 67, 1226, 10.4088/JCP.v67n0808 Kalsekar, 2006, The effect of depression on health care utilization and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes, Manag Care Interface., 19, 39 Croghan, 1998, What does treatment of depression really cost?, Health Aff (Millwood)., 17, 198, 10.1377/hlthaff.17.4.198 Kowalski, 2001, Resource utilization and costs in osteoporosis, Rev Assoc Med Bras., 47, 352, 10.1590/S0104-42302001000400039 De Carvalho, 2000, Utilização de recursos e custos diretos da esquizofrenia para o setor público do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade Federal Paulista Chisholm, 2001, Longitudinal Investigation of Depression Outcomes (The LIDO Study) in primary care in six countries: comparative assessment of local health systems and resource utilization, Int. J. Methods Psychiatr Res., 10, 59, 10.1002/mpr.101 Simon, 1995, Health care costs of primary care patients with recognized depression, Arch Gen Psychiatry., 52, 850, 10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950220060012