Travellers as sentinels: Assaying the worldwide distribution of polymorphisms associated with artemisinin combination therapy resistance in Plasmodium falciparum using malaria cases imported into Scotland

Anderson, 2010, High heritability of malaria parasite clearance rate indicates a genetic basis for artemisinin resistance in western Cambodia, J. Infect. Dis., 201, 1326, 10.1086/651562 Bertaux, 2011, Quinine-resistant malaria in traveler returning from French Guiana, 2010, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 17, 943, 10.3201/eid1705.101424 Bwijo, 2003, High prevalence of quintuple mutant dhps/dhfr genes in Plasmodium falciparum infections seven years after introduction of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine as first line treatment in Malawi, Acta Trop., 85, 363, 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00264-4 Cheeseman, 2012, A major genome region underlying artemisinin resistance in malaria, Science, 336, 79, 10.1126/science.1215966 Cravo, 2001, Antimalarial drugs clear resistant parasites from partially immune hosts, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 2897, 10.1128/AAC.45.10.2897-2901.2001 Culleton, 2008, Failure to detect Plasmodium vivax in West and Central Africa by PCR species typing, Malar. J., 7, 174, 10.1186/1475-2875-7-174 Dondorp, 2009, Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, N. Engl. J. Med., 361, 455, 10.1056/NEJMoa0808859 Dondorp, 2010, Artemisinin resistance. Current status and scenarios for containment, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 8, 272, 10.1038/nrmicro2385 Fairhurst, 2012, Artemisinin-resistant malaria: research challenges, opportunities, and public health implications, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 87, 231, 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0025 Ferreira, 2013, Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: what is it really?, Trends Parasitol., 29, 318, 10.1016/j.pt.2013.05.002 Gharbi, M., Flegg, J.A., Hubert, V., Kendjo, E., Metcalf, J.E., Bertaux, L., Guerin, P.J., Le Bras, J., Aboubaca, A., Agnamey, P., Angoulvant, A., Barbut, P., Basset, D., Belkadi, G., Bellanger, A.P., Bemba, D., Benoit-Vica, F., Berry, A., Bigel, M.L., Bonhomme, J., Botterel, F., Bouchaud, O., Bougnoux, M.E., Bouree, P., Bourgeois, N., Branger, C., Bret, L., Buret, B., Casalino, E., Chevrier, S., Conquere de Monbrison, F., Cuisenier, B., Danis, M., Darde, M.L., De Gentile, L., Delarbre, J.M., Delaunay, P., Delaval, A., Desoubeaux, G., Develoux, M., Dunand, J., Durand, R., Eloy, O., Fauchet, N., Faugere, B., Faye, A., Fenneteau, O., Flori, P., Fontrouge, M., Garabedian, C., Gayandrieu, F., Godineau, N., Houze, P., Houze, S., Hurst, J.P., Ichou, H., Lachaud, L., Lebuisson, A., Lefevre, M., LeGuern, A.S., Le Moal, G., Lusina, D., Machouart, M.C., Malvy, D., Matheron, S., Maubon, D., Mechali, D., Megarbane, B., Menard, G., Millon, L., Aiach, M.M., Minodier, P., Morelle, C., Nevez, G., Parola, P., Parzy, D., Patey, O., Patoz, P., Penn, P., Perignon, A., Picot, S., Pilo, J.E., Poilane, I., Pons, D., Poupart, M., Pradines, B., Raffenot, D., Rapp, C., Receveur, M.C., Sarfati, C., Senghor, Y., Simon, F., Siriez, J.Y., Taudon, N., Thellier, M., Thouvenin, M., Toubas, D., 2013. Longitudinal study assessing the return of chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in isolates from travellers returning from West and Central Africa, 2000–2011. Malar. J. 12, 35. Humar, 1997, Parasight F test compared with the polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 56, 44, 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.44 Kobayashi, 2004, The effectiveness of impregnated bed net in malaria control in Laos, Acta Trop., 89, 299, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.10.009 Marma, 2010, High prevalence of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance alleles in Plasmodium falciparum parasites from Bangladesh, Parasitol. Int., 59, 178, 10.1016/j.parint.2010.01.003 Mita, 2007, Independent evolution of pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Melanesia, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51, 1071, 10.1128/AAC.01186-06 Mita, 2011, Limited geographical origin and global spread of sulfadoxine-resistant dhps alleles in Plasmodium falciparum populations, J. Infect. Dis., 204, 1980, 10.1093/infdis/jir664 Noedl, 2008, Evidence of artemisinin-resistant malaria in western Cambodia, N. Engl. J. Med., 359, 2619, 10.1056/NEJMc0805011 Petersen, 2011, Drug-resistant malaria: molecular mechanisms and implications for public health, FEBS Lett., 585, 1551, 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.042 Pradines, 2010, Quinine-resistant malaria in traveler returning from Senegal, 2007, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 16, 546, 10.3201/eid1603.091669 Roberts, 2013, Gametocyte carriage in Plasmodium falciparum-infected travellers, Malar. J., 12, 31, 10.1186/1475-2875-12-31 Sakihama, 2001, Limited recombination events in merozoite surface protein-1 alleles of Plasmodium falciparum on islands, Gene, 279, 41, 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00748-X Savini, 2008, First case of emergence of atovaquone-proguanil resistance in Plasmodium falciparum during treatment in a traveler in Comoros, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52, 2283, 10.1128/AAC.00282-08 Sakihama, 2007, Allelic diversity in the merozoite surface protein 1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum on Palawan Island, the Philippines, Parasitol Int., 56, 185, 10.1016/j.parint.2007.01.011 Seringe, 2011, Severe imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria, France, 1996–2003, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 17, 807, 10.3201/eid1705.101527 Shahinas, 2010, Artesunate misuse and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in traveler returning from Africa, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 16, 1608, 10.3201/eid1610.100427 Smith, 2008, Imported malaria and high risk groups: observational study using UK surveillance data 1987–2006, BMJ, 337, a120, 10.1136/bmj.a120 Snounou, 1996, Detection and identification of the four malaria parasite species infecting humans by PCR amplification, Methods Mol. Biol., 50, 263 Sutherland, 2009, Novel pfdhps haplotypes among imported cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the United Kingdom, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53, 3405, 10.1128/AAC.00024-09 Svenson, 1995, Diagnosis of malaria in the febrile traveler, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 53, 518, 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.518 Takala-Harrison, 2013, Genetic loci associated with delayed clearance of Plasmodium falciparum following artemisinin treatment in Southeast Asia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 240, 10.1073/pnas.1211205110 Unger, 2011, Imported malaria in Scotland–an overview of surveillance, reporting and trends, Travel Med. Infect. Dis., 9, 289, 10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.10.001