Transmission and Replication of Prions

Alba Marín-Moreno1, Natalia Fernández-Borges1, Juan C. Espinosa1, Olivier Andréoletti2, Juan M. Torres1
1Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
2UMR INRA-ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France

Tài liệu tham khảo

M’Fadyean, 1918, Scrapie, J Comp Pathol, 31, 102, 10.1016/S0368-1742(18)80015-7 Kimberlin, 1982, Scrapie agent: prions or virinos?, Nature, 297, 107, 10.1038/297107a0 Alper, 1966, The exceptionally small size of the scrapie agent, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 22, 278, 10.1016/0006-291X(66)90478-5 Prusiner, 1981, Scrapie agent contains a hydrophobic protein, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78, 6675, 10.1073/pnas.78.11.6675 Hunter, 1967, Further studies of the infectivity and stability of extracts and homogenates derived from scrapie affected mouse brains, J Comp Pathol, 77, 301, 10.1016/0021-9975(67)90039-4 Prusiner, 1980, Molecular properties, partial purification, and assay by incubation period measurements of the hamster scrapie agent, Biochemistry, 19, 4883, 10.1021/bi00562a028 Hunter, 1967, Attempts to release the scrapie agent from tissue debris, J Comp Pathol, 88, 301, 10.1016/0021-9975(67)90039-4 Prusiner, 1981, Thiocyanate and hydroxyl ions inactivate the scrapie agent, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78, 4606, 10.1073/pnas.78.7.4606 Prusiner, 1982, Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie, Science, 216, 136, 10.1126/science.6801762 Griffith, 1967, Self-replication and scrapie, Nature, 215, 1043, 10.1038/2151043a0 Prusiner, 1991, Molecular biology of prion diseases, Science, 252, 1515, 10.1126/science.1675487 Gielbert, 2009, High-resolution differentiation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy strains by quantitative n-terminal amino acid profiling (n-taap) of pk-digested abnormal prion protein, J Mass Spectrom, 44, 384, 10.1002/jms.1516 Prusiner, 1998, Prions, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, 13363, 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13363 Basler, 1986, Scrapie and cellular PrP isoforms are encoded by the same chromosomal gene, Cell, 46, 417, 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90662-8 Hope, 1986, The major polypeptide of scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF) has the same size, charge distribution and N-terminal protein sequence as predicted for the normal brain protein (PrP), EMBO J, 5, 2591, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04539.x Stahl, 1993, Structural studies of the scrapie prion protein using mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing, Biochemistry, 32, 1991, 10.1021/bi00059a016 Riek, 1997, NMR characterization of the full-length recombinant murine prion protein, mPrP (23−231), FEBS Lett, 413, 282, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00920-4 Knaus, 2001, Crystal structure of the human prion protein reveals a mechanism for oligomerization, Nat Struct Biol, 8, 770, 10.1038/nsb0901-770 Vázquez-Fernández, 2016, The structural architecture of an infectious mammalian prion using electron cryomicroscopy, PLoS Pathog, 8, 12 Requena, 2014, The structure of the infectious prion protein: experimental data and molecular models, Prion, 8, 60, 10.4161/pri.28368 Bueler, 1992, Normal development and behaviour of mice lacking the neuronal cell-surface PrP protein, Nature, 356, 577, 10.1038/356577a0 Bueler, 1993, Mice devoid of PrP are resistant to scrapie, Cell, 13, 1339, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90360-3 Borchelt, 1990, Scrapie and cellular prion proteins differ in their kinetics of synthesis and topology in cultured cells, J Cell Biol, 110, 743, 10.1083/jcb.110.3.743 Prusiner, 1990, Transgenetic studies implicate interactions between homologous PrP isoforms in scrapie prion replication, Cell, 63, 673, 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90134-Z Saa, 2006, Ultra-efficient replication of infectious prions by automated protein misfolding cyclic amplification, J Biol Chem, 281, 35245, 10.1074/jbc.M603964200 Deleault, 2005, Protease-resistant prion protein amplification reconstituted with partially purified substrates and synthetic polyanions, J Biol Chem, 280, 26873, 10.1074/jbc.M503973200 Atarashi, 2007, Ultrasensitive detection of scrapie prion protein using seeded conversion of recombinant prion protein, Nat Methods, 4, 645, 10.1038/nmeth1066 Wang, 2010, Generating a prion with bacterially expressed recombinant prion protein, Science, 327, 1132, 10.1126/science.1183748 Horiuchi, 1999, Specific binding of normal prion protein to the scrapie form via a localized domain initiates its conversion to the protease-resistant state, EMBO J, 18, 3193, 10.1093/emboj/18.12.3193 Chabry, 1999, Species-independent inhibition of abnormal prion protein (PrP) formation by a peptide containing a conserved PrP sequence, J Virol, 73, 6245, 10.1128/JVI.73.8.6245-6250.1999 Horiuchi, 2000, Interactions between heterologous forms of prion protein: binding, inhibition of conversion, and species barriers, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97, 5836, 10.1073/pnas.110523897 Race, 2001, Long-term subclinical carrier state precedes scrapie replication and adaptation in a resistant species: analogies to bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans, J Virol, 75, 10106, 10.1128/JVI.75.21.10106-10112.2001 Scott, 1989, Transgenic mice expressing hamster prion protein produce species-specific scrapie infectivity and amyloid plaques, Cell, 59, 847, 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90608-9 Caughey, 1991, The scrapie-associated form of PrP is made from a cell surface precursor that is both protease- and phospholipase-sensitive, J Biol Chem, 266, 18217, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55257-1 Bolton, 1987, Isolation and structural studies of the intact scrapie agent protein, Arch Biochem Biophys, 258, 579, 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90380-8 Lasmezas, 1997, Transmission of the BSE agent to mice in the absence of detectable abnormal prion protein, Science, 275, 402, 10.1126/science.275.5298.402 Barron, 2007, High titers of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy infectivity associated with extremely low levels of PrPSc in vivo, J Biol Chem, 282, 35878, 10.1074/jbc.M704329200 Dobie, 2013, Dissociation between transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) infectivity and proteinase K-resistant PrP(Sc) levels in peripheral tissue from a murine transgenic model of TSE disease, J Virol, 87, 5895, 10.1128/JVI.03469-12 Safar, 1998, Eight prion strains have PrP(Sc) molecules with different conformations, Nat Med, 4, 1157, 10.1038/2654 Safar, 2005, Diagnosis of human prion disease, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 102, 3501, 10.1073/pnas.0409651102 Pastrana, 2006, Isolation and characterization of a proteinase K-sensitive PrPSc fraction, Biochemistry, 45, 15710, 10.1021/bi0615442 Sajnani, 2012, PK-sensitive PrPSc is infectious and shares basic structural features with PK-resistant PrPSc, PLoS Pathog, 8, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002547 Kimberlin, 1979, Pathogenesis of mouse scrapie: dynamics of agent replication in spleen, spinal cord and brain after infection by different routes, J Comp Pathol, 89, 551, 10.1016/0021-9975(79)90046-X Kimberlin, 1986, Pathogenesis of scrapie (strain 263k) in hamsters infected intracerebrally, intraperitoneally or intraocularly, J Gen Virol, 67, 255, 10.1099/0022-1317-67-2-255 Czub, 1986, Pathogenesis of scrapie: study of the temporal development of clinical symptoms, of infectivity titers and scrapie-associated fibrils in brains of hamsters infected intraperitoneally, J Gen Virol, 67, 2005, 10.1099/0022-1317-67-9-2005 Sandberg, 2011, Prion propagation and toxicity in vivo occur in two distinct mechanistic phases, Nature, 470, 540, 10.1038/nature09768 Silveira, 2005, The most infectious prion protein particles, Nature, 437, 257, 10.1038/nature03989 Collinge, 2007, A general model of prion strains and their pathogenicity, Science, 318, 930, 10.1126/science.1138718 Cohen, 1994, Structural clues to prion replication, Science, 264, 530, 10.1126/science.7909169 Westaway, 1994, Degeneration of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves, and the central nervous system in transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type prion proteins, Cell, 16, 117, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90177-5 Westaway, 1994, Structure and polymorphism of the mouse prion protein gene, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 91, 6418, 10.1073/pnas.91.14.6418 Telling, 1995, Prion propagation in mice expressing human and chimeric PrP transgenes implicates the interaction of cellular PrP with another protein, Cell, 83, 79, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90236-8 Jarrett, 1993, Seeding “one-dimensional crystallization” of amyloid: a pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease and scrapie?, Cell, 13, 1055, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90635-4 Deleault, 2007, Formation of native prions from minimal components in vitro, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104, 9741, 10.1073/pnas.0702662104 Ma, 2012, The role of cofactors in prion propagation and infectivity, PLoS Pathog, 8, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002589 Scott, 2004 Wadsworth, 2004, Human prion protein with valine 129 prevents expression of variant CJD phenotype, Science, 306, 1793, 10.1126/science.1103932 Bruce, 1994, Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice: strain variation and the species barrier, Phil Trans R Soc Lond, 343, 405, 10.1098/rstb.1994.0036 Weissmann, 1991, A “unified theory” of prion propagation, Nature, 352, 679, 10.1038/352679a0 Pattison, 1961, Scrapie produced experimentally in goats with special reference to the clinical syndrome, J Comp Pathol, 71, 101, 10.1016/S0368-1742(61)80013-1 Fraser, 1973, Scrapie in mice. Agent-strain differences in the distribution and intensity of grey matter vacuolation, J Comp Pathol, 83, 29, 10.1016/0021-9975(73)90024-8 Peretz, 2002, A change in the conformation of prions accompanies the emergence of a new prion strain, Neuron, 34, 921, 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00726-2 Caughey, 1998, Strain-dependent differences in beta-sheet conformations of abnormal prion protein, J Biol Chem, 273, 32230, 10.1074/jbc.273.48.32230 Parchi, 1997, Typing prion isoforms, Nature, 386, 232, 10.1038/386232a0 Collinge, 1996, Molecular analysis of prion strain variation and the aetiology of “new variant” CJD, Nature, 383, 685, 10.1038/383685a0 Parchi, 1999, Classification of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease based on molecular and phenotypic analysis of 300 subjects, Ann Neurol, 46, 224, 10.1002/1531-8249(199908)46:2<224::AID-ANA12>3.0.CO;2-W Collinge, 2005, Molecular neurology of prion disease, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 76, 906, 10.1136/jnnp.2004.048660 Haley, 2015, Chronic wasting disease of cervids: current knowledge and future perspectives, Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 3, 305, 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111001 Benestad, 2016, First case of chronic wasting disease in Europe in a Norwegian free-ranging reindeer, Vet Res, 47, 88, 10.1186/s13567-016-0375-4 Angers, 2010, Prion strain mutation determined by prion protein conformational compatibility and primary structure, Science, 328, 1154, 10.1126/science.1187107 Aguilar-Calvo, 2015, Prion and prion-like diseases in animals, Virus Res, 207, 82, 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.026 Casalone, 2004, Identification of a second bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy: molecular similarities with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 3065, 10.1073/pnas.0305777101 Biacabe, 2004, Distinct molecular phenotypes in bovine prion diseases, EMBO Rep, 5, 110, 10.1038/sj.embor.7400054 Benestad, 2003, Cases of scrapie with unusual features in Norway and designation of a new type, Nor98, Vet Rec, 153, 202, 10.1136/vr.153.7.202 Pattison, 1968, Experiments with scrapie with special reference to the nature of the agent and the pathology of the disease, Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis, 44, 254 Bockman, 1987, Immunoblotting of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease prion proteins: host species-specific epitopes, Ann Neurol, 21, 589, 10.1002/ana.410210611 Bruce, 1997, Transmissions to mice indicate that ‘new variant' CJD is caused by the BSE agent, Nature, 389, 498, 10.1038/39057 Barria, 2011, Generation of a new form of human PrP(Sc) in vitro by interspecies transmission from cervid prions, J Biol Chem, 286, 7490, 10.1074/jbc.M110.198465 Bessen, 1992, Biochemical and physical properties of the prion protein from two strains of the transmissible mink encephalopathy agent, J Virol, 66, 2096, 10.1128/JVI.66.4.2096-2101.1992 Katorcha, 2014, Sialylation of prion protein controls the rate of prion amplification, the cross-species barrier, the ratio of PrPSc glycoform and prion infectivity, PLoS Pathog, 10, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004366 Wiseman, 2015, The glycosylation status of PrPC is a key factor in determining transmissible spongiform encephalopathy transmission between species, J Virol, 89, 4738, 10.1128/JVI.02296-14 Katorcha, 2016, Reversible off and on switching of prion infectivity via removing and reinstalling prion sialylation, Sci Rep, 6, 10.1038/srep33119 Crowell, 2015, Host determinants of prion strain diversity independent of prion protein genotype, J Virol, 89, 10427, 10.1128/JVI.01586-15 Espinosa, 2016, PrPC governs susceptibility to prion strains in bank vole, while other host factors modulate strain features, J Virol, 90, 10660, 10.1128/JVI.01592-16 Acín, 2013, Prion protein gene variability in spanish goats. Inference through susceptibility to classical scrapie strains and pathogenic distribution of peripheral prp(sc.), PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0061118 Aguilar-Calvo, 2014, Role of the goat K222-PrP(C) polymorphic variant in prion infection resistance, J Virol, 88, 2670, 10.1128/JVI.02074-13 Aguilar-Calvo, 2015, Effect of Q211 and K222 PRNP polymorphic variants in the susceptibility of goats to oral infection with goat bovine spongiform encephalopathy, J Infect Dis, 212, 664, 10.1093/infdis/jiv112 Aguilar-Calvo, 2016, Goat K222-PrPC polymorphic variant does not provide resistance to atypical scrapie in transgenic mice, Vet Res, 47, 96, 10.1186/s13567-016-0380-7 Ironside, 2012, Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: an update, Folia Neuropathol, 50, 50 Lloyd, 2011, Genetics of prion disease, Top Curr Chem, 305, 1, 10.1007/128_2011_157 Wells, 1987, A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, Vet Rec, 121, 419, 10.1136/vr.121.18.419 Will, 1996, A new variant of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in the UK, Lancet, 347, 921, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91412-9 Mok, 2017, Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in a patient with heterozygosity at PRNP codon 129, N Engl J Med, 376, 292, 10.1056/NEJMc1610003 Takeuchi, 2013, Characterization of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease prions in prion protein-humanized mice carrying distinct codon 129 genotypes, J Biol Chem, 288, 21659, 10.1074/jbc.M113.470328 Padilla, 2011, Sheep and goat BSE propagate more efficiently than cattle BSE in human PrP transgenic mice, PLoS Pathog, 7, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001319 Brown, 1990, The mRNA encoding the scrapie agent protein is present in a variety of non-neuronal cells, Acta Neuropathol, 80, 1, 10.1007/BF00294214 Kretzschmar, 1986, Scrapie prion proteins are synthesized in neurons, Am J Pathol, 122, 1 Bonda, 2016, Human prion diseases: surgical lessons learned from iatrogenic prion transmission, Neurosurg Focus, 41, E10, 10.3171/2016.5.FOCUS15126 Collinge, 2006, Kuru in the 21st century—an acquired human prion disease with very long incubation periods, Lancet, 367, 2068, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68930-7 Anderson, 1996, Transmission dynamics and epidemiology of BSE in British cattle, Nature, 382, 779, 10.1038/382779a0 Hilton, 2006, Pathogenesis and prevalence of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, J Pathol, 208, 134, 10.1002/path.1880 Marsh, 1992, Transmissible mink encephalopathy, Rev Sci Tech, 11, 539, 10.20506/rst.11.2.606 McBride, 2001, Early spread of scrapie from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system involves autonomic fibers of the splanchnic and vagus nerves, J Virol, 75, 9320, 10.1128/JVI.75.19.9320-9327.2001 Bons, 1999, Natural and experimental oral infection of nonhuman primates by bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, 4046, 10.1073/pnas.96.7.4046 Andréoletti, 2000, Early accumulation of PrP(Sc) in gut-associated lymphoid and nervous tissues of susceptible sheep from a Romanov flock with natural scrapie, J Gen Virol, 81, 3115, 10.1099/0022-1317-81-12-3115 Heppner, 2001, Transepithelial prion transport by M cells, Nat Med, 7, 976, 10.1038/nm0901-976 Neutra, 1996, Antigen sampling across epithelial barriers and induction of mucosal immune responses, Annu Rev Immunol, 14, 275, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.275 Donaldson, 2012, M cell-depletion blocks oral prion disease pathogenesis, Mucosal Immunol, 5, 216, 10.1038/mi.2011.68 Mishra, 2004, Protease-resistant human prion protein and ferritin are cotransported across Caco-2 epithelial cells: implications for species barrier in prion uptake from the intestine, J Neurosci, 24, 11280, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2864-04.2004 Morel, 2005, Bovine prion is endocytosed by human enterocytes via the 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor, Am J Pathol, 167, 1033, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)61192-3 Sigurdson, 2008, Bacterial colitis increases susceptibility to oral prion disease, J Infect Dis, 199, 243, 10.1086/595791 Mabbott, 2006, Prions and their lethal journey to the brain, Nat Rev Microbiol, 4, 201, 10.1038/nrmicro1346 Raymond, 2007, In vivo depletion of CD11c+ cells impairs scrapie agent neuroinvasion from the intestine, J Immunol, 179, 7758, 10.4049/jimmunol.179.11.7758 Fraser, 1982, Neuronal spread of scrapie agent and targeting of lesions within the retino-tectal pathway, Nature, 295, 149, 10.1038/295149a0 Scott, 1993, Conjunctival instillation of scrapie in mice can produce disease, Vet Microbiol, 34, 305, 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90055-C Kimberlin, 1978, Pathogenesis of mouse scrapie: effect of route of inoculation on infectivity titers and dose–response curves, J Comp Pathol, 88, 39, 10.1016/0021-9975(78)90059-2 Andréoletti, 2012, Highly efficient prion transmission by blood transfusion, PLoS Pathog, 8, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002782 Llewelyn, 2004, Possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease by blood transfusion, Lancet, 363, 417, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15486-X Gough, 2010, Prion transmission: prion excretion and occurrence in the environment, Prion, 4, 275, 10.4161/pri.4.4.13678 Press, 2004, Involvement of gut-associated lymphoid tissue of ruminants in the spread of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 56, 885, 10.1016/j.addr.2003.09.008 Buschmann, 2005, Highly bovine spongiform encephalopathy-sensitive transgenic mice confirm the essential restriction of infectivity to the nervous system in clinically diseased cattle, J Infect Dis, 192, 934, 10.1086/431602 Espinosa, 2007, Progression of prion infectivity in asymptomatic cattle after oral bovine spongiform encephalopathy challenge, J Gen Virol, 88, 1379, 10.1099/vir.0.82647-0 Lezmi, 2006, PrP(d) accumulation in organs of ARQ/ARQ sheep experimentally infected with BSE by peripheral routes, Acta Biochim Pol, 53, 399, 10.18388/abp.2006_3355