Biến đổi quản trị môi trường: các trí thức hành động quan trọng và thực tiễn của họ trong lĩnh vực này

Sustainability Science - Tập 17 - Trang 621-635 - 2022
Hemant Ojha1, Andrea J. Nightingale2,3, Noémi Gonda3, Benard Oula Muok4, Siri Eriksen5, Dil Khatri3,6, Dinesh Paudel7
1University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
2University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
3Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
4Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
5Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
6Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal
7Appalachian State University, Boone, USA

Tóm tắt

Trong thập kỷ qua, sự lo ngại rộng rãi đã nổi lên về cách thức quản trị môi trường có thể được biến đổi để tránh những thảm họa đang đến gần, chẳng hạn như biến đổi khí hậu, mất mát đa dạng sinh học và bất ổn trong sinh kế. Một loạt các phương pháp tiếp cận đã xuất hiện, tập trung vào chính trị, đột phá công nghệ, các phong trào xã hội, hoặc các quá trình kinh tế vĩ mô như là những động lực chính của sự thay đổi. Ngược lại, bài báo này trình bày những hiểu biết lý thuyết về cách mà sự thay đổi hệ thống trong quản trị môi trường có thể được kích thích bởi những diễn viên xã hội quan trọng và có cơ sở tri thức trong các bối cảnh phát triển môi trường cụ thể. Khái niệm hóa các diễn viên này như là trí thức hành động quan trọng (CAI), chúng tôi phân tích cách CAI xuất hiện trong các bối cảnh xã hội - môi trường cụ thể và đóng góp vào sự thay đổi hệ thống trong quản trị. CAI kích thích sự thay đổi biến đổi bằng cách dịch chuyển diễn ngôn chính sách, tạo ra bằng chứng thay thế, và thách thức các giả định chính sách chiếm ưu thế, trong khi nhắm tới việc trao quyền cho các nhóm bị thiệt thòi. Mặc dù CAI không hoạt động trong một khoảng chân không, cũng như không phải là lực lượng duy nhất trong sự biến đổi, nhưng chúng tôi vẫn cho thấy rằng thực tiễn của CAI trong các lĩnh vực quản trị môi trường có khả năng kích thích sự chuyển mình. Chúng tôi minh họa điều này thông qua ba trường hợp quản trị tài nguyên thiên nhiên ở Nepal, Nicaragua và Guatemala, cũng như Kenya, nơi chính các tác giả đã tham gia như CAI. Chúng tôi đóng góp vào lý thuyết về 'cách thức' của sự biến chuyển bằng cách chỉ ra cách mà thực tiễn của CAI định hình lại các lĩnh vực quản trị và xúc tác sự biến đổi, khác biệt và đôi khi bổ sung cho các động lực chiếm ưu thế khác như phong trào xã hội, các quá trình kinh tế vĩ mô hoặc đột phá công nghệ.

Từ khóa

#quản trị môi trường #trí thức hành động quan trọng #chuyển đổi hệ thống #chính sách môi trường #sinh kế

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