Siêu âm Doppler xuyên sọ và chụp mạch bằng vi tính trong chẩn đoán co thắt mạch máu não sau xuất huyết dưới nhện do phình mạch

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 46 - Trang 1-9 - 2022
Ayaz M. Khawaja1, Jack McNulty2,3, Unnati V. Thakur4, Shreya Chawla3,5, Sharmila Devi3,5, Aaron Liew6, Shervin Mirshahi7, Rose Du7, Rania A. Mekary3,4, William Gormley3,7
1Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
2Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
3Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
4School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, Boston, USA
5Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
6Portiuncula University Hospital and National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
7Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA

Tóm tắt

Co thắt mạch máu não là một biến chứng đe dọa tính mạng sau xuất huyết dưới nhện do phình mạch (aSAH). Mặc dù chụp mạch số hóa (DSA) là tiêu chuẩn vàng hiện tại để phát hiện, nhưng hiệu năng chẩn đoán của chụp mạch bằng vi tính (CTA) và siêu âm Doppler xuyên sọ (TCD) vẫn gây tranh cãi. Chúng tôi nhằm tóm tắt các bằng chứng hiện có và đưa ra khuyến nghị cho việc sử dụng chúng dựa trên tiêu chí GRADE. Một cuộc tìm kiếm tài liệu đã được thực hiện cho các nghiên cứu so sánh CTA hoặc TCD với DSA cho người lớn ≥ 18 tuổi có aSAH để phát hiện co thắt mạch máu qua hình ảnh. Mô hình ngẫu nhiên hiệu ứng DerSimonian–Laird được sử dụng để tổng hợp độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu cũng như khoảng tin cậy 95% (CI) và suy luận các tỷ lệ khả năng dương tính và âm tính tổng hợp (LR + / LR -). Trong số 2070 nghiên cứu, bảy nghiên cứu (1646 đoạn động mạch) đã đáp ứng tiêu chí bao gồm và được phân tích meta. So với tiêu chuẩn vàng (DSA), CTA có độ nhạy tổng hợp là 82% (95% CI, 68–91%) và độ đặc hiệu là 97% (95% CI, 93–98%), trong khi đó TCD có độ nhạy thấp hơn 38% (95% CI, 19–62%) và độ đặc hiệu đạt 91% (95% CI, 87–94%). Chỉ có LR + cho CTA (27,3) đạt được ý nghĩa lâm sàng để khẳng định chẩn đoán. LR − cho CTA (0,19) và TCD (0,68) gần đạt ý nghĩa lâm sàng (< 0,1) để bác bỏ chẩn đoán. CTA cho thấy LR + cao hơn và LR - thấp hơn so với TCD trong việc chẩn đoán co thắt mạch máu qua hình ảnh, dẫn đến việc đạt được khuyến nghị mạnh cho việc sử dụng nó trong việc xác nhận hoặc loại trừ co thắt mạch máu, dựa trên chất lượng bằng chứng cao. TCD có LR + rất thấp và LR − ở mức hợp lý thấp, qua đó đạt được khuyến nghị yếu chống lại việc sử dụng trong việc khẳng định co thắt mạch máu và khuyến nghị yếu cho việc sử dụng trong việc loại trừ co thắt mạch máu.

Từ khóa

#co thắt mạch máu não #xuất huyết dưới nhện #chụp mạch số hóa #chụp mạch bằng vi tính #siêu âm Doppler xuyên sọ #chẩn đoán trong y học

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