Transcarpathian oblast and Kaliningrad oblast: Contrasts and cooperation in the east borderlands of the European Union
Tóm tắt
The ethnocultural, historical and socioeconomic factors of cross-border cooperation in the eastern borderlands of the European Union are analyzed with a case study of two regions: Kaliningrad oblast of Russia and Transcarpathian oblast of Ukraine. They have a number of similar geographical and historical features: both regions are eastern parts of the European Union periphery and the western periphery of the postSoviet space; they are isolated from the main territory of the state, and their state affiliation and administrative boundaries have repeatedly changed until recently. The article assesses the demographic and socioeconomic indicators, analyzes cross-border gradients on the studied borderlands and the practice of cross-border activities, and assesses the impact of the border on the everyday life of the population. It was revealed that the main drivers of cross-border cooperation in the studied borderlands are the benefits of using differences in prices for goods and services in different countries, and the ethnocultural closeness of the ethnic groups living on the both sides of the border. It was found that, despite the different approaches of Russia and Ukraine to the integration model, their western regions face similar difficulties and challenges of cross-border cooperation. The essential problem is the asymmetric nature of cooperation, both due to the significant socioeconomic gradients and different levels of development of civil society and the political institutions, the priorities of which are determined by the European Union.
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