Training to Enhance Walking in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Are We Missing the Window of Opportunity?

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology - Tập 20 - Trang 106-115 - 2013
Jaynie F. Yang1,2, Donna Livingstone1, Kelly Brunton1, Dasom Kim1, Barbara Lopetinsky3, Francois Roy4,2, Ephrem Zewdie5, Susan K. Patrick1, John Andersen6,3, Adam Kirton7,8, Joe-Man Watt6,3, Jerome Yager6, Monica Gorassini2
1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
2Center for Neurosciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
3Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
4Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
5Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
6Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
7Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
8Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Tài liệu tham khảo

Rosenbaum, 2007, A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006, Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl, 109, 8 Hutton, 2002, Effects of cognitive, motor, and sensory disabilities on survival in cerebral palsy, Arch Dis Child, 86, 84, 10.1136/adc.86.2.84 O'Neil, 2006, Physical therapy clinical management recommendations for children with cerebral palsy–spastic diplegia: achieving functional mobility outcomes, Pediatr Phys Ther, 18, 49, 10.1097/01.pep.0000202099.01653.a9 Narayanan, 2012, Management of children with ambulatory cerebral palsy: an evidence-based review, J Pediatr Orthop, 32, S172, 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31825eb2a6 Horstmann, 2009, Orthopaedic issues in the musculoskeletal care of adults with cerebral palsy, Dev Med Child Neurol, 51, 99, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03417.x Murphy, 2009, Cerebral palsy lifetime care—four musculoskeletal conditions, Dev Med Child Neurol, 51, 30, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03431.x Martin, 2000, Impairments in prehension produced by early postnatal sensory motor cortex activity blockade, J Neurophysiol, 83, 895, 10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.895 Salimi, 2008, Pyramidal tract stimulation restores normal corticospinal tract connections and visuomotor skill after early postnatal motor cortex activity blockade, J Neurosci, 28, 7426, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1078-08.2008 Friel, 2012, Using motor behavior during an early critical period to restore skilled limb movement after damage to the corticospinal system during development, J Neurosci, 32, 9265, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1198-12.2012 Zwicker, 2010, Effectiveness of treadmill training in children with motor impairments: an overview of systematic reviews, Pediatr Phys Ther, 22, 361, 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181f92e54 Russell, 2002 Oeffinger, 2008, Outcome tools used for ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: responsiveness and minimum clinically important differences, Dev Med Child Neurol, 50, 918, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03150.x Phillips, 2007, Ankle dorsiflexion fMRI in children with cerebral palsy undergoing intensive body-weight-supported treadmill training: a pilot study, Dev Med Child Neurol, 49, 39, 10.1017/S0012162207000102.x Rossignol, 2006, Dynamic sensorimotor interactions in locomotion, Physiol Rev, 86, 89, 10.1152/physrev.00028.2005 Minassian, 2007, Human lumbar cord circuitries can be activated by extrinsic tonic input to generate locomotor-like activity, Hum Mov Sci, 26, 275, 10.1016/j.humov.2007.01.005 Kudo, 1998, Reorganization of locomotor activity during development in the prenatal rat, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 860, 306, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09058.x Smith, 1988, Neural mechanisms generating locomotion studied in mammalian brain stem-spinal cord in vitro, FASEB J, 2, 2283, 10.1096/fasebj.2.7.2450802 de Vries, 1982, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Qualitative aspects, Early Hum Dev, 7, 301, 10.1016/0378-3782(82)90033-0 Andre-Thomas, 1966 Richardson, 1982, Myelination in the human central nervous system, 146 Yang, 1998, Infant stepping: a method to study the sensory control of human walking, J Physiol, 507, 927, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.927bs.x Lam, 2003, Stumbling corrective responses during treadmill-elicited stepping in human infants, J Physiol, 553, 319, 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.043984 Pang, 2003, Infants adapt their stepping to repeated trip-inducing stimuli, J Neurophysiol, 90, 2731, 10.1152/jn.00407.2003 Petersen, 2001, Suppression of EMG activity by transcranial magnetic stimulation in human subjects during walking, J Physiol, 537, 651, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00651.x Thomas, 2005, Increases in corticospinal tract function by treadmill training after incomplete spinal cord injury, J Neurophysiol, 94, 2844, 10.1152/jn.00532.2005 Norton, 2006, Changes in cortically related intermuscular coherence accompanying improvements in locomotor skills in incomplete spinal cord injury, J Neurophysiol, 95, 2580, 10.1152/jn.01289.2005 Yakovlev, 1967 Schwab, 1988, Oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin are nonpermissive substrates for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading in vitro, J Neurosci, 8, 2381, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-07-02381.1988 Gonzenbach, 2008, Disinhibition of neurite growth to repair the injured adult CNS: focusing on Nogo, Cell Mol Life Sci, 65, 161, 10.1007/s00018-007-7170-3 Altman, 2001 Eyre, 2000, Functional corticospinal projections are established prenatally in the human foetus permitting involvement in the development of spinal motor centres, Brain, 123, 51, 10.1093/brain/123.1.51 Martin, 2005, The corticospinal system: from development to motor control, Neuroscientist, 11, 161, 10.1177/1073858404270843 Eyre, 2007, Corticospinal tract development and its plasticity after perinatal injury, Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 31, 1136, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.05.011 Richards, 1997, Early and intensive treadmill locomotor training for young children with cerebral palsy: a feasibility study, Pediatr Phys Ther, 9, 158, 10.1097/00001577-199700940-00002 Schindl, 2000, Treadmill training with partial body weight support in nonambulatory patients with cerebral palsy, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 81, 301, 10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90075-3 Begnoche, 2007, Effects of traditional treatment and partial body weight treadmill training on the motor skills of children with spastic cerebral palsy. A pilot study, Pediatr Phys Ther, 19, 11, 10.1097/01.pep.0000250023.06672.b6 Cherng, 2007, Effect of treadmill training with body weight support on gait and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy, Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 86, 548, 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31806dc302 Dodd, 2007, Partial body-weight-supported treadmill training can improve walking in children with cerebral palsy: a clinical controlled trial, Dev Med Child Neurol, 49, 101, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00101.x Meyer-Heim, 2007, Feasibility of robotic-assisted locomotor training in children with central gait impairment, Dev Med Child Neurol, 49, 900, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00900.x Mattern-Baxter, 2009, Effects of intensive locomotor treadmill training on young children with cerebral palsy, Pediatr Phys Ther, 21, 308, 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181bf53d9 Willoughby, 2010, Efficacy of partial body weight-supported treadmill training compared with overground walking practice for children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 91, 333, 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.10.029 Himmelmann, 2010, The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. X. Prevalence and origin in the birth-year period 1999-2002, Acta Paediatr, 99, 1337, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01819.x Himmelmann, 2011, Risk factors for cerebral palsy in children born at term, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 90, 1070, 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01217.x Kirton, 2008, Presumed perinatal ischemic stroke: vascular classification predicts outcomes, Ann Neurol, 63, 436, 10.1002/ana.21334 Russell, 2009, Development and validation of item sets to improve efficiency of administration of the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure in children with cerebral palsy, Dev Med Child Neurol, 52, e48, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03481.x Choi, 2009, Walking flexibility after hemispherectomy: split-belt treadmill adaptation and feedback control, Brain, 132, 722, 10.1093/brain/awn333 Reisman, 2007, Locomotor adaptation on a split-belt treadmill can improve walking symmetry post-stroke, Brain, 130, 1861, 10.1093/brain/awm035 O'Sullivan, 1991, Radiation of phasic stretch reflex in biceps brachii to muscles of the arm in man and its restriction during development, J Physiol, 439, 529, 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018680 O'Sullivan, 1998, Abnormal development of biceps brachii phasic stretch reflex and persistence of short latency heteronymous reflexes from biceps to triceps brachii in spastic cerebral palsy, Brain, 121, 2381, 10.1093/brain/121.12.2381 Myklebust, 1990, A review of myotatic reflexes and the development of motor control and gait in infants and children: a special communication, Phys Ther, 70, 188, 10.1093/ptj/70.3.188 Berger, 1982, Pathophysiology of gait in children with cerebral palsy, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 53, 538, 10.1016/0013-4694(82)90066-9 Cohen, 1988 Ulrich, 2001, Treadmill training of infants with Down syndrome: evidence-based developmental outcomes, Pediatrics, 108, E84, 10.1542/peds.108.5.e84 Wu, 2007, Exploring effects of different treadmill interventions on walking onset and gait patterns in infants with Down syndrome, Dev Med Child Neurol, 49, 839, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00839.x Ulrich, 2008, Effects of intensity of treadmill training on developmental outcomes and stepping in infants with Down syndrome: a randomized trial, Phys Ther, 88, 114, 10.2522/ptj.20070139 Angulo-Barroso, 2008, Physical activity in infants with Down syndrome receiving a treadmill intervention, Infant Behav Dev, 31, 255, 10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.10.003