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Quản lý vườn cây ăn trái truyền thống ở Tây Carpathians (Slovakia): sự phát triển giữa 1955 và 2015
Tóm tắt
Sự thay đổi trong chế độ quản lý trong vài thập kỷ qua đã góp phần đáng kể vào các mối đe dọa đối với các hệ thống nông nghiệp truyền thống châu Âu, nhưng vấn đề này chưa được nghiên cứu đầy đủ. Bài báo này xem xét những thay đổi này thông qua việc xem xét hệ thống agroforestry của các vườn cây ăn trái truyền thống trong khu vực định cư Myjava-White Carpathian (Slovakia) trong giai đoạn 1955 đến 2015. Dữ liệu về việc quản lý vườn đã được thu thập thông qua các cuộc phỏng vấn có cấu trúc với 116 cư dân địa phương vào năm 2015 – 2016. Thông tin được tìm kiếm về các thực hành quản lý trong các năm sau: 1955, khi việc tập thể hóa chỉ mới bắt đầu và các thực hành truyền thống chiếm ưu thế; 1975, khi việc tập thể hóa đã hoàn thành; 1990, khi giai đoạn xã hội chủ nghĩa đã kết thúc; 2000, sau những thay đổi xã hội - chính trị tiếp theo; và 2015, phản ánh trạng thái hiện tại. Quản lý vườn cây truyền thống bao gồm cắt cỏ, chăn thả, cày bừa, bón phân và thu nhặt lá rụng. Việc quản lý đã có sự thay đổi ở 75.8% số vườn được nghiên cứu trong giai đoạn 1955 đến 2015. Những thay đổi này đặc biệt bao gồm sự thay đổi về tần suất cắt cỏ, sự suy giảm nghiêm trọng trong việc chăn thả, và việc ngừng cày bừa. Đồng thời, việc phủ lớp mulching cho tầng dưới đã xuất hiện như một thực hành mới vào năm 1990 và đã trở nên phổ biến hơn kể từ thời điểm đó. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi xác nhận rằng nguy cơ tuyệt chủng ngày càng gia tăng của các môi trường sống có giá trị này, mà việc quản lý của chúng bị ảnh hưởng bởi những thay đổi kinh tế - xã hội.
Từ khóa
#vườn cây ăn trái truyền thống #Tây Carpathians #Slovakia #quản lý nông nghiệp #tập thể hóa #thay đổi xã hội-kinh tế #môi trường sốngTài liệu tham khảo
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