Traditional cassava-based foods: Survey of processing techniques
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Adriaens, E. L. 1951. Recherches sur l’alimentation des populations au Kwango. Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 42: 475–552.
—, and F. Lozet. 1951. Contribution à l’étude des boissons fermentées indigènes au Ruanda. Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 42: 931–950.
Affran, D. K. 1968. Cassava and its economic importance. Ghana Farmer 12: 172–178.
—, A. S. Cook, and R. A. Holgate. 1966. The manufacture of gari from cassava. pp. 633–644.In First Int. Cong. Food Sci. Techn. London. 1962. Proc. Vol. 4. Gordon and Breach, New York.
Alba, G. H. de. 1963. The highland tribes of Southern Colombia, pp. 915–960.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. 2. Cooper Square, New York.
Alberto, J. 1958. A mandioca III Sues derivados, prepares e usos. Gaz. Agric. Angola 3: 128–131.
Anantharaman, S. C. 1976. Tapioca has rich food and export potential. Planters’ Chron. 71: 104–105.
Anasanwo, S. A. 1942. The importance of cassava as a food. Farm Forest. 3: 184–187.
Anderson, G. W. 1944. Notes on cassava preparation in North Kavirondo and Samia. E. African Agric. J. 10: 111–112.
Angladette, M. A. 1949. La situation et l’avenir de la production du manioc dans les territoires d’outre-mer de l’Union Française. pp. 63–68.In Proc. Cong. du Manioc et des Plantes Esculentes Tropicales des Territoires de L’Union Française. Inst. Colon., MarScille.
Ankrah, E. K. 1972. Riboflavin content of some fermented foods of Ghana. Ghana J. Agric. Sci. 5: 95–98.
Anonymous. 1919. The preparation of “gaplek.” Agric. Bull. Straits Fed. Malay States 7: 370–371.
Anonymous. 1933. Cassava or manioc. Proc. Agric. Soc. Trin. Tob. 33: 114–118.
Anonymous. 1939. The cultivation and uses of cassava. Farming S. Africa 14: 404–405.
Anonymous. 1941. Notes on preparation of “gaplek” from cassava (tapioca) roots. New Guinea Agric. Gaz. 7: 38.
Anonymous. 1952. Tapioca Enquiry Committee, Trivandrum. Final Rep. 29. Gov. Travancore-Cochin, India.
Anonymous. 1971a. Aspectos industrias da mandioca no Nordeste. Banco do Nordeste do Brasil Sociedad Anónima, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
Anonymous. 1971b. Sago. pp. 272–276.In The Wealth of India. Industrial Products. Pt. 7. Council Scientific and Industrial Research, India.
Anonymous. 1972. Intermediate technology. What is it? Second Development Decade Topics no. 4. Intermediate Techn. Developm. Group, London.
Anonymous. 1977. Cassava: export potential and market requirement. Int. Trade Centre, U.N. Conf. Trade Developm./Gen. Agreement Tariffs Trade, Geneva.
Ansorge, W. J. 1899. Under the African Sun. Heinemann, London.
Asenjo, E. F., R. M. Torres, D. Fernandez, and G. V. de Urrutia. 1952. Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in some raw and cooked Puerto Rican starchy foods. Food Res. 17: 132–135.
Balu, V., and H. A. B. Parpia. 1958. Tapioca macaroni goes to the people. Extension Serv. Bull. no. 1., Central Food Technol. Res. Inst., Mysore.
Banks, L. 1962. Background information on mechanised gari production as an aid to equipment manufacturers in development work. Tech. Memo no. 12 (restricted). Food Inst. Ind. Res., Fed. Minist. Comm. Ind., Nigeria.
Bassett, I. G., and K. W. Thomson. 1968. Land use and agrarian change on Aitutaki, Cook Islands. S. Pacific Commiss. Quart. Bull. 18: 25–26.
Bennett, W. C. 1963. Household furniture. pp. 21–27.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians 5. Cooper Square, New York.
Berre, S. le, G. Gallon, and B. Tabi. 1968. Teneur en vitamine dans les tubercules et le plantain du Cameroun avant et apràs cuisson. Ann. Nutr. Alim. 23: 31–45.
Bigwood, E. J., and E. L. Adriaens. 1954. Amino acid content of cassava meal. pp. 243–248.In Malnutrition in African Mothers, Infants and Young Children. Rep. Second Inter-African Conference on Nutrition. 1952. HMSO, London.
Booth, R. H., and D. W. Wholey. 1978. Cassava processing in South East Asia. pp. 7–11.In E. J. Weber, J. H. Cock and A. Chouinard, ed. Cassava Harvesting and Processing. Proc. Workshop, Centro Int. Agric. Trop., Cali, Colombia, 1978. Int. Developm. Res. Centre, Ottawa, IDRC-114e.
Brand, D. D. 1943. Tapioca from a Brazilian root. Agriculture in the Americas, USDA. 3: 93–96.
Brautlecht, C. A. 1953. Starch. Its Sources, Production and Uses. Rheinhold, New York.
Bruijn, G. H. de. 1973. The cyanogenic character of cassava(Manihot esculenta). pp. 43–48.In B. Nestel and R. MacIntyre, ed. Chronic Cassava Toxicity. Proc. Inter-disciplinary Workshop, London, 1973. Int. Developm. Res. Centre, Ottawa. IDRC-010e.
Castillo, L. S. 1974. The cassava industry of the Philippines. pp. 63–71.In E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel and M. Campbell, ed. Cassava Processing and Storage. Proc. Inter-disciplinary Workshop, Pattaya, Thailand, 1974. Int. Developm. Res. Centre. Ottawa. IDRC-013e.
Cedillo, V. G. 1952. Cassava rice or landang. Philipp. Agric. 35: 434–440.
Chakrabandhu, M. C. 1974. Welcoming address. p. 11.In E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, ed. Cassava Processing and Storage. Proc. Inter-disciplinary Workshop, Pattaya, Thailand, 1974. Int. Developm. Res. Centre. Ottawa. IDRC-013e.
Childs, A. H. B. 1961. Cassava. Bull. no. 15. Dept. Agric., Minist. Agric., Tanganyika.
Clerk, G. C., and M. Caurie. 1968. Biochemical changes caused by someAspergillus species in root tuber of cassava (Manihot escalenta Crantz). Trop. Sci. 10: 149–154.
Close, J., E. L. Adriaens, S. Moore, and E. J. Bigwood. 1953. Composition en acides amines d’hydrolysats de farine de manioc roui variété Amere. Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. 35: 985–992.
Collier, H. C. 1942. East goes west in cassava. Proc. Agric. Soc. Trin. Tobago 42: 55–61.
Collins, G. N. 1911. Dumboy, the national dish of Liberia. Natl. Geogr. Mag. 22: 84–88.
Cooke, R. D. 1978. An enzymatic assay for total cyanide content of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). J. Sci. Food Agric. 29: 345–352.
—. 1979. Enzymatic assay for determining the cyanide content of cassava and cassava products. Ser. 05E-6, Centro Int. Agric. Trop., Cali, Colombia.
—, and D. G. Coursey. 1981. Cassava: a major cyanide-containing food crop. p. 95–115.In E. E. Conn, E. J. Knowles, B. Vennesland, E. Westley, and F. Wissing, ed. Cyanide Metabolism. Academic Press, London and New York.
—, and E. N. Maduagwu. 1978. The effects of simple processing on the cyanide content of cassava chips. J. Food Techn. 13: 299–306.
Cooper, J. M. 1963. Stimulants and narcotics. pp. 525–558.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. 5. Cooper Square, New York.
Cours, G., and J. Fritz. 1961. Le manioc. Bull. Madagascar 11: 203–224.
Coursey, C. K. 1973. Private communication.
Coursey, D. G. 1973. Cassava as food: toxicity and technology. pp. 27–36.In B. Nestel and R. MacIntyre, ed. Chronic Cassava Toxicity. Proc. Inter-disciplinary Workshop, London 1973. Int. Developm. Res. Centre, Ottawa. IDRC-010e.
—. 1976. The status of root crops: a cultural-historical perspective. J. Root Crops 2: 1–9.
—. 1978. Some ideological considerations relating to tropical root crop production. pp. 131–141.In E. H. Fisk, ed. The Adaptation of Traditional Agriculture. Developm. Stud. Centre. Monog. no. 11. Australian Nat. Univ., Canberra.
Cruz, E. T. de la. 1970. Root and tuber crops of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. pp. 77–86.In Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Tomorrow. Proc. Second Int. Symp. Trop. Root and Tuber Crops, Honolulu, 1970. 2. Coll. Trop. Agric. Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu.
Dias, M. 1962. Preparacã da farinha de mandioca torrada (farinha dos musseques). Garcia de Orto 10: 57–76 (Trop. Abstr. 1963. 18: 843).
Doku, E. V. 1969. Cassava in Ghana. Ghana Univ. Press, Accra.
Dole, G. E. 1956. Techniques of preparing manioc flour as a key to culture history in tropical America. pp. 241–248.In A. F. Wallace, ed. Men and Cultures. Selected Papers of Fifth Int. Cong. Anthropol. Ethnol. Sci. Oxford Univ. Press, London.
Dovlo, F. E. 1973. Cassava as food in Ghana. Home Scientist, Ghana 2: 9–15.
Ekandem, M. J. 1961. Preparation of cassava in the human diet of Nigeria. Fed. Dep. Agric. Res., Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. Unpub.
Ermans, A. M., N. M. Mbulamoko, F. Delange, and R. Ahluwalia, ed. 1980. Role of cassava in the etiology of endemic goitre and cretinism. Int. Developm. Res. Centre, Ottawa. IDRC-136e.
FAO. 1979. 1978 FAO Production Yearbook 32. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome.
Favier, J. C., S. Chevassus-Agnes, and G. Gallon. 1971. La technologie traditionelle du manioc au Cameroun: influence sur la valeur nutritive. Ann. Nutr. Alim. 25: 1–59.
Francois, E. 1938. Le manioc: Sa production et son utilisation. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 18: 533–537.
Gillin, J. 1963. Tribes of the Guianas. pp. 799–860.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. 3. Cooper Square, New York.
Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey, W., and H. S. Bundu. 1979. Cassava production in Sierra Leone. World Crops 31: 188–192.
Goldman, I. 1963. Tribes of the Uapes-Caqueta region. pp. 763–798.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. 3. Cooper Square, New York.
Gondwe, A. T. D. 1974. Studies on the hydrocyanic acid contents of some local varieties of cassava (Manihot escalenta Crantz) and some traditional cassava food products. E. African Agric. Forest J. 40: 161–167.
Goode, P. M. 1974. Some local vegetables and fruits of Uganda. Dept. Agric., Uganda.
Grant, J. A. 1863. Appendix G. p. 647.In J. H. Speke, ed. Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile. Blackwood, London.
Greenstreet, V. R., and J. Lambourne. 1933. Tapioca in Malaya. Gen. Ser. no. 13, Dept. Agric., Straits Settlements and Fed. Malay States.
Hagen, V. W. von. 1949. The bitter cassava eaters. Nat. Hist. 58: 120–124.
—. 1974. The Golden Man—the Quest for El Dorado. Heath, Saxon House, Farnborough, Hants, England.
Hanson, A. P. 1939. Notes on cassava. J. Jamaica Agric. Soc. 43: 602–603.
Haudricourt, A. G., and L. Hedin. 1943. L’homme et les plantes cultivées. Libraire Gallimaud, Paris.
Haynes, P. H. 1975. Root crop production and use in Fiji. Techn. Pap. no. 174: 44–50. S. Pacific Commiss. Noumea, New Caledonia.
Hedin, L. 1929. En culture du manioc au Cameroun. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 9: 311–314.
Hegarty, P. V. J., and G. R. Wadsworth. 1968. The amount of iron in processed cassava (Manihot utilissima). J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71: 51–52.
Hiranandani, G. J., and K. H. Advani. 1955. Report on the marketing of tapioca in India. Mark. Ser. no. 88. Directorate Mark. Inspect., Minist. Food Agric., India.
Holleman, L. W. J., and A. Aten. 1956. Processing of cassava and cassava products in rural industries. Agric. Developm. Pap. no. 54, FAO, Rome.
Ingram, J. S. 1975. Standards, specifications and quality requirements for processed cassava products. Rep. G102, Trop. Prod. Inst., London.
—, and J. R. O. Humphries. 1972. Cassava storage—a review. Trop. Sci. 14: 131–148.
Irvine, F. R. 1969. West African Agriculture. 2. West African Crops. 3rd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, London.
Jones, W. O. 1959. Manioc in Africa. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA.
Joseph, A. 1973. Influence de la technologie traditionelle du manioc sur les teneurs en éléments minéraux et en phosphore phytique. Ann. Nutr. Alim. 27: 127–139.
Kawano, K. 1976. Private communication.
Kerr, A. J. 1941. Cassava. E. African Agric. J. 7: 75–76.
Ketiku, A. O., I. O. Akinyele, O. O. Keshinro, and O. O. Akinnawo. 1978. Changes in hydrocyanic acid concentration during traditional processing of cassava into ‘gari’ and ‘lafun.’ Food Chem. 3: 221–228.
Krochmal, A. 1966. Tapioca plant of the pre-historic Indians. Arya Swapatra 2: 9–10.
Langlands, W. 1966. Cassava in Uganda, 1860-1920. Uganda J. 30: 211–218.
Lartey, B. L. 1970. A prototype cassava grater for use in Ghana, based on studies of existing graters. Ghana J. Agric. Sci. 3: 53–59.
Lathrap, D. W. 1973. The antiquity and importance of long distance trade relationships in the moist tropics of pre-Columbian South America. World Archaeol. 5: 170–186.
Lecointe, P. 1922. La culture et la préparation du manioc en Amazonie. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 2: 331–337.
Leitão, M. A. 1971. A mandioca na culinaria africana. Gaz. Agric. Mocamb. 23: 69–74.
Leloussey, J. 1970. L’industrialisation des produits agricoles tropicaux en Côte d’Ivoire. Indust. Alim. Agric. 87: 721–723.
Levi-Strauss, C. 1963a. The Tupi-Cawahib. pp. 299–305.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians 3. Cooper Square, New York.
—. 1963b. The tribes of the upper Xingu river. pp. 321–348.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians 3. Cooper Square, New York.
—. 1963c. The Nambicuara. pp. 361–369.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. Cooper Square, New York.
Lima, U. de A. 1967. Sobre farinha de mandioca. Suppl. Agric. Brazil 13: 12.
Lipkind, W. 1963. The Caraja. pp. 179–191.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. 3. Cooper Square, New York.
Lowie, R. H. 1963. The tropical forests: an introduction. pp. 1–56.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians 3. Cooper Square, New York.
Marassi, A. 1968. La manioca in Costa d’Avorio e la sua importanza negli ordinamenti produttivi del paese. Riv. Agric. Subtrop. Trop. 62: 201–227.
Martin, F. 1951. La manioc dans la France d’outre-mer. Rev. Int. Prod. Colon. 26: 45–47, 231–233.
Massai, E., and U. J. Barrau. 1955. Pacific subsistence crops. Cassava. S. Pacific Commiss. Quart. Bull. 5: 15–18.
Merrick, J. E. 1975. Status of root crops in American Samoa. Tech. Pap. No. 174: 122–124. S. Pacific Commiss., Noumea, New Caledonia.
Metraux, A. 1963a. The Tupinamba. pp. 95–133.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians 3. Cooper Square, New York.
—. 1963b. Tupian tribes of the Upper Amazon river. pp. 687–712.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. 3. Cooper Square, New York.
—. 1963c. Tribes of eastern Bolivia and the Madeira headwaters. pp. 381–454.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians 3. Cooper Square, New York.
—. 1963d. The Guarani. pp. 69–94.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. 3. Cooper Square, New York.
—. 1963e. Tribes of Jurua-Purus basins. pp. 657–686.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians 3. Cooper Square, New York.
Montaldo, A. 1979. La yuca o mandioca. Inst. Interamer. Cienc. Agric., San Jose, Costa Rica.
Montgomery, R. D. 1969. Cyanogens. pp. 143–157.In I. E. Liener, ed. Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs. Academic Press, London and New York.
Moran, E. F. 1976. Manioc deserves more recognition in tropical farming. World Crops 28: 184–188.
Myers, J. G. 1938. Annual report, pt II. Dep. Agric. Forest, Sudan.
Nartey, F. 1978.Manihot esculenta (cassava). Cyanogenesis, Ultrastructure and Seed Germination. Munksgaard, Copenhagen.
Ngaba, P. R., and J. S. Lee. 1979. Fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). J. Food Sci. 44: 1570–1571.
Ngoddy, P. O. 1980. The industrial manufacture of gari from cassava 1974–1979. Paper presented at Agricultural Univ., Wageningen.
Nimuendaju, C. 1963. Tribes of the lower and middle Xingu river. pp. 213–243.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians 3. Cooper Square, New York.
Nordenskiold, E. 1919. An ethnogeographical analysis of the material culture of two Indian tribes in the Gran Chaco. Comparative Ethnograph. Stud. 1: 81–84.
O’Connor, A. M. 1968. Staple products: cassava. Geogr. Mag. 40: 1444–1447.
Oke, O. L. 1965. Chemical studies on some Nigerian foodstuffs—“lafun.” W. African Biol. Appl. Chem. 8: 53–56.
—. 1966a. Chemical studies on some Nigerian foodstuffs—kpokpogari (processed cassava). Trop. Sci. 8: 23–27.
O’Neale, L. M. 1963. Basketry. pp. 69–96.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. Cooper Square, New York.
Osuntokun, B. O. 1972. Chronic cyanide neurotoxicity and neuropathy in Nigerians. Pl. Food Human Nutr. 2: 215–266.
Oyenuga, V. A. 1968. Nigeria’s Foods and Feeding Stuffs. Their Chemistry and Nutritive Value. 3rd ed. Ibadan Univ. Press, Nigeria.
Pereira, A. S., and G. M. Pinto. 1962. Determinacao da toxicidade da mandioca pelo paladar das raizes ‘in natura.’ Bragantia 21: 145–150.
Phillips, P. G., and W. S. S. Ladell. 1959. Nitrogen balance in Nigerians. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62: 181–194.
Phillips, T. P. 1974. Cassava utilization and potential markets. Int. Developm. Res. Centre, Ottawa. IDRC-020e.
Purseglove, J. W. 1968. Tropical Crops. Dicotyledons. Longmans, Green, London.
Rao, H. A. G. 1951. Cultivation of cassava and preparation of its products. Mysore Agric. J. 27: 57–69.
Rao, N. S. 1951. A short note on tapioca. Mysore Agric. J. 27: 70–73.
Rawnsley, J. 1969. Crop storage. Tech. Rep. No. 1. FAO Food Res. Developm. Unit Accra, Ghana.
Raymond, W. D., W. Jujo, and Z. Nicodemus. 1941. The nutritive value of some Tanganyika foods. II Cassava. E. African Agric. J. 6: 154–159.
Renvoize, B. S. 1972. The area of origin ofManihot esculenta as a crop plant—a review of the evidence. Econ. Bot. 26: 352–360.
Reynvaan, J. 1954. Cassave produkten. Landbouwnieuws, Surinam 4–7.
—, and L. Vos. 1954. Cassave produkten. De Surinaamese Landbouw. 2: 202–208.
Rogers, D. J. 1963. Studies ofManihot esculenta Crantz and related species. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 90: 43–54.
Rogers, D. J.. 1965. Some botanical and ethnological considerations ofManihot esculenta. Econ. Bot. 19: 369–377.
Rogers, D. J., and H. S. Fleming. 1973. A monograph ofManihot esculenta—with an explanation of the taximetric methods used. Econ. Bot. 27: 1–113.
Rouse, I. 1963. The Carib. pp. 547–565.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. 4. Cooper Square, New York.
Sauer, C. O. 1963. Cultivated plants of South and Central America. pp. 487–543.In J. H. Steward, ed. Handbook of South American Indians. Cooper Square, New York.
Schmidt, C. B. 1958. Laboura caicara. Documentario da Vida Rural no. 14, Servicio de Inform. Agric., Minist. Agric., Brazil.
Schwerin, K. H. 1971. The bitter and the sweet. Some implications of techniques for preparing manioc. Paper, Annual Meeting, Amer. Anthropol. Assoc., New York.
Sinha, S. K., and T. V. R. Nair. 1968. Studies on the variability of cyanogenic glucoside content in cassava tubers. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 38: 958–963.
Splittstoesser, W. E., F. W. Martin, and A. M. Rhodes. 1973. The nutritional value of some tropical root crops. Proc. Trop. Reg. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 17: 290–294.
Sreeramamurthy, V. V. 1945. Investigations on the nutritive value of tapioca (Manihot utilissima). Indian J. Med. Res. 3: 229–238.
Stanton, W. R., and A. J. Wallbridge. 1969. Fermented food processes. Process Biochem. 4: 45–51.
Steward, J. H., ed. 1963. Handbook of South American Indians. 7 vol. Cooper Square, New York. (First published 1946–1959 by U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C.)
Sturtevant, W. C. 1969. History and ethnography of some West Indian starches. pp. 177–199.In P. J. Ucko and G. W. Dimbleby, ed. The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals. Duckworth, London.
Subrahmanyan, V. 1951. A note on the production of soji, sago and flour from tapioca in Mysore. Mysore Agric. J. 27: 74–77.
—, M. Narayana-Rao, and M. Swaminathan. 1959. Sago. Sci. and Cult. 25: 343–348.
Tallantire, A. G., and P. M. Goode. 1975. A preliminary study of the food plants of the West Nile and Madi districts of Uganda. The utilization of leaves and fruits of local mainly indigenous plants in supplementing the staple foods. E. African Agric. Forest. J. 40: 233–255.
Tastevin, R. P. C. 1954. Preparation et utilisation du manioc dans la région du moyen Amazone et de ses affluents. Ethnographie 53–59.
Tedder, M. M. 1973. Staple diets in the British Solomon Islands. South Pacific Quart. Bull. 23: 15–19.
Terra, C. J. A. 1964. The significance of leaf vegetables, especially of cassava, in tropical nutrition. Trop. Geogr. Med. 16: 97–108.
Thaman, R. R. 1975. The nature and importance of Tongan root crop production. Tech. Pap. no. 174: 83–89. S. Pacific Commiss., Noumea, New Caledonia.
Thanh, N. C. 1974. Technology of cassava chips and pellets processing in Thailand. pp. 113–122.In E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel and M. Campbell, ed. Cassava Processing and Storage. Proc. Interdisciplinary Workshop, Pattaya, Thailand. 1974. Int. Developm. Res. Centre, Ottawa. IDRC-031e.
Tharin. 1915. L’agriculture indigène dans la Province orientale du Congo Belge. Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 6: 147–213.
Thornton, D. S. 1973. Cassava processing. pp. 84–85.In Agriculture in South East Ghana I. Summary Rep. Developm. Stud. no. 12. Ghana.
Velcich, G. 1963. Bantu know secrets of cassava. Bantu 10: 492–497.
Velez Boza, F., and J. Baumgartner. 1962. Estudio general, clinico y nutricional en tribus indigenas del Territorio Federal Amazonas de Venezuela. Archos. Venez. Nutr. 12: 144–224.
Vignoli, L., and B. Cristau. 1950. Produit alimentaire préparé à partir du manioc. Analogies et différences avec la tapioca. Cah. Colon. (Ser. Nouv.) 8: 303–308.
Vries, C. A. de, J. D. Ferwerda, and M. Flach. 1967. Choice of food crops in relation to actual and potential production in the tropics. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 15: 241–248.
Watson, J. D. 1976. Ascorbic acid content of plant foods in Ghana and the effects of cooking and storage on vitamin content. Ecol. Food Nutr. 4: 207–213.
—. 1979. Riboflavin content of selected plant foods in Ghana. Ghana J. Agric. Sci. 9: 71–73.
Whitby, P. 1968. Foods in Ghana. Res. Bull. no. 1. Food Res. Inst., Ghana.
-. 1972. Cassava. pp. 25–54.In Zambia Foods and Cooking. National Food and Nutrition Programme, undertaken by UN Developm. Prog. and Gov. Zambia.
Wood, T. 1965. The cyanogenic glycoside content of cassava and cassava products. J. Sci. Food Agric. 16: 300–305.
Yen, D. E. 1973. Anutan agriculture. pp. 112–149.In D. E. Yen and J. Gordon, ed. Anuta: A Polynesian Outlier in the Solomon Islands. Pacific Anthropol. Records, Honolulu.
—. 1978. The storage of cassava in Polynesian Islands. Cassava Newsletter 3: 9–11.