Traditional and Novel Dietary Interventions for Preventing Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

Lewis, 2001, Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes, N Engl J Med, 345, 851, 10.1056/NEJMoa011303 Levey, 1996, Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of advanced renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study, Am J Kidney Dis, 27, 652, 10.1016/S0272-6386(96)90099-2 King, 1993, Dietary protein and renal function, J Am Soc Nephrol, 3, 1723, 10.1681/ASN.V3111723 Klahr, 1994, The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group, N Engl J Med, 330, 877, 10.1056/NEJM199403313301301 Chauveau, 2007, Restricted protein diet is associated with decrease in proteinuria: consequences on the progression of renal failure, J Ren Nutr, 17, 250, 10.1053/j.jrn.2007.02.007 Fouque, 2009, Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non diabetic adults, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD001892 Menon, 2009, Effect of a very low-protein diet on outcomes: long-term follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study, Am J Kidney Dis, 53, 208, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.08.009 Schwarz, 2006, Association of disorders in mineral metabolism with progression of chronic kidney disease, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 1, 825, 10.2215/CJN.02101205 Kovesdy, 2010, Outcomes associated with serum phosphorus level in males with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease, Clin Nephrol, 73, 268, 10.5414/CNP73268 Kovesdy, 2010, Outcomes associated with phosphorus binders in men with non-dialysis-dependent CKD, Am J Kidney Dis, 56, 842, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.06.011 Barsotti, 1983, Restricted phosphorus and nitrogen intake to slow the progression of chronic renal failure: a controlled trial, Kidney Int Suppl, 16, S278 Motojima, 1991, Role for "uremic toxin" in the progressive loss of intact nephrons in chronic renal failure, Kidney Int, 40, 461, 10.1038/ki.1991.233 Niwa, 1994, Indoxyl sulfate, a circulating uremic toxin, stimulates the progression of glomerular sclerosis, J Lab Clin Med, 124, 96 Schulman, 2006, A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of AST-120 (Kremezin) in patients with moderate to severe CKD, Am J Kidney Dis, 47, 565, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.12.036 Koide, 1987, Clinical evaluation of AST-120 on suppression of progression of chronic renal failure. Multi-center, double blind study in comparison with placebo, Clin Eval, 15, 527 Konishi, 2008, AST-120 (Kremezin) initiated in early stage chronic kidney disease stunts the progression of renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic subjects, Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 81, 310, 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.04.024 Nakamura, 2004, Oral ADSORBENT AST-120 decreases carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in patients with chronic renal failure, Kidney Blood Press Res, 27, 121, 10.1159/000077536 Niwa, 1997, The protein metabolite hypothesis, a model for the progression of renal failure: an oral adsorbent lowers indoxyl sulfate levels in undialyzed uremic patients, Kidney Int Suppl, 62, S23 Owada, 1996, Effects of oral adsorbent AST-120 concurrent with a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure, Am J Nephrol, 16, 124, 10.1159/000168983 Shoji, 2007, Prospective randomized study evaluating the efficacy of the spherical adsorptive carbon AST-120 in chronic kidney disease patients with moderate decrease in renal function, Nephron Clin Pract, 105, c99, 10.1159/000097985 Yorioka, 2002, Dose-dependent effect of an oral adsorbent, AST-120, in patients with early chronic renal failure, J Int Med Res, 30, 467, 10.1177/147323000203000501 Akizawa, 2009, Effect of a carbonaceous oral adsorbent on the progression of CKD: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, Am J Kidney Dis, 54, 459, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.05.011 Outcome of global phase III (EPPIC) studies. Available at: http://www.mt-pharma.co.jp/e/release/nr/2012/pdf/eMTPC121010_K.pdf. Accessed on March 8, 2013. Kovesdy, 2007, Serum and dialysate potassium concentrations and survival in hemodialysis patients, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2, 999, 10.2215/CJN.04451206 Hayes, 2012, Association of hypo- and hyperkalemia with disease progression and mortality in males with chronic kidney disease: the role of race, Nephron Clin Pract, 120, c8, 10.1159/000329511 Conn, 1956, Kaliopenic nephropathy, Am J Clin Nutr, 4, 523, 10.1093/ajcn/4.5.523 Cremer, 1977, Symptoms and course of chronic hypokalemic nephropathy in man, Clin Nephrol, 7, 112 Elger, 1992, Morphometric analysis of kidney hypertrophy in rats after chronic potassium depletion, Am J Physiol, 262, F656 Riemenschneider, 1983, Morphologic aspects of low-potassium and low-sodium nephropathy, Clin Nephrol, 19, 271 Torres, 1990, Association of hypokalemia, aldosteronism, and renal cysts, N Engl J Med, 322, 345, 10.1056/NEJM199002083220601 Menahem, 1999, Hypokalaemia-induced acute renal failure, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 14, 2216, 10.1093/ndt/14.9.2216 Epstein, 1980, Signs and symptoms of electrolyte disorders, 499 Fisch, 1982, Electrolytes and the heart, 1599 Kleeman, 1980, Serum electrolytes and the heart, 145 Coresh, 2007, Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States, JAMA, 298, 2038, 10.1001/jama.298.17.2038 Zhang, 2012, Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: a cross-sectional survey, Lancet, 379, 815, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60033-6 Kovesdy, 2012, Enter the dragon: a Chinese epidemic of chronic kidney disease?, Lancet, 379, 783, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60115-9