Trading-Off Transit and Non-Transit Physical Activity among Older People: Evidence from Longitudinal Accelerometer Data of a Natural Experiment Study

Journal of Urban Health - Tập 100 - Trang 408-417 - 2023
Eun Yeong Choe1, Dongsheng He1, Guibo Sun1
1Urban Analytics and Interventions Research Lab, Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Tóm tắt

This study used a natural experiment of a new metro line in Hong Kong to examine trade-offs between transit-related and non-transit-related physical activity (PA) among 104 older people (aged ≥ 65 years) based on longitudinal accelerometer data that distinguished transit-related and non-transit-related PA. Difference-in-difference (DID) analysis compared PA changes between treatment and control groups. We found that new metro stations have trade-off effects between transit and non-transit PA. After opening metro stations, transit-related PA increased by 12 min per day on average, but non-transit-related PA decreased by 18 min per day. In addition, the proportion of time spent in transit-related PA increased by 6%. The results suggested that new metro stations could generate transit-related PA, but it might shift from non-transit-related PA among older people. Our findings revealed trade-off effects of public transit interventions and have significant implications for transport and healthy ageing studies.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Freeland AL, Banerjee SN, Dannenberg AL, Wendel AM. Walking associated with public transit: moving toward increased physical activity in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(3):536–42. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300912. MacDonald JM, Stokes RJ, Cohen DA, Kofner A, Ridgeway GK. The effect of light rail transit on body mass index and physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2010;39(2):105–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.016. Chang A, Miranda-Moreno L, Cao J, Welle B. The effect of BRT implementation and streetscape redesign on physical activity: a case study of Mexico City. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2017;100:337–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.04.032. Craig P, Cooper C, Gunnell D, et al. Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions: new medical research council guidance. J Epidemiol Community Health (1978). 2012;66(12):1182–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200375. Sun G, Choe EY, Webster C. Natural experiments in healthy cities research: how can urban planning and design knowledge reinforce the causal inference? Town Planning Review. Published online 2022:1–33. Craig P, Katikireddi V, Leyland A, Popham F. Natural experiments: an overview of methods, approaches, and contributions to public health intervention research. Published online. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth. Panter J, Heinen E, Mackett R, Ogilvie D. Impact of new transport infrastructure on walking, cycling, and physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2016;50(2):e45–53. Miller HJ, Tribby CP, Brown BB, et al. Public transit generates new physical activity: evidence from individual GPS and accelerometer data before and after light rail construction in a neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Health Place. 2015;36:8–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.08.005. Hong A, Boarnet MG, Houston D. New light rail transit and active travel: a longitudinal study. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2016;92:131–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.07.005. Sun G, Zhao J, Webster C, Lin H. New metro system and active travel: a natural experiment. Environ Int. 2020;138:105605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105605. Hirsch JA, DeVries DN, Brauer M, Frank LD, Winters M. Impact of new rapid transit on physical activity: a meta-analysis. Prev Med Rep. 2018;10(January):184–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.03.008. Xiao C, Goryakin Y, Cecchini M. Physical activity levels and new public transit: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2019;56(3):464–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10.022. Huang R, Moudon AV, Zhou C, Stewart OT, Saelens BE. Light rail leads to more walking around station areas. J Transp Health. 2017;6:201–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.02.002. Saelens BE, Moudon AV, Kang B, Hurvitz PM, Zhou C. Relation between higher physical activity and public transit use. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(5):854–9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301696. Christian TJ. Trade-offs between commuting time and health-related activities. J Urban Health. 2012;89(5):746–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-012-9678-6. Laverty AA, Webb E, Vamos EP, Millett C. Associations of increases in public transport use with physical activity and adiposity in older adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2018;15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0660-x Sun G, Webster C, Zhang X. Connecting the city: a three-dimensional pedestrian network of Hong Kong. Environ Plan B Urban Anal City Sci. 2021;48(1):60–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808319847204. Szeto WY, Yang L, Wong RCP, Li YC, Wong SC. Spatio-temporal travel characteristics of the elderly in an ageing society. Travel Behav Soc. 2017;9:10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2017.07.005. Sun G, Du Y, Ni MY, Zhao J, Webster C. Metro and elderly health in Hong Kong: protocol for a natural experiment study in a high-density city. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043983. Lohne-Seiler H, Hansen BH, Kolle E, Anderssen SA. Accelerometer-determined physical activity and self-reported health in a population of older adults (65–85 years): a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-284. Aadland E, Ylvisåker E. Reliability of the actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer in adults under free-living conditions. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134606. Trost SG, Mciver KL, Pate RR. Conducting accelerometer-based activity assessments in field-based research. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(11 SUPPL.):531–43. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000185657.86065.98. Cerin E, van Dyck D, Zhang CJP, van Cauwenberg J, Lai PC, Barnett A. Urban environments and objectively-assessed physical activity and sedentary time in older Belgian and Chinese community dwellers: potential pathways of influence and the moderating role of physical function. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00979-8. Saelens BE, Moudon AV, Kang B, Hurvitz PM, Zhou C. Relation between higher physical activity and public transit use. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(5):854–9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301696. Barnett A, van den Hoek D, Barnett D, Cerin E. Measuring moderate-intensity walking in older adults using the ActiGraph accelerometer. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0380-5. Zhao J, Sun G, Webster C. Walkability scoring: why and how a three-demensional pedestrian network matters? Environ Plan B Urban Anal City Sci. Published online 2020:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808320977871 Sun G, Webster C, Ni MY, Zhang X. Measuring high-density built environment for public health research: uncertainty with respect to data, indicator design and spatial scale. Geospat Health. 2018;13(1):35–47. https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2018.653. Wing C, Simon K, Bello-Gomez RA. Designing difference in difference studies: best practices for public health policy research. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;39:453–69. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013507. Craig P, Cooper C, Gunnell D, et al. 2012 Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions: new medical research council guidance. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1978;66(12):1182–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200375. Dunning T. Natural experiments in the social sciences: a design-based approach. Cambridge University Press; 2012. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139084444. Hirsch JA, DeVries DN, Brauer M, Frank LD, Winters M. Impact of new rapid transit on physical activity: a meta-analysis. Prev Med Rep. 2018;10(January):184–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.03.008. Gomersall SR, Rowlands AV, English C, Maher C, Olds TS. The activitystat hypothesis. Sports Med. 2013;43(2):135–49. Rowland TW. The biological basis of physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(3):392–9. Brondeel R, Wasfi R, Perchoux C, et al. Is older adults’ physical activity during transport compensated during other activities? Comparing 4 study cohorts using GPS and accelerometer data. J Transp Health. 2019;12:229–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.02.006. Melanson EL. The effect of exercise on non-exercise physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults. Obes Rev. 2017;18:40–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12507. He D, Sun G, de Vos J, Webster C. The effects of metro interventions on physical activity and walking among older adults: a natural experiment in Hong Kong. Health Place. 2022;78:102939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102939. Cerin E, Barnett A, Cheung M-C, Sit CHP, Macfarlane DJ, Chan W-M. Reliability and validity of the IPAQ-L in a sample of Hong Kong Urban older adults: does neighborhood of residence matter? J Aging Phys Act. 2012;20(4):402–20. Choe EY, Du Y, Sun G. Decline in older adults’ daily mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of individual and built environment factors. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14780-8