Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Iranian women and risk factors of the disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tóm tắt
Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular obligatory parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, and it has global distribution. The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iranian pregnant women, and girls and women of childbearing age, and identify potentially preventable risk factors. Between November 2014 and February 2017, nine electronic databases that reported data on the T. gondii seroprevalence in Iranian women were searched. Our search resulted in 83 reports published from 1994 to 2017. The results showed that the pooled estimation for the prevalence of T. gondii using a random-effect model was 43% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 38–48%) in pregnant women and 33% (95% CI = 23–43%) in girls and the childbearing age groups. There was a significant association between the T. gondii seroprevalence with age and the gestational age of conception in pregnant women and those who had contact with cats in both groups. This is the first comprehensive systematic review of T. gondii infection seroprevalence in Iranian women, which showed a high prevalence of Toxoplasma infection. Around 57% of pregnant women and 67% of girls and the childbearing age groups were seronegative and thus were susceptible to infection and should be monitored.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Flegr J, Prandota J, Sovičková M, et al. Toxoplasmosis—a global threat. Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries. Plos One. 2014;9(3):e90203. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5(12):763 – 74.
Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30:1217–58.
El Deeba HK, Salah Eldin H, Khodeerc S, et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in antenatal population in Menoufia, governorate Egypt. Acta Trop. 2012;124:185–91.
Flegr J, Preiss M, Klose J, et al. Decreased level of psychobiological factor novelty seeking and lower intelligence in men latently infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii dopamine, a missing link between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis? Biol Psychol. 2003;63:253–68.
Torgerson PR, Mastroiacovo P. The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91:501–8.
Kirby T. Calls for more detailed studies on toxoplasmosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(12):912–3.
Goebel WS, Conway JH, Faught P, et al. Disseminated toxoplasmosis resulting in graft failure in a cord blood stem cell transplant recipient. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48:222–6.
Editorial. Toxoplasma gondii: an unknown quantity. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(10):737.
Daryani A, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop. 2014;137:185–94.
Borna S, Shariat M, Fallahi M, et al. Prevalence of immunity to toxoplasmosis among Iranian childbearing age women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Reprod Med. 2013;11(11):861–8.
Montoya JG, Boothroyd JC, Kovaks JA. Toxoplasma gondii. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p. 3495–526.
Sakikawa M, Noda S, Hanaoka M, et al. Anti-Toxoplasma antibody prevalence, primary infection rate, and risk factors in a study of toxoplasmosis in 4,466 pregnant women in Japan. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012;19(3):365–7.
Minkoff H, Remington JS, Holman S, et al. Vertical transmission of Toxoplasma by human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(3):555–9.
Lindström I, Kaddu M, Kironde F, et al. Prevalence of latent and reactivated Toxoplasma gondii parasites in HIV-patients from Uganda. Acta Trop. 2006;100:218–22.
Sarvi S, Daryani A, Rahimi MT, et al. Cattle toxoplasmosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2015;8:120–6.
Ahmadpour E, Daryani A, Sharif M, et al. Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(12):1503–10.
Meerburg BG, Kijlstra A. Changing climate-changing pathogens: Toxoplasma gondii in North-Western Europe. Parasitol Res. 2009;105:17–24.
Song KJ, Shin JC, Shin HJ, et al. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Korean pregnant women. Korean J Parasitol. 2005;43:69–71.
Buchy P, Follezou JY, Lien TX, et al. Serological study of toxoplasmosis in Vietnam in a population of drug users (Ho Chi Minh city) and pregnant women (NhaTrang). Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2003;96:46–7.
Rai SK, Shibata H, Sumi K, et al. Toxoplasma antibody prevalence in Nepalese pregnant women and women with bad obstetric history. SE Asian J Trop Med Public Health Med. 1998;29:739–43.
Ertug S, Okyay P, Turkmen M, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Aydin province, Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2005;5(1):1–6.
Faisal IA, Khan AU, Waqar M, et al. Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the pregnant women of district Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. World Appl Sci J. 2014;29(1):77–9.
Yentur DN, Simsek Z, Gurses G, et al. Prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in female farm workers of southeastern Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015;9(01):087–93.
Galvan Ramirez MDLL, Troyo R, Roman S, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the Mexican population. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:271.
Sharif M, Sarvi S, Shokri A, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection among sheep and goats in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Res. 2015;114:1–16.
Lopes FMR, Mitsuka Bregano R, Gonçalves DD, et al. Factors associated with seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant women of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009;104(2):378–82.
Sroka S, Bartelheimer N, Winter A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83(3):528–33.
Hill D, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002;8:634–40.
Gelaye W, Kebede T, Hailu A. High prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies and absence of Toxoplasma gondii infection risk factors among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in two hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;34:41–5.
Dubey JP, Jones JL. Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38:1257–78.
Hung CS, Su HW, Lee Y, et al. Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and toxoplasmosis risk factors among pregnant women in Taipei City, Taiwan. Japanese J Infect Dis. 2015;68(4):312–17.
Nimiri L, Pelloux H, Elkhatib L. Detection of Toxolasma gondii and specific antibodies in high-risk pregnant women. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(6):831–5.
Ayi I, Odoi-Kpoti Sowah A, Awusah Blay E, Suzuki T, Ohta N, Ayeh-Kumi PF. Toxoplasma gondii infections among pregnant women, children and HIV-seropositive persons in Accra, Ghana. Trop Med Health. 2016;44:17.
Montaya JG, Remington JS. Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clin Pract. 2008;47:554–66.
Elsheikha HM. Congenital toxoplasmosis: priorities for further health promotion action. Public Health. 2008;122:335–53.
Moghazy EI, Kandil FM, Shaapan RM. Toxoplasma gondii comparison of some erological tests for antibody detection in sera and naturally infected pigs. World Zool. 2011;6:204–8.
Sharif M, Daryani A, Barzegar G, Nasrolahei M. A seroepidemiological survey for toxoplasmosis among schoolchildren of Sari, Northern Iran. Trop Biomed. 2010;27:220–5.
Foroutan-Rad M, Khademvatan S, Majidiani H, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop. 2016;158:160–9.