Toxoplasma y toxoplasmosis

EMC - Pediatría - Tập 35 - Trang 1-12 - 2000
B. Fortier1, A. Dao1
1Service de parasitologie et de mycologie, centre hospitalier universitaire, S4511 Vandosuvre-lès-Nancy, France

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ancelle, 1996, La toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte en France en 1995. Résultats d'une enquétenationale, Bull Épidémiol Hebd, 51, 227 Antinori, 1997, Diagnosis of AIDS-related focal brain lesions: a decision-making analysis based on clinical and neurologic characteristics combined with polymerase chain reaction assays in CSF, Neurology, 48, 687, 10.1212/WNL.48.3.687 Aramini, 1999, Potential contamination of drinking water with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts, Epidemiol Infect, 122, 305, 10.1017/S0950268899002113 Araujo, 1997, The ketolide antibiotics HMR 3647 and HMR 3004 are active against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in murine models of infection, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 41, 2137, 10.1128/AAC.41.10.2137 Araujo, 1991, In vivo activity of the macrolide antibiotics azithromycin, roxythromycin and spiramycin against Toxoplasma gondii, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 10, 516, 10.1007/BF01963942 Bougnoux, 1990, Toxoplasmose congénitale en France : bilan de la prevention primaire en France, Bull Epidemiol Hebd, 13 Burg, 1989, Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by polymerase chain reaction, J Clin Microbiol, 27, 1787, 10.1128/JCM.27.8.1787-1792.1989 Burnett, 1998, Multiple cases of acquired toxoplasmosis retinitis presenting in an outbreak, Ophthalmology, 105, 1032, 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)96004-3 Candolfi, 1987, Detection of circulating antigens in immunocompromised patients during reactivation of chronic toxoplasmosis, Eur J Clin Microbiol, 6, 44, 10.1007/BF02097189 Chene, 1998, Intention-to-treat vs on-treatment analyses of clinical trial data: experiencefrom a study of pyrimethamine in the primary prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients ANRS 005/ACTG 154 trial group, Control Clin Trials, 19, 233, 10.1016/S0197-2456(97)00145-1 Couvreur, 1988, Surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii, Parasitology, 97, 1, 10.1017/S0031182000066695 Couvreur, 1999, Le probléme de la toxoplasmose congénitale L'évolution sur quatre décennies, Presse Méd, 28, 753 Couvreur, 1991, Fœtopathie toxoplasmique. Traitement in utero par I'association pyriméthamine-sulfamides, Arch Fr Pédiatr, 48, 397 Daffos, 1988, Prenatal management of 746 pregnancies at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis, N Engl J Med, 318, 271, 10.1056/NEJM198802043180502 Decoster, 1988, IgA antibodies against P30 as markers of congenital and acute toxoplasmosis, Lancet, 2, 1104, 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90523-5 Delfraissy, 1999 Denkers, 1998, Regulation and function of T-cell-mediated immunity during Toxoplasma gondii infection, Clin Microbiol Rev, 11, 569, 10.1128/CMR.11.4.569 Derouin, 1990, Activity in vitro against Toxoplasma gondii of azithromycin and clarithromycin alone and with pyrimethamine, J Antimicrob Chemother, 25, 708, 10.1093/jac/25.4.708 Derouin, 1986, Toxoplasmose congénitale Diagnostic rapide par mise en évidence de toxoplasmes dans le placenta par culture cellulaire, Presse Méd, 15, 1684 Desmonts, 1982, Toxoplasmose acquisede la femme enceinte. Estimation du risque de transmission du parasite et de toxoplasmose congénitale, Lyon Méd, 248, 115 Desmonts, 1984, Htstoire naturelle de la toxoplasmose congénitale, Ann Pédiatr, 31, 562 Dubey, 1988 Dubey, 1998, Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts, Clin Microbiol Rev, 11, 267, 10.1128/CMR.11.2.267 Dupon, 1995, Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by PCR and tissue culture in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients, J Clin Microbiol, 33, 2421, 10.1128/JCM.33.9.2421-2426.1995 Fortier, 1991, Spontaneous abortion and reinfection by Toxoplasma gondii, Lancet, 338, 444, 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91064-2 Fortier, 1996, Structure et biologie des bradyzoites de Toxoplasma gondii, CR Soc Biol, 190, 385 Franzen, 1997, Limited value of PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in blood from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, J Clin Microbiol, 35, 2639, 10.1128/JCM.35.10.2639-2641.1997 Fricker-Hidalgo, 1998, Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in 94 placentas from infected women by polymerase chain reaction, in vivo, and in vitro cultures, Placenta, 19, 545, 10.1016/S0143-4004(98)91049-9 Hohlfeld, 1994, Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with a polymerase-chain reaction test on amniotic fluid, N Engl J Med, 331, 695, 10.1056/NEJM199409153311102 Lakhanpal, 1983, Clindamycin in the treatment of toxoplasmic retinochorotditis, Am J Ophthalmol, 95, 605, 10.1016/0002-9394(83)90378-1 Mariuz, 1997, Toxoplasma pneumonia, Semin Respir Infect, 12, 40 McAuley, 1994, Early and longitudinal evaluations of treated infants and children and untreated historical patients with congenital toxoplasmosis: the Chicago collaborative treatment trial, Clin Infect Dis, 18, 38, 10.1093/clinids/18.1.38 Pearson, 1999, Atovaquone for the treatment of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in immunocompetent patients, Ophthalmology, 106, 148, 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90021-0 Pelloux, 1998, Determination of anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G avidity: adaptation of the Vidas system (bioMérieux), Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 32, 69, 10.1016/S0732-8893(98)00077-7 Pelloux, 1991, Toxoplasmose oculaire.Comparaison de deux méthodes biologiques pour l'étude de I'humeur aqueuse, Presse Méd, 20, 1655 Pinon, 1991, Pic-ELIFA et isotypes spécifiques IgA ou IgE dans (l'evaluation des risques toxoplasmiques chez les sujets immunodéprimés, Rev Fr Lob, 223, 103 Pinon, 1987, Diagnostic précoce et surveillance de la toxoplasmose congénitale Méthode des profils immunologiques compares, Presse Méd, 16, 471 Roberts, 1999, Pathogenesis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, Parasitol Today, 15, 51, 10.1016/S0169-4758(98)01377-5 Sibley, 1996, Genetic basis of pathogenicity in toxoplasmosis, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 219, 1 Soldati, 1999, The apicoplast as a potential therapeutic target in Toxoplasma and other apicomplexan parasites, Parasitol Today, 15, 5, 10.1016/S0169-4758(98)01363-5 Speirs, 1988, Relative risk of donortransmitted Toxoplasma gondii Infection in heart, liver and kidney transplantation recipients, Clin Transplant, 2, 257 Tomavo, 1991, Characterization of bradyzoite-specific antigens of Toxoplasma gondii, Infect Immun, 59, 3750, 10.1128/IAI.59.10.3750-3753.1991 Torre, 1998, A retrospective study of treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, J Infect, 37, 15, 10.1016/S0163-4453(98)90217-1 Torres, 1997, Atovaquone for salvage treatment and suppression of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS Atovaquone/toxoplasmic encephalitis study group, Clin Infect Dis, 24, 422, 10.1093/clinids/24.3.422 Van Voorhis, 1990, Therapy and prophylaxis of systemic protozoan infections, Drugs, 40, 176, 10.2165/00003495-199040020-00002 Vergani, 1998, Congenital toxoptasmosis: efficacy of maternal treatment with spiramycin alone, Am J Reprod Immunol, 39, 335, 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00527.x Villena, 1998, Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis: follow-up of 78 cases between 1980 and 1997, Scand J Infect Dis, 30, 295, 10.1080/00365549850160963 Villena, 1998, Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis transmitted by an immunocompetent woman infected before conception, Prenat Diagn, 18, 1079, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(1998100)18:10<1079::AID-PD391>3.0.CO;2-E