Hướng tới nền kinh tế tuần hoàn thực phẩm: xử lý thủy nhiệt chất thải từ rau quả hỗn hợp để thu nhận đường lên men và các hợp chất sinh học hoạt tính

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 30 - Trang 3901-3917 - 2022
Marta Sánchez1, Amanda Laca1, Adriana Laca1, Mario Díaz1
1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

Tóm tắt

Do hoạt động chế biến, trái cây và rau củ tạo ra một lượng chất thải đáng kể ở cấp độ chế biến, bán lẻ và tiêu thụ. Theo các mục tiêu của Châu Âu nhằm giảm lãng phí thực phẩm và đạt được một nền kinh tế tuần hoàn về tài nguyên, những chất thải sinh học này cần được tận dụng. Trong nghiên cứu này, quá trình thủy phân thủy nhiệt dưới các điều kiện khác nhau (nhiệt độ, thời gian, tỷ lệ chất thải/nước, giá trị pH) đã được thử nghiệm lần đầu tiên trên các chất thải sinh học bao gồm trái cây hoặc rau củ chín quá để tối ưu hóa việc chiết xuất đường lên men có thể được sử dụng làm nguyên liệu trong các quy trình sinh học. Dữ liệu thực nghiệm đã được mô hình hóa dựa trên các phản ứng bậc nhất không thuận nghịch, và các hằng số động học đã được xác định. Khi thủy phân chất thải trái cây được thực hiện ở 135 °C và pH 5 trong 40 phút, có thể thu được hơn 40 g đường khử trên 100 g chất thải (khối lượng khô), tương ứng với sự chiết xuất 97% tổng lượng carbohydrat. Nồng độ của các hợp chất ức chế (HMF, furfural, axit acetic) trong dung dịch thủy phân rất thấp và, ví dụ, một quá trình lên men để sản xuất bioethanol đã được thực hiện thành công với hiệu suất trên 95%. Ngoài ra, việc sản xuất các hợp chất sinh học hoạt tính qua xử lý thủy nhiệt cũng đã được nghiên cứu và các kết quả tốt nhất đạt được là 92% ức chế DPPH và 12 mg GAE/g (khối lượng khô) cho hoạt tính chống oxi hóa và các hợp chất phenolic, tương ứng. Những giá trị này tương tự hoặc thậm chí cao hơn so với những gì đã được báo cáo trong tài liệu sử dụng các bộ phận cụ thể của trái cây và rau củ.

Từ khóa

#circular economy #hydrothermal treatment #fermentable sugars #bioactive compounds #fruit waste #vegetable waste

Tài liệu tham khảo

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