Towards a likelihood ratio approach for bloodstain pattern analysis

Forensic Science International - Tập 341 - Trang 111512 - 2022
Tong Zou1, Hal S. Stern1
1Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ahmed, 1989, Entropy expressions and their estimators for multivariate distributions, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 35, 688, 10.1109/18.30996 Aitken, 2004 Aitken, 2004, Evaluation of trace evidence in the form of multivariate data, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C Appl. Stat., 53, 109, 10.1046/j.0035-9254.2003.05271.x Arthur, 2018, An automated approach to the classification of impact spatter and cast-off bloodstain patterns, Forensic Sci. Int., 289, 310, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.019 Arthur, 2017, An image-processing methodology for extracting bloodstain pattern features, Forensic Sci. Int., 277, 122, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.022 Attinger, 2019, Determining the region of origin of blood spatter patterns considering fluid dynamics and statistical uncertainties, Forensic Sci. Int., 298, 323, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.003 Attinger, 2022, Using the likelihood ratio in bloodstain pattern analysis, J. Forensic Sci., 67, 33, 10.1111/1556-4029.14899 Attinger, 2018, A data set of bloodstain patterns for teaching and research in bloodstain pattern analysis: impact beating spatters, Data Brief, 18, 648, 10.1016/j.dib.2018.02.070 Attinger, 2019, A data set of bloodstain patterns for teaching and research in bloodstain pattern analysis: gunshot backspatters, Data Brief, 22, 269, 10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.075 Bevel, 2008 Bozza, 2008, Probabilistic evaluation of handwriting evidence: likelihood ratio for authorship, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C Appl. Stat., 57, 329, 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2007.00616.x Bunch, 2013, Application of likelihood ratios for firearm and toolmark analysis, Sci. Justice, 53, 223, 10.1016/j.scijus.2012.12.005 Camana, 2013, Determining the area of convergence in bloodstain pattern analysis: a probabilistic approach, Forensic Sci. Int., 231, 131, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.019 DIPimage, version 2.9, Delft University of Technology. 〈https://www.diplib.org/〉. Gaborini, 2017, Towards a Bayesian evaluation of features in questioned handwritten signatures, Sci. Justice, 57, 209, 10.1016/j.scijus.2017.01.004 Galbraith, 2017, Analyzing user-event data using score-based likelihood ratios with marked point processes, Digit. Investig., 22, S106, 10.1016/j.diin.2017.06.009 Galbraith, 2020, Quantifying the association between discrete event time series with applications to digital forensics, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc., 183, 1005, 10.1111/rssa.12549 Hicklin, 2021, Accuracy and reproducibility of conclusions by forensic bloodstain pattern analysts, Forensic Sci. Int., 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110856 Huttenlocher, 1993, Comparing images using the Hausdorff distance, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 15, 850, 10.1109/34.232073 Jaccard, 1912, The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone. 1, New Phytol., 11, 37, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1912.tb05611.x James, 2005 Jones, 1996, A brief survey of bandwidth selection for density estimation, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 91, 401, 10.1080/01621459.1996.10476701 Kass, 1995, Bayes factors, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 90, 773, 10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572 B.G. Lindsay, Mixture Models: Theory, Geometry, and Applications, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 1995. Liu, 2020, Automatic classification of bloodstain patterns caused by gunshot and blunt impact at various distances, J. Forensic Sci., 65, 729, 10.1111/1556-4029.14262 Mardia, 2009 Marquis, 2011, Handwriting evidence evaluation based on the shape of characters: application of multivariate likelihood ratios, J. Forensic Sci., 56, S238, 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01602.x MATLAB version 9.11.0.1769968 (R2021b), The MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts. Morrison, 2021, Consensus on validation of forensic voice comparison, Sci. Justice, 61, 299, 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.02.002 National Research Council, 2009 Neumann, 2012, Quantifying the weight of evidence from a forensic fingerprint comparison: a new paradigm, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc., 175, 371, 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2011.01027.x Steele, 2014, Statistical evaluation of forensic DNA profile evidence, Annu. Rev. Stat. Appl., 1, 361, 10.1146/annurev-statistics-022513-115602 Stern, 2017, Statistical issues in forensic science, Annu. Rev. Stat. Appl., 4, 225, 10.1146/annurev-statistics-041715-033554 S. Willis, L. McKenna, S. McDermott, G. O’Donell, A. Barrett, B. Rasmusson, A. Nordgaard, C. Berger, M. Sjerps, J. Lucena-Molina, et al., Strengthening the evaluation of forensic results across europe (steofrae), ENFSI Guideline for Evaluative Reporting in Forensic Science, 2015. Zack, 1977, Automatic measurement of sister chromatid exchange frequency, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 25, 741, 10.1177/25.7.70454 Zou, 2021, Recognition of overlapping elliptical objects in a binary image, Pattern Anal. Appl., 24, 1193, 10.1007/s10044-020-00951-z