Towards Supply Chain Integration Through Multimodal Transport in Developing Economies: The Case of Bangladesh
Tóm tắt
This paper presents a normative model for efficient goods movement promoting supply chain integration in developing economies. Supply chains encompass a holistic throughput of goods movements to and from partner organisations including internal and external suppliers. Similarly, multimodal freight transport represents an integrated system for moving goods quickly and inexpensively from shipper to consignee by at least two different modes under a single contract. The initial discussion considers the influence of containerisation on international freight transport and some benefits and limitations of multimodalism. A trend towards supply chain integration and the implications for intermediaries and shippers or manufacturers in freight transport systems are discussed. Various barriers to supply chain integration in developing economies are presented. A case study of the scope for developing multimodal transport is reviewed in the light of particular national transport problems facing Bangladesh. Conclusions note the potential for multimodal freight transport to provide a catalyst for removing trade barriers and offer a model for achieving supply chain integration in such economies.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bowersox, DJ and Closs, DJ . 1996: Logistical Management: The Integrated Supply Chain Process. McGraw-Hill: New York.
Burkhardt, M . 1998: Combined perspective for road and rail. In: New Trade Patterns: New Transport Demands in the Black Sea Region. ECMT Seminar, Antalya, Turkey, 21–22 October. ECMT: Paris. On-line. http://www1.oecd.org/cem/online/antalya98/Burkhard.pdf,visited on 17 February 2005.
Christopher, M . 1998: Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Strategies for Reducing Cost and Improving Service. Financial Times/Pitman: London.
Christopher, M and Towill, D . 2001: An integrated model for the design of agile supply chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 31: 235–246.
Cookson, FE and Ahmed, SE . 2000: Chittagong Port Problems and Solutions. The Daily Star, Centre for Policy Dialogue: Bangladesh, pp 1–10.
Coyle, JJ, Bardi, EJ and Langley, CJ . 2003: The Management of Business Logistics: A Supply Chain Perspective, 7th edn. Thomson Learning: Ohio.
D’Este, G . 1996: An event based approach to modelling intermodal freight systems. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 26: 4–15.
Eller, D . 2000: New Age Shippers. Containerisation International 33 (11): 49–53.
ETF. 1999: Toward Improved Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United States: Report of the Third EU-US Forum. Eno Transportation Foundation: New York. 3–5 November, pp 8–18.
European Conference of Ministers of Transport. 1998: Report on the Current States of Combined Transport in Europe. CEMT/CM(98)15/Final. OECD: Paris. On-line http://www1.oecd.org/cem/online/docspdf/cm9815e.pdf,visited on 17 February 2005.
European Conference of Ministers of Transport. 2001: Land Access to Seaports Round Table 113. OECD: Paris.
Gercek, H . 1998: Trends in transport in the Black sea region. In: New Trade Patterns: New Transport Demands in the Black Sea Region. ECMT Seminar, Antalya, Turkey, 21–22 October. ECMT: Paris. On-line http://www1.oecd.org/cem/online/antalya98/Gercek.pdf,visited on 17 February 2005.
Haralambides, HE, Verbeke, A, Musso, E and Benacchio, M . 2001: Port financing and pricing in the European Union: Theory politics and reality. International Journal of Maritime Economics 3: 368–386.
Hayuth, Y . 1987: Intermodality: Concept and Practice. Lloyd's of London Press: London.
Heaver, TD . 2002: The evolving roles of shipping lines in international logistics. International Journal of Maritime Economics 4: 210–230.
Hewitt, F . 2002: Fourth stage logistics research: Drivers and priorities in the twenty first century. In: Griffiths, F, Hewitt, F and Ireland, P (eds). Logistics Research Network Annual Conference. Birmingham, 4–6 September, pp 2–4.
Hoffmann, J . 2001: Latin American ports: Results and determinants of private sector participation. International Journal of Maritime Economics 3: 221–241.
Institute of Logistics. 1994: Understanding European Intermodal Transport: A Users’ Guide. Institute of Logistics: Northants, UK.
IWTGS. 2003: Glossary for Transport Statistics. Intersecretariat Working Group on Transport Statistics for EUROSTAT, ECMT and UN/ECE, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 3rd edn: Luxemborg. Available at http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-BI-03-002/EN/KS-BI-03-002-EN.PDF (accessed 27 October 2005).
Juhel, MH . 2001: Globalisation, privatisation and restructuring of ports. International Journal of Maritime Economics 3: 139–174.
Kindred, HM and Brooks, MR . 1997: Multimodal Transport Rules. Kluwer Law International: The Hague.
Khan, AR . 2001: South Asian Growth Quadrangle Emerging Opportunities for Economic Partnership Infrastructure Cooperation in SAGQ Region framework for Exploiting the Potentials. South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation Chamber of Commerce and Industry, p. 3. Online http://www.saarcnet.org/saarcnetorg/sagq/chap2/index.htm, visited on 10 March, 2002.
Lai, KH, Cheng, TCE and Yeung, ACL . 2004: An empirical taxonomy for logistics service providers. Maritime Economics and Logistics 6: 199–219.
Luo, M and Grigalunas, TA . 2003: A spatial-economic multimodal transportation simulation model for US coastal container ports. Maritime Economics and Logistics 5: 158–178.
Ministry of Finance. 2002: Bangladesh Economic Survey 2002. Ministry of Finance, Government of Bangladesh: Dhaka, pp 37–45.
Mott, M . 1998: Ports System Development Project: Master Plan and Trade Facilitation Study. Final Report, Vol. (1). Mott Macdonald: UK.
Muller, G . 1999: Intermodal Freight Transportation, 4th edn. Eno Transportation Foundation: Washington, DC.
OECD. 2001: Intermodal Freight Transport: Institutional Aspects. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Paris.
Planning Commission. 1998a: The Fifth Five Year Plan 1997–2002. Ministry of Planning, Government of Bangladesh: Dhaka, pp 2, 371–377.
Planning Commission. 1998b: Bangladesh Integrated Transport System Study. Ministry of Planning, Government of Bangladesh: Dhaka, pp 37–76.
Pohit, S and Taneja, N . 2003: India's informal trade with bangladesh: A qualitative assessment. national council for applied economic research. The World Economy 26: 1187–1214.
Rushton, A, Oxley, J and Croucher, P . 2000: Hand Book of Logistics and Distribution Management, 2nd edn. Kogan Page: London.
Seeck, S and Vanroye, K . 1999: Third-Party Logistics in the European Union. In: Towards Improved Intermodal Freight Transport in Europe and the United States. Report of the Third EU-US Forum. New York, 3–5 November. Eno Transportation Foundation: New York, pp 71–78. On-line http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/documents/eno.pdf,visited on 17 February 2005.
Subramanian, U and Arnold, J . 2001: Forging Subregional Links in Transportation and Logistics in South Asia. IBRD and The World Bank: Washington, DC.
Thorby, C . 2003: Things can only get better. Containerisation International 36: 19–20.
UNCTAD. 1990: Information Material for Shippers to Make the most Efficient Use of Multimodal Transport (Report No. TD/B/C.4/330). United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: Geneva, April, pp 1–8.
UNCTAD. 1994: Recommendations and Guidelines for Trade Efficiency. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: New York and Geneva, pp 7–21 93.
UNCTAD. 1995: Fostering Competitiveness Multimodal Transport Service. Standing Committee on Developing Services Sectors: Fostering Competitive Services Sectors in Developing Countries, Shipping, Third Session United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 6–12 June.
Van Schijndel, WJ and Dinwoodie, J . 2000: Congestion and multimodal transport: A survey of cargo transport operators in the Netherlands. Transport Policy 7: 231–241.
Waters, D . 1999: Developing global logistics. In: Waters, D (ed). Global Logistics and Distribution Planning Strategy for Management, 3rd edn. Kogan Page: London, pp 293–300.
Wiegmans, BW, Nijkamp, P and Masurel, E . 2001: Intermodal freight terminals: Marketing channels and telecommunication networks. Transport Reviews 21: 339–413.
Wiegmans, BW, Ubbels, B, Rietveld, P and Nijkamp, P . 2002: Investments in container terminals: Public private partnerships in Europe. International Journal of Maritime Economics 4: 1–20.
Wit, RD . 1995: Multimodal Transport. Lloyd's of London Press: London, pp 18–23.