Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Hướng tới Giải pháp cho Xung đột Giữa Nhà nước và Cộng đồng Địa phương về Đất Rừng: Ảnh hưởng của Sự Công nhận Chính thức Quyền Sử dụng tại Krui, Sumatra, Indonesia
Tóm tắt
Vào năm 1998, một nghị định được Chính phủ Indonesia ban hành đã cho phép các cộng đồng ở Krui, Indonesia, đăng ký quyền khai thác đối với khu vực đất rừng nhà nước được trồng bằng hệ thống nông lâm kết hợp của họ. Việc đăng ký này sẽ cung cấp cho nông dân quyền hợp pháp để quản lý và hưởng lợi từ những hệ thống nông lâm kết hợp này. Năm 2005, chúng tôi phát hiện rằng mặc dù không có cộng đồng nào ở Krui từng chính thức đăng ký quyền khai thác của họ, nhưng nghị định này đã đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc ngăn chặn các nỗ lực của người ngoài để chiếm đoạt những hệ thống nông lâm kết hợp này. Các nông dân trong khu vực rừng nhà nước cảm thấy an toàn đủ để tiếp tục đầu tư vào hệ thống nông lâm kết hợp phức tạp của họ, trong khi việc trồng cây củng cố cảm giác an toàn của họ. Chúng tôi kết luận rằng không phải tình trạng pháp lý của quyền sở hữu mà là nhận thức về độ an toàn của quyền sở hữu mới là yếu tố quan trọng trong quyết định sử dụng đất của con người. Những kết quả này được xem xét trong bối cảnh rộng lớn hơn của xung đột giữa nhà nước và cộng đồng về đất rừng ở các khu vực nhiệt đới.
Từ khóa
#xung đột đất rừng #quyền sử dụng #nông lâm kết hợp #Indonesia #an toàn quyền sở hữuTài liệu tham khảo
Acheson, J. (2000). Clearcutting Maine: Implications for the Theory of Common Property Resources. Human Ecology 28(2): 145–169.
Brasselle, A-S., Gaspart, F., and Platteau, J-P. (2002). Land Tenure Security and Investment Incentives: Puzzling Evidence From Burkina Faso. Journal of Development Economics 67: 373–418.
Contreras-Hermosilla, A., and Fay, C. (2005). Strengthening Forest Management in Indonesia Through Land Tenure Reform: Issues and Framework for Action, Forest Trends, Washington, DC.
De Foresta (1999). “Tim Krui” Consortium: CBSFM program. Grant no 950-1510: October 1995–September 1998. Final report to the Ford Foundation.
De Foresta, H., and Boer, E. (2000). Shorea javanica Koord. & Valeton. In Boer, E., and Ella, A. B. (eds.), Plant Resources of South-East Asia. no. 18: Plants Producing Exudates, Backhuys Publishers, Leyden, pp. 105–109.
Ekadinata, A., Kusters, K., Widayati, A., Gaveau, D., and Aslan (2005). Landcover dynamics in West Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia, Technical report submitted for ICRAF Internal Workshop: Impact Study of ICRAF Land and Tree Tenure Programme, Bogor, 1–2 August 2005. World Agroforestry Centre—ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. [online] URL: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Publications/searchpub.asp?publishid=1283.
Enters, T., Durst, P., and Brown, C. (2003). What does it take? The role of incentives in forest plantation development in the Asia-Pacific Region, UNFF intersessional experts meeting on the role of planted forests in sustainable forest management, 24–30 march 2003, New Zealand. [online] URL: http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/unff-planted-forestry-meeting/conference-papers/role-of-incentives-in-forest-plantation.pdf.
FAO (2005). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005: Progress towards sustainable forest management, FAO Forestry Paper 147, Rome. [online] URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0400e/a0400e00.htm.
Fathullah, Situmorang, L., Cahyaningsih, N., Nuch, I., and Sirait, M. (2005). Perubahan status kawasan hutan guna memjawab permasalahan kemiskinan dan ketahanan pangan: studi kasus dari marga Bengkunat dan pekon Sukapura, Kabupaten Lampung Barat. In Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi, (ISBN 979-97910-5-7), Yayasan Kemala, Jakarta, pp. 619–630.
Fay, C., and De Foresta, H. (2001). Progress towards recognising the rights and management potentials of local communities in Indonesian State-defined forest areas. In Vira, B., and Jeffery, R. (eds.), Analytical Issues in Participatory Natural Resource Management, Palgrave, Basingstoke, pp. 185–207.
Fay, C., and Michon, G. (2005). Redressing Forestry Hegemony: When a Forestry Regulatory Framework is Best Replaced by an Agrarian One. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 15: 193–209.
Fay, C., De Foresta, H., Sirait, M., and Tomich, T. P. (1998). A Policy Breakthrough for Indonesian Farmers in the Krui Damar Agroforests. Agroforestry Today 10(2): 25–26.
Fearnside, P. M. (1989). Extractive Reserves in Brazilian Amazonia. BioScience 39(6): 387–393.
Fearnside, P. M. (2001). Land-tenure Issues as Factors in Environmental Destruction in Brazilian Amazonia: The Case of Southern Pará. World Development 29: 1361–1372.
Forestry Planning Agency (2004a). Vegetation Coverage of Forest Area by Province Up to Year 2003. [online] URL (accessed on December 6, 2004): http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/STATISTIK/Stat2003/Baplan/IV1202.pdf.
Forestry Planning Agency (2004b). Forest Area Based on Decree of Minister of Forestry. [online] URL (accessed on December 6, 2004): http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/STATISTIK/Stat2003/Baplan/IV1102.pdf.
Galudra, G., Ramdhaniaty, N., Soenarto, F., Nurzaman, B., and Sirait, M. (2005). Kondisi ketahanan panagn masyarakat dalam cengkeraman bebijakan tata ruang dan penetapan kawasan Halimun: Studi kasus desa Mekarsari (Lebak) dan desa Malasari (Bogor). In Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi, (ISBN 979-97910-5-7), Yayasan Kemala, Jakarta, pp. 653–674.
Gaveau, D. L. A., Wandono, H., Setiabudi, F., Aslan (2005). Three Decades of Deforestation in Southwest Sumatra: did Protected Areas Halt Forest Degradation and Facilitate Regeneration? Wildlife Conservation Society Report, Bogor.
Godoy, R., Jacobson, M., De Castro, J., Aliaga, V., Romero, J., and Davis, A. (1998). The Role of Tenure Security and Private Time Preference in Neotropical Deforestation. Land Economics 74(2): 162–170.
Kumar, S. (2002). Does “Participation” in Common Pool Resource Management Help the Poor? A Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of Joint Forest Management in Jharkhand, India. World Development 30: 763–782.
Lubis, Z. (1996). Repong damar: kajian tentang proses pengambilan keputusan dalam pengelolaan lahan hutan di Pesisir Krui, Lampung Barat, M.Sc. Thesis, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Lynch, O. J., and Talbott, K. (1995). Balancing Acts: Community-based Forest Management and National Law in Asia and the Pacific, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
Mary, F., and Michon, G. (1987). When Agroforests Drive Back Natural Forests: A Socio-economic Analysis of a Rice–Agroforest System in Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems 5: 27–55.
MoF (1998). Decree of Minister of Forestry No. 47/Kpts-II/1998 Concerning the Designation of +/− 29,000 Hectares of the Protective Forest and Limited Production Forest Zone, From the Pesisir Forest Grouping, in West Lampung District, Province of Lampung, which are Covered by Damar Agroforests (‘Repong Damar’) Managed by Communities under Customary Law (Masyarakat Hukum Adat), as a Zone with Distinct Purpose (Kawasan Dengan Tujuan Istimewa).
Michon, G. (2005). Domesticating Forests—How Farmers Manage Forest Resources, IRD, CIFOR and ICRAF, Bogor.
Michon, G., and De Foresta, H. (1995). The Indonesian agroforest model. Forest resource management and biodiversity conservation. In Halladay, P., and Gilmour, D. A. (eds.) Conserving Biodiversity Outside Protected Areas. The Role of Traditional Agro-Ecosystems, IUCN, Gland, pp. 90–106.
Michon, G., and De Foresta, H. (1999). Agro-forests: incorporating a forest vision in agroforestry. In Buck, L. E., Lassoie, J., and Fernandes, E. C. M. (eds.), Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems, CRC LLC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 381–406.
Michon, G., De Foresta, H., Kusworo, and Levang, P. (2000). The damar agroforests of Krui, Indonesia: justice for forest farmers. In Zerner, C. (ed.), People, Plants and Justice: The Politics of Nature Conservation, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 159–203.
Niimura, Y. (2000). Knowledge, Social Dynamics and Damar Agroforests: the Role of Outsiders in Promoting Sustainable Local Resource management in Pesisir Krui, Indonesia, MA Thesis, Wye College, University of London, London.
Obidzinski, K. (2005). Illegal logging and the fate of Indonesia’s forests in times of regional autonomy. In Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi, (ISBN 979-97910-5-7), Yayasan Kemala, Jakarta, pp. 429–449.
Otsuka, K., and Place, F. (eds.) (2001). Land Tenure and Natural Resource Management: A Comparative Analysis of Agrarian Communities in Asia and Africa, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Pagdee, A., Kim, Y., and Daugherty, P. J. (2006). What Makes Community Forest Management Successful: A Meta-study From Community Forests Throughout the World. Society and Natural Resources 19(1): 33–52.
Peralta, P., and Mather, P. (2000). An Analysis of Deforestation Patterns in the Extractive Reserves of Acre, Amazonia from Satellite Imagery: A Landscape Ecological Approach. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21: 2555–2570.
Roth, M., and Haase, D. (1998). Land Tenure Security and Agricultural Performance in Southern Africa, BASIS Southern Africa Program publication, Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison. [online] URL: http://www.ies.wisc.edu/ltc/live/bassaf9806a.pdf.
Safitri, M. A., (2005). Tenure security, sebuah arena pluralisme hukum di kawasan hutan negara. In Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi, (ISBN 979-97910-5-7), Yayasan Kemala, Jakarta, pp. 269–276.
Schlager, E., and Ostrom, E. (1992). Property Rights Regimes and Natural Resources: A Conceptual Analysis. Land Economics 68: 249–262.
Sirait, M., Williams, S. E., Van Noordwijk, M., Kusworo, A., Budidarsono, S., Tomich, T. P., Suyanto, S., Fay, C. M., and Thomas, D. P. (2001). Policy Research for Sustainable Upland Management. ASB_LN 12. In Van Noordwijk, M., Williams, S. E., and Verbist, B. (Eds.), Towards Integrated Natural Resource Management in Forest Margins of the Humid Tropics: Local Action and Global Concerns. ASB-Lecture Notes 1-12, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), Bogor. Also available from: http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/Training/modules.asp.
Sirait, M., Bulor, D. B., Sofyar, Y., Anugrah, D., Rismawan, R., and Suyradin, D. (2005). Refleksi pengembangan metodologi identifikasi masyarakat adat dan wilayah adat secara partisipatif di kabupaten Kutai Barat, Kalimantan Timur. In Tanah Masih Di Langit, penyelesaian Masalah Penguasaan Tanah dan Kekayaan Alam di Indonesia yang Tak Kunjung Tuntas di Era Reformasi, (ISBN 979-97910-5-7), Yayasan Kemala, Jakarta, pp. 675–698.
Suyanto, S., Tomich, T. P., and Otsuka, K. (2001). Land Tenure and Farm Management Efficiency: The Case of Smallholder Rubber Production in Customary Land Areas of Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems 52: 145–160.
Tomich, T. P., Thomas, D. E., and Van Noordwijk, M. (2004). Environmental Services and Land-Use Change in South-East Asia: From Recognition to Regulation or Reward? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104: 229–244.
Torquebiau, E. (1984). Man-made Dipterocarp Forest in Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems 2(2): 103–128.
Van Goor, C. P., and Kartasubrata, J. (Eds.) (1982). Indonesian Forestry Abstracts, Dutch literature until about 1960, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen.
White, A., and Martin, A. (2002). Who Owns the Worlds Forests? Forest Tenure and Public Forests in Transition, Forest Trends, Washington, DC.
Wollenberg, E., and Nawir, A. (2005). Turning Straw into Gold: Specialization Among Damar Agroforest Farmers in Pesisir, Sumatra. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 15(4): 317–336.
Wollenberg, E., Nawir, A., Uluk, A., and Pramono, H. (2001). Income is Not Enough: The Effect of Economic Incentiveson Forest Product Conservation—A Comparison of Forest Communities Dependent on the Agroforests of Krui, Sumatra and Natural Dipterocarp Forests of Kayan Mentarang, East Kalimantan, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor.
